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Shan Q, Ma W, Li B, Li Q, Wang X, Li Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu N. Revealing the Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway Activation through K + Efflux Induced by PLO via Signal Point Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6703. [PMID: 38928408 PMCID: PMC11203744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic pathogenic bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Pyolysin (PLO) is a primary virulence factor of T. pyogenes and capable of lysing many different cells. PLO is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of which the primary structure only presents a low level of homology with other members from 31% to 45%. By deeply studying PLO, we can understand the overall pathogenic mechanism of CDC family proteins. This study established a mouse muscle tissue model infected with recombinant PLO (rPLO) and its single-point mutations, rPLO N139K and rPLO F240A, and explored its mechanism of causing inflammatory damage. The inflammatory injury abilities of rPLO N139K and rPLO F240A are significantly reduced compared to rPLO. This study elaborated on the inflammatory mechanism of PLO by examining its unit point mutations in detail. Our data also provide a theoretical basis and practical significance for future research on toxins and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (X.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bolin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (X.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (X.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (X.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.S.); (W.M.); (B.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (X.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Guo Y, Huang C, Su H, Zhang Z, Chen M, Wang R, Zhang D, Zhang L, Liu M. Luteolin increases susceptibility to macrolides by inhibiting MsrA efflux pump in Trueperella pyogenes. Vet Res 2022; 53:3. [PMID: 35012652 PMCID: PMC8744338 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases in many domestic animals. Therapeutic treatment options for T. pyogenes infections are becoming limited due to antimicrobial resistance, in which efflux pumps play an important role. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, on the MsrA efflux pump and investigate its mechanism. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that the susceptibility of msrA-positive T. pyogenes isolates to six macrolides increased after luteolin treatment, while the susceptibility of msrA-negative isolates showed no change after luteolin treatment. It is suspected that luteolin may increase the susceptibility of T. pyogenes isolates by inhibiting MsrA activity. After 1/2 MIC luteolin treatment for 36 h, the transcription level of the msrA gene and the expression level of the MsrA protein decreased by 55.0-97.7% and 36.5-71.5%, respectively. The results of an affinity test showed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of luteolin and MsrA was 6.462 × 10-5 M, and hydrogen bonding was predominant in the interaction of luteolin and MsrA. Luteolin may inhibit the ATPase activity of the MsrA protein, resulting in its lack of an energy source. The current study illustrates the effect of luteolin on MsrA in T. pyogenes isolates and provides insight into the development of luteolin as an innovative agent in combating infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Menghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Kwiecień E, Stefańska I, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Sałamaszyńska-Guz A, Rzewuska M. New Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance and Their Association with the Class 1 Integron Gene Cassettes in Trueperella pyogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4230. [PMID: 32545831 PMCID: PMC7352783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic animal pathogen. Different antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, are used to treat T. pyogenes infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate aminoglycoside susceptibility and to detect aminoglycoside resistance determinants in 86 T. pyogenes isolates of different origin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin was determined using a standard broth microdilution method. Genetic elements associated with aminoglycoside resistance were investigated by PCR and DNA sequencing. All studied isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, but 32.6% and 11.6% of them were classified as resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, respectively. A total of 30 (34.9%) isolates contained class 1 integrons. Class 1 integron gene cassettes carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA11 and aadA9, were found in seven and two isolates, respectively. Additionally, the aadA9 gene found in six isolates was not associated with mobile genetic elements. Moreover, other, not carried by gene cassettes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, strA-strB and aph(3')-IIIa, were also detected. Most importantly, this is the first description of all reported genes in T. pyogenes. Nevertheless, the relevance of the resistance phenotype to genotype was not perfectly matched in 14 isolates. Therefore, further investigations are needed to fully explain aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in T. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.S.); (D.C.-C.); (A.S.-G.)
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Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010079. [PMID: 32050696 PMCID: PMC7157609 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic pathogen in livestock and wild animals. However, only one commercial T. pyogenes vaccine is currently available, and its immunoprotective effect is not ideal. Pyolysin (PLO) is one of the important virulence factors expressed by T. pyogenes and one of the targets for the development of new T. pyogenes vaccines. In this study, we constructed two recombinant antigens, tPLOA1 (contains amino acids 1–110 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule) and tPLOA2 (contains amino acids 190–296 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule). Vaccines were prepared by mixing the two recombinant antigens with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant or sheep red blood cell membrane and provided partial immune protection to immunized mice against the lethal challenge of T. pyogenes. Analysis of the PLO-specific IgG levels of immunized mice indicated that the antibody-inducing potency and immunoprotective efficacy of PLO-based vaccines are affected by the oligomerization and structural changes of PLO after binding to a cholesterol-containing membrane. In addition, the titer of anti-hemolysis antibodies is not a suitable indicator of the immunoprotective effect of these vaccines in PLO-based vaccine-immunized animals. The results provide new insights into the development of T. pyogenes vaccines.
