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Saeed U, Ali S, Khan TM, El-Adawy H, Melzer F, Khan AU, Iftikhar A, Neubauer H. Seroepidemiology and the Molecular Detection of Animal Brucellosis in Punjab, Pakistan. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100449. [PMID: 31614956 PMCID: PMC6843438 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.), affecting both animals and humans, causing severe economic loses and severe illness, respectively. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors associated with caprine, ovine, and bovine brucellosis in selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1083 blood samples were randomly collected from animals (goats = 440, sheep = 203, cows = 206, and buffaloes = 234). Questionnaires were used to collect data on risk factors associated with brucellosis on the sampling day. All samples were initially screened for anti-Brucella antibodies using the rose bengal plate test (RBPT). The seropositive serum samples were confirmed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of the Brucella genus- and Brucella species-specific DNA (B. abortus and B. melitensis). Univariant and binary logistic regression were used to identify important risk factors of brucellosis. Anti-Brucella antibodies and DNA were detected in 35 (3.23%) serum samples. Thirty-four (97.1%) DNA samples were confirmed as B. melitensis by qRT-PCR. Abortion history and natural mating were found to be potential risk factors. Brucella melitensis was identified as the causative agent of caprine, ovine, and bovine brucellosis in the selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Diseased animals may act as a source of infection for other animals. The elimination of positive seroreactors, development of control strategies for brucellosis, and education programs regarding the control of zoonotic disease are highly needed in developing countries like Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Saeed
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Mahmood Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty Medicine of Veterinary, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt.
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan.
| | - Anam Iftikhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Wang Z, Wang SS, Wang GL, Wu TL, Lv YL, Wu QM. A pregnant mouse model for the vertical transmission of Brucella melitensis. Vet J 2013; 200:116-21. [PMID: 24462801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abortion is the major clinical sign of brucellosis in animals but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate a pregnant mouse model for the vertical transmission of Brucella melitensis using four infectious doses: 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU), 10(4) CFU, 10(5) CFU, and 10(6) CFU. During the experimental period, no instances of abortion were recorded, but stillbirths were observed in the groups infected with doses of 10(4) CFU and higher. Regardless of whether the fetuses were stillborn or alive, transmission of bacteria to the fetus and bacterial replication in the cytoplasm of placental trophoblast giant cells were detected. A higher degree of bacterial colonization was found in the placenta than in the spleen or fetus. Doses of 10(5) CFU of B. melitensis or higher produced a severe, necrotizing placentitis similar to the pathological damage observed in ruminants. The data suggest that experimental murine brucellosis resembles ruminant brucellosis and represents a potential model for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S S Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - G L Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - T L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y L Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Q M Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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