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High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020207. [PMID: 32059508 PMCID: PMC7077297 DOI: 10.3390/v12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Europe, and only proviral genomic sequences are available. Sequences from Brazilian EIAV are currently available only for gag and LTR regions. Thus, the present study aimed for the first time to sequence the entire EIAV genomic RNA in naturally infected horses from an endemic area in Brazil. RNA in plasma from naturally infected horses was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and gaps were filled using Sanger sequencing methodology. Complete viral genomes of EIAV from two horses were obtained and annotated (Access Number: MN560970 and MN560971). Putative genes were analyzed and compared with previously described genes, showing conservation in gag and pol genes and high variations in LTR and env sequences. Amino acid changes were identified in the p26 protein, one of the most common targets used for diagnosis, and p26 molecular modelling showed surface amino acid alterations in some epitopes. Brazilian genome sequences presented 88.6% nucleotide identity with one another and 75.8 to 77.3% with main field strains, such as EIAV Liaoning, Wyoming, Ireland, and Italy isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that this Brazilian strain comprises a separate monophyletic group. These results may help to better characterize EIAV and to overcome the challenges of diagnosing and controlling EIA in endemic regions.
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Cursino AE, Vilela APP, Franco-Luiz APM, de Oliveira JG, Nogueira MF, Júnior JPA, de Aguiar DM, Kroon EG. Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2385-2394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sharav T, Konnai S, Ochirkhuu N, Ts EO, Mekata H, Sakoda Y, Umemura T, Murata S, Chultemdorj T, Ohashi K. Detection and molecular characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Mongolian horses. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1884-1888. [PMID: 29021424 PMCID: PMC5709569 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic characterization and actual prevalence of EIAV in Mongolian horse in the disease endemic region is currently unknown. Here, 11 of 776 horse serum samples from four Mongolian provinces tested positive on agar gel
immunodiffusion test. Genomic DNA extracted from all seropositive samples was subjected to nested PCR assay. Among these, three samples tested positive with nested PCR assay and were identified by sequencing analysis based on long
termination repeat and tat gene of the virus. Two of the three sequences were identical, with 94.0% identity with the third. These two independent Mongolian EIAV sequences were retained functional motifs, with no
dramatic changes but some variability in the U5 region; they were clustered with genotypes from European countries but not with those from China, U.S.A., or Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nyamsuren Ochirkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Erdene Ochir Ts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tungalag Chultemdorj
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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