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Jordán M, Wojtys-Tekiel S, Merino S, Tomás JM, Kaszowska M. Structural Diversity among Edwardsiellaceae Core Oligosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054768. [PMID: 36902212 PMCID: PMC10003444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Edwardsiella genus presents five different pathogenic species: Edwardsiella tarda, E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri. These species cause infections mainly in fish, but they can also infect reptiles, birds or humans. Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these bacteria. For the first time, the chemical structure and genomics of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharides of E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri were studied. The complete gene assignments for all core biosynthesis gene functions were acquired. The structure of core oligosaccharides was investigated by ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum core oligosaccharides show the presence of →3,4)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, two terminal β-D-Glcp, →2,3,7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, →7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, terminal α-D-GlcpN, two →4)-α-D-GalpA, → 3)-α-D-GlcpNAc, terminal β-D-Galp and →5-substituted Kdo. E. hoshinare core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, and instead of terminal β-D-Galp a terminal α-D-GlcpNAc. E. ictaluri core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, one →4)-α-D-GalpA and do not have terminal α-D-GlcpN (see complementary figure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jordán
- Department of Genetic, Microbiology and Statistic, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylwia Wojtys-Tekiel
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Susana Merino
- Department of Genetic, Microbiology and Statistic, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Juan M. Tomás
- Department of Genetic, Microbiology and Statistic, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kaszowska
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.K.)
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Armwood AR, Griffin MJ, Richardson BM, Wise DJ, Ware C, Camus AC. Pathology and virulence of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella anguillarum in channel (Ictalurus punctatus), blue (Ictalurus furcatus), and channel × blue hybrid catfish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1683-1698. [PMID: 35880718 PMCID: PMC9796362 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the mid-2010s, Edwardsiella tarda was reaffiliated into three discrete taxa (E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, and E. tarda), obscuring previous descriptions of E. tarda-induced pathology in fish. To clarify ambiguity regarding the pathology of E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. anguillarum infections in US farm-raised catfish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (I. furcatus), and channel × blue catfish hybrids were challenged with comparable doses of each bacterium. The most severe pathology and mortality occurred in fish challenged with E. piscicida, supporting previous reports of increased pathogenicity in commercially important ictalurids, while E. anguillarum and E. tarda warrant only minimal concern. Acute pathologic lesions among bacterial species were predominantly necrotizing and characteristic of gram-negative sepsis but became progressively granulomatous over time. After 100 days, survivors were exposed to the approximate median lethal doses of E. piscicida and E. ictaluri, revealing some cross-protective effects among E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, and E. ictaluri. In contrast, no fish that survived E. tarda challenge demonstrated any protection against E. piscicida or E. ictaluri. This work supports reports of increased susceptibility of channel, blue, and hybrid catfish to E. piscicida, while highlighting potential cross-protective affects among fish associated Edwardsiella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Armwood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matt J. Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineMississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippiUSA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension CenterMississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippiUSA
| | - Bradley M. Richardson
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research UnitAgricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureStonevilleMississippiUSA
| | - David J. Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension CenterMississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippiUSA
- Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, College of Forest ResourcesMississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippiUSA
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension CenterMississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippiUSA
| | - Alvin C. Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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3
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Monitoring the Starvation–Survival Response of Edwardsiella piscicida and E. tarda in Freshwater Microcosms, at Various Temperatures. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051043. [PMID: 35630485 PMCID: PMC9145210 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an important fish pathogen responsible for economic losses in global aquaculture, and E. tarda is also a human zoonotic pathogen. In this study, the survival of E. piscicida and E. tarda strains kept in filtered and sterilized lake water microcosms was investigated during a 20-week period at 7 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C, as well as its pathogenicity retention during a starvation period. E. tarda V43.2 stayed culturable for 6 weeks at 7 °C, 9 weeks at 25 °C and 12 weeks at 15 °C. Both E. piscicida strains (V12.1 and V57.2) stayed culturable even longer, for at least 12 weeks at 7 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C under the same starvation conditions. After Edwardsiella cells entered into the VBNC state, some became shorter and ”rounded up,” but others aggregated and retained a short rod shape. Aggregates of Edwardsiella cells were common throughout the VBNC period, and a well-formed biofilm was observed for all tested strains at the end of the experiment. The growth capacity of VBNC cells was restored by cultivating microcosm water samples in LB broth at 28 °C. Resuscitated E. piscicida cells were as virulent for the European eel as the controls. Natural waters can be a reservoir for Edwardsiella, and its underestimation in environmental samples poses a risk to public health and aquaculture.
