1
|
Tan L, Li J, Duan Y, Liu J, Zheng S, Liang X, Fang C, Zuo M, Tian G, Yang Y. Current knowledge on the epidemiology and prevention of Avian leukosis virus in China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104009. [PMID: 39002365 PMCID: PMC11298916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an enveloped retrovirus with a single-stranded RNA genome, belonging to the genus Alpharetrovirus within the family Retroviridae. The disease (Avian leukosis, AL) caused by ALV is mainly characterized by tumor development and immunosuppression in chickens, which increases susceptibility to other pathogens and leads to significant economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry. The government and poultry industry have made lots of efforts to eradicate ALV, but the threat of which remains not vanished. This review provides a summary of the updated understanding of ALV in China, which mainly focuses on genetic and molecular biology, epidemiology, and diagnostic methods. Additionally, promising antiviral agents and ALV eradication strategies performed in China are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co. Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co. Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shiling Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Comparison of Endogenous Alpharetroviruses (ALV-like) across Galliform Species: New Distant Proviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 12:86. [PMID: 38257913 PMCID: PMC10820513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Genus Alpharetrovirus contains viruses pathogenic mainly for chickens, forming the Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus group (ASLV). Cells of most Galliform species, besides chickens, contain genetic elements (endogenous retroviruses, ERVs) that could recombine with other alpharetroviruses or express proteins, complementing defective ASLV, which may successfully replicate and cause disease. However, they are quite unknown, and only ALV-F, from ring-necked pheasants, has been partially published. Upon scrutiny of 53 genomes of different avian species, we found Alpharetrovirus-like sequences only in 12 different Galliformes, including six full-length (7.4-7.6 Kbp) and 27 partial sequences. Phylogenetic studies of the regions studied (LTR, gag, pol, and env) consistently resulted in five almost identical clades containing the same ERVs: Clade I (presently known ASLVs); Clade II (Callipepla spp. ERVs); Clade IIIa (Phasianus colchicus ERVs); Clade IIIb (Alectoris spp. ERVs); and Clade IV (Centrocercus spp. ERVs). The low pol identity scores suggested that each of these Clades may be considered a different species. ORF analysis revealed that putatively encoded proteins would be very similar in length and domains to those of other alpharetroviruses and thus potentially functional. This will undoubtedly contribute to better understanding the biology of defective viruses, especially in wild Galliformes, their evolution, and the danger they may represent for other wild species and the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Willis EE, Niedringhaus KD, Ballard JR, Nemeth NM. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1114-1116. [PMID: 34727083 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.07.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Mu X, Xu M, Zhu S, Xiao W, Shen X, Qin A. Geese not susceptible to virulent subgroup J avian leukosis virus isolated from chickens. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:29-35. [PMID: 31429308 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1657559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether geese are susceptible to infection by avian leukosis virus (ALV), 702 serum samples from domestic and foreign goose breeds were screened for p27 antigen as well as being inoculated into DF-1 cell cultures to isolate ALV. Although 5.7% of samples were positive for p27 antigen, reactivity appeared to be non-specific because no ALV was detected in the corresponding DF-1 cultures. To further determine whether geese are susceptible to ALV-J isolated from chickens, ALV-J strain JS09GY7 was artificially inoculated into 10-day-old goose embryos, with one-day-old hatched goslings then screened for p27 antigen and the presence of ALV. In all cases, the results of both tests were negative. Liver tissues from the 1-day-old goslings were screened using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, which failed to amplify ALV-J gene fragments from any of the samples. Further, no histopathological damage was observed in the liver tissues. ALV-J was further inoculated intraperitoneally into one-day-old goslings, with cloacal swabs samples and plasma samples then collected every 5 days for 30 days. All samples were again negative for the presence of p27 antigen and ALV, and liver tissues from the challenged geese showed no histopathological damage and were negative for the presence of ALV-J gene fragments. Furthermore, p27 antigen detection, PCR-based screening, and indirect immunofluorescence assays were all negative following the infection of goose embryo fibroblasts with ALV-J. Together, these results confirm that virulent chicken-derived ALV-J strains cannot infect geese, and that p27 antigen detection in goose serum is susceptible to non-specific interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Moru Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu X, Liu L, Han C, Li J, Zeng X. First findings of duck circovirus in migrating wild ducks in China. Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Zhu DK, Song XH, Wang JB, Zhou WS, Ou XM, Chen HX, Liu MF, Wang MS, Jia RY, Chen S, Sun KF, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen XY, Cheng AC. Outbreak of Avian Tuberculosis in Commercial Domestic Pekin Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Avian Dis 2017; 60:677-80. [PMID: 27610730 DOI: 10.1637/11396-021916-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian tuberculosis is a contagious disease affecting various domestic and wild bird species, and is caused by Mycobacterium avium . It is reported extremely rarely in commercial poultry flocks and has not been reported in commercial domestic ducks to date, with domestic ducks reported to be moderately resistant to M. avium infection. Here, we report the outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial Pekin duck ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica) flocks. Postmortem and histopathologic findings included nodules presenting in the visceral organs of ducks, and granulomas with central caseous necrosis surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. The M. avium pathogen was isolated and further identified by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR based on insert sequence IS901 and the 16S rRNA gene. We highlight that avian tuberculosis not only has economic significance for the duck industry, but also presents a potential zoonotic hazard to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Kang Zhu
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Heng Song
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Wang
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Shu Zhou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Ming Ou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Xi Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ma-Feng Liu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun-Feng Sun
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han C, Hao R, Liu L, Zeng X. Molecular characterization of 3'UTRs of J subgroup avian leukosis virus in passerine birds in China. Arch Virol 2015; 160:845-9. [PMID: 25577165 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection in passerine birds in China, 365 passerine birds collected from northeast China from 2011 to 2013 were tested, and two ALV-J strains were isolated from yellow-browed warbler and marsh tit. The 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of the two strains were amplified, cloned, and sequenced, with the results showing that the 3'UTRs of the two strains contained multiple mutations and deletions, which are similar to viral strains isolated from Chinese layer chickens. These results demonstrate the presence of ALV-J in passerine birds and reveal the molecular characteristics of the 3'UTRs of ALV-J from passerine birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Han
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26. Hexing Street, Harbin, 150040, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|