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Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112737. [PMID: 31167367 PMCID: PMC6600626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the species Trueperella pyogenes are a part of the biota of skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts of animals, but also, opportunistic pathogens. T. pyogenes causes a variety of purulent infections, such as metritis, mastitis, pneumonia, and abscesses, which, in livestock breeding, generate significant economic losses. Although this species has been known for a long time, many questions concerning the mechanisms of infection pathogenesis, as well as reservoirs and routes of transmission of bacteria, remain poorly understood. Pyolysin is a major known virulence factor of T. pyogenes that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Its cytolytic activity is associated with transmembrane pore formation. Other putative virulence factors, including neuraminidases, extracellular matrix-binding proteins, fimbriae, and biofilm formation ability, contribute to the adhesion and colonization of the host tissues. However, data about the pathogen–host interactions that may be involved in the development of T. pyogenes infection are still limited. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the pathogenic potential and virulence of T. pyogenes.
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Antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from pig lungs with pneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2099-2103. [PMID: 31104226 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a worldwide known pathogen of domestic ruminants and pigs causing a wide variety of infections. The objective of this study was to report the presence of major virulence genes in T. pyogenes isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs and determine their resistance to antibiotics at the same time. A total of 27 T. pyogenes strains were obtained from Jilin Province, and the nanH, nanP, cbpA, fimC, and fimE virulence genes were detected in 7 (25.9%), 14 (51.9%), 18 (66.7%), 8 (29.6%), and 16 (59.3%) isolates, respectively. All isolates were observed to harbor plo and fimA genes. However, 27 T. pyogenes strains tested negative for fimG gene. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the isolated strains had extensive drug resistance, all isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and penicillins antibiotics, and high levels of resistance were found to gentamicin (77.8%), amikacin (74.1%), erythromycin (85.2%), and azithromycin (85.2%). These results highlights the need for prudent use of specific antimicrobial agents in veterinary clinical treatment.
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Zhang W, Wang H, Wang B, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Ma B, Wang J. Replacing the 238th aspartic acid with an arginine impaired the oligomerization activity and inflammation-inducing property of pyolysin. Virulence 2018; 9:1112-1125. [PMID: 30067143 PMCID: PMC6086297 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1491256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic pathogen. Pyolysin (PLO) importantly contributes to the pathogenicity of T. pyogenes. However, the relationship between the structure and function and the virulence of PLO is not well documented. In the current study, recombinant PLO (rPLO) and three rPLO mutants were prepared. rPLO D238R, a mutant with the 238th aspartic acid replaced with an arginine, showed impairment in oligomerization activity on cholesterol-containing liposome and pore-forming activity on sheep red blood cell membrane. Further study employing the prepared mutants confirmed that the pore-forming activity of PLO is essential for inducing excessive inflammation responses in mice by upregulating the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. By contrast, rPLO P499F, another mutant with impaired cell membrane binding capacity, elicited an inflammation response that was dependent on pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) activity, given that the mutant significantly upregulated the expression of IL-10 in macrophages and in mice, whereas rPLO did not. Results indicated that domain 1 of the PLO molecule plays an important role in maintaining pore-forming activity. Moreover, the PLO pore-forming activity and not PAMP activity is responsible for the inflammation-inducing effect of PLO. The results of this study provided new information for research field on the structure, function, and virulence of PLO. Abbreviations: T. pyogenes: Trueperella pyogenes; PLO: Pyolysin; rPLO: recombinant PLO; PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular pattern; CDCs: cholesterol-dependent cytolysins; PLY: pneumolysin; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; Asp: aspartic acid; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; Arg: arginine; Asn: asparagine; IPTG: Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; sRBCs: sheep red blood cells; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; RBCM: red blood cell membrane; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; NC membrane: nitrocellulose membrane; SDS-AGE: dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis; MDBK cells: Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells; RPMI-1640 medium: Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Haili Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yunhao Hu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Junwei Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
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