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López-Porras A, Griffin MJ, Armwood AR, Camus AC, Waldbieser GC, Ware C, Richardson B, Greenway TE, Rosser TG, Aarattuthodiyil S, Wise DJ. Genetic variability of Edwardsiella piscicida isolates from Mississippi catfish aquaculture with an assessment of virulence in channel and channel × blue hybrid catfish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1725-1751. [PMID: 34251059 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Edwardsiella piscicida causes significant losses in global aquaculture, particularly channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish cultured in the south-eastern United States. Emergence of E. piscicida in hybrid catfish is worrisome given current industry trends towards increased hybrid production. The project objectives were to assess intraspecific genetic variability of E. piscicida isolates recovered from diseased channel and hybrid catfish in Mississippi; and determine virulence associations among genetic variants. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) using ERIC I and II primers was used to screen 158 E. piscicida diagnostic case isolates. A subsample of 39 E. piscicida isolates, representing predominant rep-PCR profiles, was further characterized using BOX and (GTG)5 rep-PCR primers, virulence gene assessment and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) targeting housekeeping genes gyrb, pgi and phoU. The MLSA provided greater resolution than rep-PCR, revealing 5 discrete phylogroups that correlated similarly with virulence gene profiles. Virulence assessments using E. piscicida representatives from each MLSA group resulted in 14-day cumulative mortality ranging from 22% to 54% and 63 to 72% in channel and hybrid fingerlings, respectively. Across all phylogroups, mortality was higher in hybrid catfish (p < .05), supporting previous work indicating E. piscicida is an emerging threat to hybrid catfish aquaculture in the south-eastern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Porras
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
- Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Abigail R Armwood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Waldbieser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
- Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Bradley Richardson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Terrence E Greenway
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Graham Rosser
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Suja Aarattuthodiyil
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
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Tekedar HC, Blom J, Kalindamar S, Nho S, Karsi A, Lawrence ML. Comparative genomics of the fish pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146 and Edwardsiella piscicida C07-087. Microb Genom 2020; 6. [PMID: 32108566 PMCID: PMC7067208 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri and Edwardsiella piscicida are important fish pathogens affecting cultured and wild fish worldwide. To investigate the genome-level differences and similarities between catfish-adapted strains in these two species, the complete E. ictaluri 93-146 and E. piscicida C07-087 genomes were evaluated by applying comparative genomics analysis. All available complete (10) and non-complete (19) genomes from five Edwardsiella species were also included in a systematic analysis. Average nucleotide identity and core-genome phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that the five Edwardsiella species were separated from each other. Pan-/core-genome analyses for the 29 strains from the five species showed that genus Edwardsiella members have 9474 genes in their pan genome, while the core genome consists of 1421 genes. Orthology cluster analysis showed that E. ictaluri and E. piscicida genomes have the greatest number of shared clusters. However, E. ictaluri and E. piscicida also have unique features; for example, the E. ictaluri genome encodes urease enzymes and cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunits, whereas E. piscicida genomes encode tetrathionate reductase operons, capsular polysaccharide synthesis enzymes and vibrioferrin-related genes. Additionally, we report for what is believed to be the first time that E. ictaluri 93-146 and three other E. ictaluri genomes encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS), whereas none of the E. piscicida genomes encode this system. Additionally, the E. piscicida C07-087 genome encodes two different type VI secretion systems. E. ictaluri genomes tend to encode more insertion elements, phage regions and genomic islands than E. piscicida. We speculate that the T4SS could contribute to the increased number of mobilome elements in E. ictaluri compared to E. piscicida. Two of the E. piscicida genomes encode full CRISPR-Cas regions, whereas none of the E. ictaluri genomes encode Cas proteins. Overall, comparison of the E. ictaluri and E. piscicida genomes reveals unique features and provides new insights on pathogenicity that may reflect the host adaptation of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan C Tekedar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Safak Kalindamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Seongwon Nho
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Oh WT, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Giri SS, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kang JW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Park SC. Characterization and Pathological Analysis of a Virulent Edwardsiella anguillarum Strain Isolated From Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:14. [PMID: 32047760 PMCID: PMC6997428 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella species are one of the top causative pathogens of mortality in various fisheries worldwide. Their role in zoonotic infections and increase in antibiotic-resistance has raised concerns and interests in many research fields. Similar to the studies investigating human clinical cases, there has been an increase in research examining the potential pathogenic role of the bacterium in aquaculture. Within the Edwardsiella family, Edwardsiella anguillarum was lastest group to be differentiated from the Edwardsiella tarda group, and many studies focusing on the virulence of this species have since ensued. In Korea, only E. tarda infections have been reported in aquaculture industries, and there have been no reports on economic losses incurred owing to E. anguillarum infection. There has been a recent report investigating the pathogenicity and pathological changes caused by E. anguillarum infection in a tilapia farm located in the Costa Rica. To the best of our knowledge, as ours is the first report of E. anguillarum infection in a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farm located in an Asian country, the pathogenicity of the bacterial strain was histopathologically compared to that of the past studies. As tilapia is one of the most globally consumed fish species, particularly throughout Asia, Europe, and America, an epidemiological study regarding the disease distribution is necessary for the control and prevention of the disease. Here, we report the first mass mortality case caused by E. anguillarum infection in a Nile tilapia farm located in Korea; the bacterial strain responsible was isolated, characterized, and pathologically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Griffin MJ, Petty BD, Ware C, Fogelson SB. Recovery and confirmation of Edwardsiella piscicida from a black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1457-1461. [PMID: 31309579 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi
| | - B Denise Petty
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, Florida
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi
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Wang X, Li J, Cao X, Wang W, Luo Y. Isolation, identification and characterisation of an emerging fish pathogen, Acinetobacter pittii, from diseased loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:21-32. [PMID: 31432291 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although members of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens causing severe human infections, there are few reports about their occurrence as fish pathogens. In this study, five bacterial strains were isolated from diseased loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) cultured in a farm in China. The diseased loach displayed shedding of skin mucus and many petechial haemorrhages all over the body. Based on sequence analyses of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, the isolates were identified as Acinetobacter pittii. An experimental infection assay confirmed their pathogenicity to loach. The results of artificial infection in zebrafish (Barchydanio rerio) and nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) suggested that, as well as loach, these A. pittii isolates are pathogenic and highly virulent to these organisms. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to sequence type (ST) 839, which may be the dominant clone causing fish disease and exhibits a close phylogenetic relationship with ST396 from human clinical samples in Korea or Taiwan China. This is the first report demonstrating that A. pittii is an emerging causal agent of mass mortality in loach and poses significant risks to fish culturing besides causing human clinical infection worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Isla A, Saldarriaga-Córdoba M, Fuentes DE, Albornoz R, Haussmann D, Mancilla-Schulz J, Martínez A, Figueroa J, Avendaño-Herrera R, Yáñez A. Multilocus sequence typing detects new Piscirickettsia salmonis hybrid genogroup in Chilean fish farms: Evidence for genetic diversity and population structure. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:721-737. [PMID: 30851000 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic-resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty-two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF-89T , were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF-89T and EM-90 strains, as well as a seven-isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Isla
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derie E Fuentes
- Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Albornoz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Denise Haussmann
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | - Jaime Figueroa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Alejandro Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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Katharios P, Kalatzis PG, Kokkari C, Pavlidis M, Wang Q. Characterization of a Highly Virulent Edwardsiella anguillarum Strain Isolated From Greek Aquaculture, and a Spontaneously Induced Prophage Therein. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30787917 PMCID: PMC6372524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella-associated outbreaks are increasingly reported on both marine and freshwater aquaculture setups, accounting for severe financial and biomass losses. E. tarda, E. ictaluri, and E. hoshinae have been the traditional causative agents of edwardsiellosis in aquaculture, however, intensive studies due to the significance of the disease have just recently revealed two more species, E. piscicida and E. anguillarum. Whole genome sequencing that was conducted on the strain EA011113, isolated from farmed Diplodus puntazzo after an edwardsiellosis outbreak in Greece, confirmed it as a new clinical strain of E. anguillarum. Extensive phylogenetic analysis showed that this Greek strain is closely related to an Israeli E. piscicida-like clinical strain, isolated from diseased groupers, Epinephelus aeneus and E. marginatus in Red Sea. Bioinformatic analyses of E. anguillarum strain EA011113 unveiled a wide repertoire of potential virulence factors, the effect of which was corroborated by the mortalities that the strain induced in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio, under different levels of infection intensity (LD50 after 48 h: 1.85 × 104 cfu/fish). This strain was non-motile and according to electron microscopy lacked flagella, a fact that is not typical for E. anguillarum. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a deletion of 36 nt found in the flagellar biosynthetic gene (FlhB) that could explain that trait. Further in silico analysis revealed an intact prophage that was integrated in the bacterial genome. Following spontaneous induction, the phage was isolated, purified, characterized and independently sequenced, confirming its viability as a free, inducible virion as well. Separate genomic analysis of the prophage implies a plausible case of lysogenic conversion. Focusing on edwardsiellosis as a rapidly emerging aquaculture disease on a global scale, this work offers some insight into the virulence, fitness, and potential lysogenic conversion of a of a newly described, yet highly pathogenic, strain of E. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panos G. Kalatzis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Constantina Kokkari
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
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11
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Guo S, Hu L, Feng J, Lin P, He L, Yan Q. Immunogenicity of a bivalent protein as a vaccine against Edwardsiella anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00766. [PMID: 30444580 PMCID: PMC6562130 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The OMPs A (OmpA)—of Edwardsiella anguillarum and OmpU of V. vulnificus have been proven to be good antigens. In this study, after construction of a vector, a new recombinant Omp (rOMP) containing both OmpA and OmpU was expressed and purified. Then, the Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with the phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS group), formalin‐killed‐cell (FKC group) or the recombinant Omp (rOMP group). The stimulation index of the whole blood cells in eels from FKC group was significantly higher than the eels from PBS and rOMP groups at 28 dpi; serum titers of anti‐E. anguillarum and anti‐V. vulnificus antibody of eels from FKC and rOMP group increased significantly at 21 and 28 dpi; in the rOMP group, eels serum titer stayed at a high level on 42 dpi. The activities of lysozyme in skin mucus, liver, kidney, and serum in three groups exhibited considerable changes. The relative percent survival (RPS) rate of eels from rOMP group were 100% and 83% when challenged with V. vulnificus or E. anguillarum. These results indicated that inoculation of rOMP would protect Japanese eels against the infection by E. anguillarum and V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Guo
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Le He
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, China
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12
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Esteve C, Alcaide E. Seasonal recovery of Edwardsiella piscicida from wild European eels and natural waters: Isolation methods, virulence and reservoirs. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1613-1623. [PMID: 30039873 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 127 wild eels caught in the L'Albufera Lake (Spain) and 24 samples of lagoon freshwater were analysed for 1-year period. Edwardsiella strains were isolated from liver/kidney on TSA-1 plates in 31.9% of total diseased specimens, and the edwardsiellosis prevalence in the fishery was of 11.8%. The use of double-strength Salmonella-Shigella (DSSS) broth and SS agar yielded Edwardsiella isolation from intestine in 100% of those edwardsiellosis-diseased eels, but also in 40.4% of other sick fish with vibriosis or aeromonosis and in 28.8% of healthy eels, as well as from freshwater in 8.3% of samples. Pure cultures were isolated on SS agar from the former, but motile Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Hafnia alvei were recovered along with Edwardsiella in the other samples. Edwardsiella isolates identification at species level revealed that E. piscicida was distributed between wild eels and freshwater but E. tarda only did in freshwater. All E. piscicida strains were virulent for eels (LD < 1.0 × 106 CFU/fish) but that of E. tarda was not. This is the first report of E. piscicida in wild eel intestines and natural freshwater, highlighting its role as potential reservoirs for the bacterium. A seasonal recovery was found for E. piscicida at water temperature above 20°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Esteve
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Alcaide
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Buján N, Toranzo AE, Magariños B. Edwardsiella piscicida: a significant bacterial pathogen of cultured fish. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 131:59-71. [PMID: 30324915 DOI: 10.3354/dao03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida, a Gram-negative, facultative aerobic pathogen belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the etiological agent of edwardsiellosis in fish and a significant problem in global aquaculture. E. piscicida has been reported from a broad geographical range and has been isolated from more than 20 fish host species to date, but this is likely to be an underestimation, because misidentification of E. piscicida as other species within the genus remains to be resolved. Common clinical signs associated with edwardsiellosis include, but are not limited to, exophthalmia, haemorrhages of the skin and in several internal organs, mild to moderate dermal ulcerations, abdominal distension, discoloration in the fish surface, and erratic swimming. Many antibiotics are currently effective against E. piscicida, although legal restrictions and the cost of medicated feeds have encouraged significant research investment in vaccination for the management of edwardsiellosis in commercial aquaculture. Here we summarise the current understanding of E. piscicida and highlight the difficulties with species assignment and the need for further research on epidemiology and strain variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-Edif, CIBUS, and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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14
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Wamala SP, Mugimba KK, Dubey S, Takele A, Munang'andu HM, Evensen Ø, Mutoloki S, Byarugaba DK, Sørum H. Multilocus sequence analysis revealed a high genotypic diversity of Aeromonas hydrophila infecting fish in Uganda. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1589-1600. [PMID: 30074242 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was carried out to delineate Aeromonas hydrophila from fish in Uganda. Five housekeeping genes including recA, gyrB, metG, gltA and pps; and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced from a total of nine A. hydrophila isolates. The obtained sequences were edited, and consensus sequences generated for each gene locus. The housekeeping gene sequences were concatenated and phylogenetic analysis performed in MEGA version 7.0.2. Pairwise distances ranged from 0.000 to 0.118, highest within the gltA gene locus and lowest within the 16S rRNA gene. The average evolutionary diversity within isolates from the same source ranged between 0.002 and 0.037, and it was 0.033 between the different sources. Similar tree topologies were obtained from the different gene loci with recA, metG and gyrB being more consistent in discriminating isolates according to sources while the 16S rRNA gene had the lowest resolution. The concatenated tree had the highest discriminatory power. This study revealed that A. hydrophila strains infecting fish in Uganda are of diverse genotypes suggesting different sources of infection in a given outbreak. Efforts to minimize spread of the bacteria across sources should be emphasized to control infections of mixed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Posian Wamala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito Kahoza Mugimba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Saurabh Dubey
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abayneh Takele
- National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Karuhize Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henning Sørum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Buján N, Balboa S, L Romalde J, E Toranzo A, Magariños B. Population genetic and evolution analysis of controversial genus Edwardsiella by multilocus sequence typing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:513-521. [PMID: 29751087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, the genus Edwardsiella compiles five species: E. tarda, E. hoshinae, E. ictaluri, E. piscicida and E. anguillarum. Some species of this genus such us E. ictaluri and E. piscicida are important pathogens of numerous fish species. With the description of the two latter species, the phylogeny of Edwardsiella became more complicated. With the aim to clarify the relationships among all species in the genus, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach was developed and applied to characterize 56 isolates and 6 reference strains belonging to the five Edwardsiella species. Moreover, several analyses based on the MLST scheme were performed to investigate the evolution within the genus, as well as the influence of recombination and mutation in the speciation. Edwardsiella isolates presented a high genetic variability reflected in the fourteen sequence types (ST) represented by a single isolates out of eighteen total ST. Mutation events were considerably more frequent than recombination, although both approximately equal influenced the genetic diversification. However, the speciation among species occurred mostly by recombination. Edwardsiella genus displays a non-clonal population structure with some degree of geographical isolation followed by a population expansion of E. piscicida. A database from this study was created and hosted on pubmlst.org (http://pubmlst.org/edwardsiella/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Killer J, Mekadim C, Pechar R, Bunešová V, Mrázek J, Vlková E. Gene encoding the CTP synthetase as an appropriate molecular tool for identification and phylogenetic study of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00579. [PMID: 29356451 PMCID: PMC6079163 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative molecular marker with respect to the 16S rRNA gene demonstrating better identification and phylogenetic parameters has not been designed for the whole Bifidobacteriaceae family, which includes the genus Bifidobacterium and scardovial genera. Therefore, the aim of the study was to find such a gene in available genomic sequences, suggest appropriate means and conditions for asmplification and sequencing of the desired region of the selected gene in various strains of the bacterial family and verify the importance in classification and phylogeny. Specific primers flanking the variable region (~800 pb) within the pyrG gene encoding the CTP synthetase were designed by means of gene sequences retrieved from the genomes of strains belonging to the family Bifidobacteriaceae. The functionality and specificity of the primers were subsequently tested on the wild (7) and type strains of bifidobacteria (36) and scardovia (7). Comparative and phylogenetic studies based on obtained sequences revealed actual significance in classification and phylogeny of the Bifidobacteriaceae family. Gene statistics (percentages of mean sequence similarities and identical sites, mean number of nucleotide differences, P- and K-distances) and phylogenetic analyses (congruence between tree topologies, percentages of bootstrap values >50 and 70%) indicate that the pyrG gene represents an alternative identification and phylogenetic marker exhibiting higher discriminatory power among strains, (sub)species, and genera than the 16S rRNA gene. Sequences of the particular gene fragment, simply achieved through specific primers, enable more precisely to classify and evaluate phylogeny of the family Bifidobacteriaceae including, with some exceptions, health-promoting probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Killer
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4 - Krč, Czechia.,Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Chahrazed Mekadim
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Radko Pechar
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Věra Bunešová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4 - Krč, Czechia
| | - Eva Vlková
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
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17
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Reichley SR, Ware C, Steadman J, Gaunt PS, García JC, LaFrentz BR, Thachil A, Waldbieser GC, Stine CB, Buján N, Arias CR, Loch T, Welch TJ, Cipriano RC, Greenway TE, Khoo LH, Wise DJ, Lawrence ML, Griffin MJ. Comparative Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Edwardsiella Isolates from Different Hosts and Geographic Origins, with Emphasis on Isolates Formerly Classified as E. tarda, and Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3466-3491. [PMID: 28978684 PMCID: PMC5703813 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00970-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella spp. are responsible for significant losses in important wild and cultured fish species worldwide. Recent phylogenomic investigations have determined that bacteria historically classified as Edwardsiella tarda actually represent three genetically distinct yet phenotypically ambiguous taxa with various degrees of pathogenicity in different hosts. Previous recognition of these taxa was hampered by the lack of a distinguishing phenotypic character. Commercial test panel configurations are relatively constant over time, and as new species are defined, appropriate discriminatory tests may not be present in current test panel arrangements. While phenobiochemical tests fail to discriminate between these taxa, data presented here revealed discriminatory peaks for each Edwardsiella species using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) methodology, suggesting that MALDI-TOF can offer rapid, reliable identification in line with current systematic classifications. Furthermore, a multiplex PCR assay was validated for rapid molecular differentiation of the Edwardsiella spp. affecting fish. Moreover, the limitations of relying on partial 16S rRNA for discrimination of Edwardsiella spp. and advantages of employing alternative single-copy genes gyrB and sodB for molecular identification and classification of Edwardsiella were demonstrated. Last, sodB sequencing confirmed that isolates previously defined as typical motile fish-pathogenic E. tarda are synonymous with Edwardsiella piscicida, while atypical nonmotile fish-pathogenic E. tarda isolates are equivalent to Edwardsiella anguillarum Fish-nonpathogenic E. tarda isolates are consistent with E. tarda as it is currently defined. These analyses help deconvolute the scientific literature regarding these organisms and provide baseline information to better facilitate proper taxonomic assignment and minimize erroneous identifications of Edwardsiella isolates in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reichley
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - James Steadman
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Patricia S Gaunt
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Julio C García
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Benjamin R LaFrentz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anil Thachil
- Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Waldbieser
- USDA-ARS Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cynthia B Stine
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Cova R Arias
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rocco C Cipriano
- USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Terrence E Greenway
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lester H Khoo
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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18
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Buján N, Mohammed H, Balboa S, Romalde JL, Toranzo AE, Arias CR, Magariños B. Genetic studies to re-affiliate Edwardsiella tarda fish isolates to Edwardsiella piscicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 41:30-37. [PMID: 29150173 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Until 2012, the genus Edwardsiella was composed by three species Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella hoshinae and Edwardsiella ictaluri. In 2013, Edwardsiella piscicida, compiling fish pathogenic strains previously identified as E. tarda was described, and more recently a new species isolated from diseased eel was reported, namely Edwardsiella anguillarum. The incorporation of these species into the genus makes necessary a revision of the taxonomic position of the isolates previously identified as E. tarda. Using AFLP technique, MLSA studies and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, 46 of 49 E. tarda isolates were re-assigned as E. piscicida and 2 as E. anguillarum, whereas it was confirmed previous classification of the Edwardsiella types and reference strains used. The study of the taxonomic resolution of the genes 16S rRNA, adk, atpD, dnaJ, glnA, hsp60, tuf as well as the possible combinations among housekeeping genes, showed that the gene dnaJ was the more resolutive. In conclusion, the use of molecular techniques is necessary to accurately identify Edwardsiella isolates, especially when differentiating new species from E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Haitham Mohammed
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, SFAAS, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Alicia E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Cova R Arias
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, SFAAS, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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19
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Hata H, Natori T, Mizuno T, Kanazawa I, Eldesouky I, Hayashi M, Miyata M, Fukunaga H, Ohji S, Hosoyama A, Aono E, Yamazoe A, Tsuchikane K, Fujita N, Ezaki T. Phylogenetics of family Enterobacteriaceae and proposal to reclassify Escherichia hermannii and Salmonella subterranea as Atlantibacter hermannii and Atlantibacter subterranea gen. nov., comb. nov. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:303-11. [PMID: 26970508 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus sequence analysis based on hypervariable housekeeping proteins was utilized to differentiate closely related species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Of 150 housekeeping proteins, the top 10 hypervariable proteins were selected and concatenated to obtain distance data. Distances between concatenated proteins within the family were 0.9-41.2%, whereas the 16S rRNA and atpD-gyrB-infB-rpoB concatenated sequence (4MLSA) distances were 0.8-6.0% and 0.9-22.1%, respectively. These data indicate that phylogenetic analysis by concatenation of hypervariable proteins is a powerful tool for discriminating species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. To confirm the discriminatory power of the 10 chosen concatenated hypervariable proteins (C10HKP), phylogenetic trees based on C10HKP, 4MLSA, and the 16S rRNA gene were constructed. Comparison of average bootstrap values among C10HKP, 4MLSA and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the C10HKP tree was the most reliable. Location via the C10HKP tree was consistent with existing assignments for almost all species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. However, the C10HKP tree suggested that several species (including Enterobacter massiliensis, Escherichia vulneris, Escherichia hermannii, and Salmonella subterranea) should be reassigned to different clusters than those defined in previous analyses. Furthermore, E. hermannii and S. subterranea appeared to fall onto a branch independent from those occupied by the other Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, we propose Atlantibacter gen. nov., such that E. hermannii and S. subterranea would be transferred to genus Atlantibacter as Atlantibacter hermannii, comb. nov. and Atlantibacter subterranea. comb. nov., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hata
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Natori
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Izumi Kanazawa
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ibrahim Eldesouky
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194
| | - Machiko Miyata
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hajime Fukunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shoko Ohji
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Hosoyama
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Eiji Aono
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamazoe
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuchikane
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ezaki
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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Camus A, Dill J, McDermott A, Hatcher N, Griffin M. Edwardsiella piscicida-associated septicaemia in a blotched fantail stingray Taeniura meyeni (Müeller & Henle). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1125-1131. [PMID: 26850591 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J Dill
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A McDermott
- Animal Health Department, Georgia Aquarium, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Hatcher
- Animal Health Department, Georgia Aquarium, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
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Griffin MJ, Reichley SR, Greenway TE, Quiniou SM, Ware C, Gao DX, Gaunt PS, Yanong RPE, Pouder DB, Hawke JP, Soto E. Comparison of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from different hosts and geographic origins. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:947-69. [PMID: 26661707 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The intraspecific variability of E. ictaluri isolates from different origins was investigated. Isolates were recovered from farm-raised catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Mississippi, USA, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in the Western Hemisphere and zebrafish (Danio rerio) propagated in Florida, USA. These isolates were phenotypically homologous and antimicrobial profiles were largely similar. Genetically, isolates possessed differences that could be exploited by repetitive-sequence-mediated PCR and gyrB sequence, which identified three distinct E. ictaluri genotypes: one associated with catfish, one from tilapia and a third from zebrafish. Plasmid profiles were also group specific and correlated with rep-PCR and gyrB sequences. The catfish isolates possessed profiles typical of those described for E. ictaluri isolates; however, plasmids from the zebrafish and tilapia isolates differed in both composition and arrangement. Furthermore, some zebrafish and tilapia isolates were PCR negative for several E. ictaluri virulence factors. Isolates were serologically heterogenous, as serum from a channel catfish exposed to a catfish isolate had reduced antibody activity to tilapia and zebrafish isolates. This work identifies three genetically distinct strains of E. ictaluri from different origins using rep-PCR, 16S, gyrB and plasmid sequencing, in addition to antimicrobial and serological profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - S R Reichley
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - T E Greenway
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - S M Quiniou
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - C Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - D X Gao
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - P S Gaunt
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - R P E Yanong
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, FL, USA
| | - D B Pouder
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, FL, USA
| | - J P Hawke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E Soto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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22
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Fogelson SB, Petty BD, Reichley SR, Ware C, Bowser PR, Crim MJ, Getchell RG, Sams KL, Marquis H, Griffin MJ. Histologic and molecular characterization of Edwardsiella piscicida infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:338-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716637639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella is composed of a diverse group of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that can produce disease in a wide variety of hosts, including birds, reptiles, mammals, and fish. Our report describes the isolation and identification of Edwardsiella piscicida associated with chronic mortality events in 2 separate captive largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) populations in New York and Florida. Wet-mount biopsies of skin mucus, gill, kidney, and spleen from several affected largemouth bass contained significant numbers of motile bacteria. Histologic examination revealed multifocal areas of necrosis scattered throughout the heart, liver, anterior kidney, posterior kidney, and spleen. Many of the necrotic foci were encapsulated or replaced by discrete granulomas and associated with colonies of gram-negative bacteria. Initial phenotypic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometric analysis against existing spectral databases of recovered isolates identified these bacteria as Edwardsiella tarda. Subsequent molecular analysis using repetitive sequence mediated and species-specific PCR, as well as 16S rRNA, rpoB, and gyrB sequences, classified these isolates as E. piscicida. As a newly designated taxon, E. piscicida should be considered as a differential for multiorgan necrosis and granulomas in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Fogelson
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Barbara D. Petty
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Stephen R. Reichley
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Paul R. Bowser
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Marcus J. Crim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Rodman G. Getchell
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Kelly L. Sams
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Hélène Marquis
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
| | - Matt J. Griffin
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Fogelson)
- North Florida Aquatic Veterinary Services, Fort White, FL (Petty)
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS (Reichley, Ware, Griffin)
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Bowser, Getchell, Sams, Marquis)
- IDEXX BioResearch, Columbia, MO (Crim)
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23
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Guo C, Peng B, Song M, Wu CW, Yang MJ, Zhang JY, Li H. Live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine enhances innate immunity by metabolic modulation in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:664-673. [PMID: 26394266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Control of bacterial infection resides in the core of human health and sustainable animal breeding. Vaccines as an economic and efficient immunoprophylaxis have been widely accepted, but mechanisms for vaccines do not fully understand. Information regarding to metabolome in response to vaccines is not available. Here we explore the metabolic features by using GC/MS based metabolic profile and trace metabolic mechanisms in zebrafish (Dario rerio) in response to live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine. Pathway enrichment analysis shows that live vaccine activates biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the TCA cycle and reduces aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, suggesting a metabolic characteristic feature in response to the live vaccine. We further demonstrate that hydroxyl radical is limited during stimulation. Finally, we reveal oleate induces effective protection against E. tarda infection. These results have implications for immunity study that metabolic regulation contributes to immune protection. Our findings enable us to propose novel therapeutic strategies on metabolism against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chang-wen Wu
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Man-jun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Complete Genome Sequence of an Edwardsiella piscicida-Like Species, Recovered from Tilapia in the United States. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01004-15. [PMID: 26337892 PMCID: PMC4559741 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01004-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An Edwardsiella piscicida-like species is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that causes disease in some fish species. In this report, we present the complete and annotated genome of isolate LADL05-105, recovered from cultured tilapia reared in Louisiana, which contains a chromosome of 4,142,037 bp and no plasmids.
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25
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Complete Genome Sequence of an Edwardsiella piscicida-Like Species Isolated from Diseased Grouper in Israel. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015. [PMID: 26205870 PMCID: PMC4513164 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00829-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Edwardsiella piscicida-like sp. is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that causes disease in some fish species. We report here the complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate from a diseased white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) raised on the Red Sea in Israel, which contains a chromosome of 3,934,167 bp and no plasmids.
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Apablaza P, Brevik ØJ, Mjøs S, Valdebenito S, Ilardi P, Battaglia J, Dalsgaard I, Nylund A. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from salmonids in Chile and Norway. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:150. [PMID: 26168788 PMCID: PMC4501049 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes serious fish diseases such RTFS and BCWD, affecting the aquaculture industry worldwide. Commercial vaccines are not available and control of the disease depends on the use of antibiotics. Reliable methods for detection and identification of different isolates of this bacterium could play an important role in the development of good management strategies. The aim of this study was to identify genetic markers for discrimination between isolates. A selection of eight VNTRs from 53 F. psychrophilum isolates from Norway, Chile, Denmark and Scotland were analyzed. The results were compared with previous work on the same pathogen using MLST for genetic differentiation. Results The VNTR analysis gave a separation between the F. psychrophilum isolates supporting the results of previous MLST work. A higher diversity was found among the Chilean isolates compared to those from Norway, which suggests a more homogenous reservoir in Norway. Transgenerational transmission of F. psychrophilum from other countries, exporting salmon embryos to Chile, may explain the differences in diversity. The same transmission mechanisms could also explain the wide geographical distribution of identical isolates in Norway. But, this could also be a result of movement of smolts and embryos. The selected VNTRs are stable genetic markers and no variation was observed after several passages on agar plates at different temperatures. Conclusions These VNTRs are important additions for genotyping of F. psychrophilum isolates. Future studies on VNTRs of F. psychrophilum should include isolates from more host species from a wider geographical area. To get a more robust genotyping the VNTRs should be used in concert with MLST. Future studies of isolates with high and low virulence should focus on identifying virulence markers using VTNRs and MLST. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0469-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Apablaza
- Fish Diseases Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øyvind J Brevik
- Fish Diseases Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Svein Mjøs
- Nofima, Kjerreidviken 16, 5141, Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Pedro Ilardi
- Veterquímica, Camino Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Battaglia
- Veterquímica, Camino Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Are Nylund
- Fish Diseases Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
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27
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Shao S, Lai Q, Liu Q, Wu H, Xiao J, Shao Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Phylogenomics characterization of a highly virulent Edwardsiella strain ET080813T encoding two distinct T3SS and three T6SS gene clusters: Propose a novel species as Edwardsiella anguillarum sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Reichley SR, Ware C, Greenway TE, Wise DJ, Griffin MJ. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and quantification of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella piscicida-like species in catfish tissues and pond water. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:130-9. [PMID: 25613040 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714566672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have proposed the adoption of 3 distinct genetic taxa among bacteria previously classified as Edwardsiella tarda; namely E. tarda, E. piscicida, and a taxon presently termed E. piscicida-like. Individual real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed, based on published primers, for E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. piscicida-like sp. to provide rapid quantitative confirmatory tests for these phenotypically ambiguous bacteria. The qPCR assays were shown to be repeatable and reproducible, with high degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Each assay showed a linear dynamic range covering 8 orders of magnitude and a sensitivity limit of 5 copies of target DNA in a 15-µL reaction. In addition, each assay was found specific to their respective targets with no observed amplification from nontarget organisms, including the closely related E. ictaluri and E. hoshinae. Under the conditions used in this study, the 3 assays had a quantifiable limit ranging from 10(3) (E. piscicida) to 10(2) (E. piscicida-like and E. tarda) colony forming units in kidney tissue biopsies (approximately 25 mg), pond water samples (35 mL), and broth culture (20 μL). In experimental challenges, the assays were able to detect their respective targets in both clinically and subclinically infected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings. In addition to quantifying target bacteria from various substrates, the assays provide rapid identification, differentiation, and confirmation of the phenotypically indistinguishable E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. piscicida-like sp., a valuable tool for diagnostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reichley
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine (Reichley, Ware, Griffin), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MSThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (Greenway and Wise), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine (Reichley, Ware, Griffin), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MSThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (Greenway and Wise), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
| | - Terrence E Greenway
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine (Reichley, Ware, Griffin), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MSThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (Greenway and Wise), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine (Reichley, Ware, Griffin), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MSThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (Greenway and Wise), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine (Reichley, Ware, Griffin), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MSThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (Greenway and Wise), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
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Abayneh T, Colquhoun DJ, Austin D, Sørum H. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Edwardsiella piscicida isolates pathogenic to fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:941-948. [PMID: 24749655 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) based on six variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci for genotyping of 37 Edwardsiella piscicida (previously Edwardsiella tarda) isolates from multiple sources. The number of alleles identified for each of the six VNTR loci ranged from 3 to 5 with VNTR loci 1 (DI = 0.632) and 3 (DI = 0.644), displaying the highest degrees of polymorphism. MLVA typing of the 37 E. piscicida isolates resulted in the identification of five major clusters consistent with their geographical origins, and were designated as MLVA types I, II, III, IV and V. Types III and V were resolved further into subtypes largely consistent with outbreak source. An MLVA profile comprising a string of integers representing the number of tandem repeats for each allele provided a unique identification for each MLVA type and/or strain. The MLVA protocol described in the current study is robust, relatively simple, has a higher power of resolution than multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and is capable of discriminating closely related isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abayneh
- Section for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-zeit, Ethiopia
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Gauthier DT. Bacterial zoonoses of fishes: a review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections. Vet J 2014; 203:27-35. [PMID: 25466575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. Whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. In order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisheries and ornamental aquaria, it is important to critically examine evidence of linkages between bacteria infecting fishes and humans. This article reviews bacteria typically presented as fish-borne zoonoses, and examines the current strength of evidence for this classification. Of bacteria generally described as fish-borne zoonoses, only Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio vulnificus appear to be well-supported as zoonoses in the strict sense. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, while transmissible from fishes to humans, does not cause disease in fishes and is therefore excluded from the list. Some epidemiological and/or molecular linkages have been made between other bacteria infecting both fishes and humans, but more work is needed to elucidate routes of transmission and the identity of these pathogens in their respective hosts at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
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Griffin MJ, Ware C, Quiniou SM, Steadman JM, Gaunt PS, Khoo LH, Soto E. Edwardsiella piscicida identified in the Southeastern USA by gyrB sequence, species-specific and repetitive sequence-mediated PCR. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:23-35. [PMID: 24492051 DOI: 10.3354/dao02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new Edwardsiella taxon was recently described from fishes of Europe and Asia. Phenotypically similar to E. tarda, extensive genetic and phenotypic characterization determined this new strain does not belong to any established Edwardsiella taxa, leading to the adoption of a new taxon, E. piscicida. Concurrent research in the USA also identified 2 genetically distinct taxa within the group of organisms traditionally classified as E. tarda. Comparisons of gyrB sequences between US isolates and E. piscicida from Europe and Asia identified several US isolates with >99.6% similarity to the gyrB sequence of the E. piscicida type strain (ET883) but <87% similarity to the E. tarda type strain (ATCC #15947). A discriminatory PCR was developed for the identification of E. tarda and 2 genetic variants of E. piscicida (E. piscicida and E. piscicida-like species). Using these PCR assays, a survey was conducted of 44 archived bacterial specimens from disease case submissions to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (Stoneville, MS, USA) between 2007 and 2012. All 44 isolates, originally identified phenotypically and biochemically as E. tarda, were identified as E. piscicida by PCR. Repetitive sequence-mediated PCR (rep-PCR) analysis of these archived specimens suggests they are largely homogenous, similar to what has been observed for E. ictaluri. The gyrB sequence data, coupled with the E. piscicida specific-PCR and rep-PCR data, confirms that E. piscicida has been isolated from fish disease cases in the southeastern USA. Moreover, our survey data suggests E. piscicida may be more prevalent in catfish aquaculture than E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Griffin
- Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 197, 127 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA
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Kim K, Kang J, Park J, Joh S, Lee H, Kwon Y. Phenotypic traits, virulence-associated gene profile and genetic relatedness of Edwardsiella tarda
isolates from Japanese eel Anguilla japonica
in Korea. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:168-76. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.I. Kim
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
| | - J.Y. Kang
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
| | - J.Y. Park
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
| | - S.J. Joh
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
| | - H.S. Lee
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Y.K. Kwon
- Avian Disease Division; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Korea
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Multilocus sequence analysis provides insights into molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia pecorum infections in Australian sheep, cattle, and koalas. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2625-32. [PMID: 23740730 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00992-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pecorum is a significant pathogen of domestic livestock and wildlife. We have developed a C. pecorum-specific multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme to examine the genetic diversity of and relationships between Australian sheep, cattle, and koala isolates. An MLSA of seven concatenated housekeeping gene fragments was performed using 35 isolates, including 18 livestock isolates (11 Australian sheep, one Australian cow, and six U.S. livestock isolates) and 17 Australian koala isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the koala isolates formed a distinct clade, with limited clustering with C. pecorum isolates from Australian sheep. We identified 11 MLSA sequence types (STs) among Australian C. pecorum isolates, 10 of them novel, with koala and sheep sharing at least one identical ST (designated ST2013Aa). ST23, previously identified in global C. pecorum livestock isolates, was observed here in a subset of Australian bovine and sheep isolates. Most notably, ST23 was found in association with multiple disease states and hosts, providing insights into the transmission of this pathogen between livestock hosts. The complexity of the epidemiology of this disease was further highlighted by the observation that at least two examples of sheep were infected with different C. pecorum STs in the eyes and gastrointestinal tract. We have demonstrated the feasibility of our MLSA scheme for understanding the host relationship that exists between Australian C. pecorum strains and provide the first molecular epidemiological data on infections in Australian livestock hosts.
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Abayneh T, Colquhoun D, Sørum H. Edwardsiella piscicida
sp. nov.,
a novel species pathogenic to fish. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:644-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Abayneh
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section for Microbiology and Immunology; Norwegian School of Veterinary Science; Oslo Norway
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture; Addis Ababa University; Debre-zeit Ethiopia
| | | | - H. Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section for Microbiology and Immunology; Norwegian School of Veterinary Science; Oslo Norway
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