1
|
Arango-Sabogal JC, Labrecque O, Fairbrother JH, Buczinski S, Roy JP, Arsenault J, Wellemans V, Fecteau G. Comparison of 2 PCR assays on environmental samples cultured for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:24-31. [PMID: 37853659 PMCID: PMC10734583 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231203970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic, contagious, and incurable enteric disease of ruminants. An in-house IS900 PCR assay validated for MAP detection in sheep has been shown to have a higher sensitivity than a commercial PCR and fecal culture. We have now compared the performance of this in-house IS900 PCR assay with a commercial ISMap02 PCR assay for the detection of MAP DNA in bovine dairy farm environmental samples. We purposefully selected 30 culture-positive, 62 culture-negative, and 62 non-interpretable environmental samples. We applied the IS900 PCR assay directly to the frozen inoculum of these samples. Inocula were incubated in an automated system, and growth was confirmed by an acid-fast bacilli stain and the IS900 PCR assay. Among culture-positive samples before incubation, the IS900 PCR assay yielded significantly more positive results than the ISMap02 PCR assay; however, among culture-negative samples, the IS900 PCR assay yielded positive results both before and after incubation. The ISMap02 PCR assay did not flag positively among the culture-negative samples either before or after incubation. The IS900 PCR assay is a sensitive method that can be used to detect MAP DNA in environmental samples before incubation. The ISMap02 PCR assay is a specific method used to detect MAP DNA in environmental samples both before and after incubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Labrecque
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie-Hélène Fairbrother
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Animal Surveillance of Québec, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Wellemans
- Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia X. Horizontal Gene Transfer and Drug Resistance Involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1367. [PMID: 37760664 PMCID: PMC10526031 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) acquires drug resistance at a rate comparable to that of bacterial pathogens that replicate much faster and have a higher mutation rate. One explanation for this rapid acquisition of drug resistance in Mtb is that drug resistance may evolve in other fast-replicating mycobacteria and then be transferred to Mtb through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This paper aims to address three questions. First, does HGT occur between Mtb and other mycobacterial species? Second, what genes after HGT tend to survive in the recipient genome? Third, does HGT contribute to antibiotic resistance in Mtb? I present a conceptual framework for detecting HGT and analyze 39 ribosomal protein genes, 23S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes, as well as several genes targeted by antibiotics against Mtb, from 43 genomes representing all major groups within Mycobacterium. I also included mgtC and the insertion sequence IS6110 that were previously reported to be involved in HGT. The insertion sequence IS6110 shows clearly that the Mtb complex participates in HGT. However, the horizontal transferability of genes depends on gene function, as was previously hypothesized. HGT is not observed in functionally important genes such as ribosomal protein genes, rRNA genes, and other genes chosen as drug targets. This pattern can be explained by differential selection against functionally important and unimportant genes after HGT. Functionally unimportant genes such as IS6110 are not strongly selected against, so HGT events involving such genes are visible. For functionally important genes, a horizontally transferred diverged homologue from a different species may not work as well as the native counterpart, so the HGT event involving such genes is strongly selected against and eliminated, rendering them invisible to us. In short, while HGT involving the Mtb complex occurs, antibiotic resistance in the Mtb complex arose from mutations in those drug-targeted genes within the Mtb complex and was not gained through HGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5718
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park HE, Park JS, Park HT, Shin JI, Kim KM, Park SR, Choi JG, Jung M, Kang HL, Baik SC, Lee WK, Yoo HS, Shin MK. Fetuin as a potential serum biomarker to detect subclinical shedder of bovine paratuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105675. [PMID: 35820578 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic contagious granulomatous enteritis of wild and domestic ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). PTB causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry through decreased milk production and premature culling. PTB-affected cattle undergo a subclinical stage without clinical signs and initiate fecal shedding of MAP into the environment. Current diagnostic tools have low sensitivity for the detection of subclinical PTB infection. Therefore, alternative diagnostic tools are required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of subclinical PTB infection. In this study, we performed ELISA for three previously identified host biomarkers (fetuin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and apolipoprotein) and analyzed their diagnostic performance with conventional PTB diagnostic methods. We observed that serum fetuin levels were significantly lowered in the subclinical shedder and clinical shedder groups than in the healthy control group, indicating its potential utility as a diagnostic biomarker for bovine PTB. Also, fetuin showed an excellent discriminatory power with an AUC = 0.949, a sensitivity of 92.6%, and a specificity of 94.4% for the detection of subclinical MAP infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that fetuin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for enhancing the diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of subclinical MAP infections that are difficult to detect based on current diagnostic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Rin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kleinwort KJH, Hobmaier BF, Mayer R, Hölzel C, Degroote RL, Märtlbauer E, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Proteome Changes Profoundly in Milk. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080549. [PMID: 34436489 PMCID: PMC8399727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are detectable viable in milk and other dairy products. The molecular mechanisms allowing the adaptation of MAP in these products are still poorly understood. To obtain information about respective adaptation of MAP in milk, we differentially analyzed the proteomes of MAP cultivated for 48 h in either milk at 37 °C or 4 °C or Middlebrook 7H9 broth as a control. From a total of 2197 MAP proteins identified, 242 proteins were at least fivefold higher in abundance in milk. MAP responded to the nutritional shortage in milk with upregulation of 32% of proteins with function in metabolism and 17% in fatty acid metabolism/synthesis. Additionally, MAP upregulated clusters of 19% proteins with roles in stress responses and immune evasion, 19% in transcription/translation, and 13% in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, pointing to very important roles of these proteins for MAP coping with a stressful environment. Dut is essential and plays an exclusive role for growth, MmpL4_1 for virulence through secretion of specific lipids, and RecA for SOS response of mycobacteria. Further, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were detected, which could serve as targets for detection. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027444.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. H. Kleinwort
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Bernhard F. Hobmaier
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Ricarda Mayer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, CAU Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung J, Yoo IY, Jhun BW, Koh WJ, Lee NY, Huh HJ. First Isolation of Mycobacterium virginiense From a Human Pulmonary Specimen. Ann Lab Med 2019; 39:596-598. [PMID: 31240893 PMCID: PMC6660336 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.6.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chamchoy T, Williams DR, Adaska JM, Anderson RJ, Aly SS. Environmental sampling to assess the bioburden of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in drylot pens on California dairies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8081. [PMID: 31763073 PMCID: PMC6873878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a bacterium that can cause substantial economic losses in infected dairy herds due to reduced milk production and increased cow-replacement costs. In order to control MAP in dairies with drylot pens, a standardized environmental sampling protocol to quantify MAP in fecal slurry was developed based on an existing protocol for freestall pens. Specifically, following a 24 h hold of the flush, a grab sample of approximately 10 ml of fecal slurry was collected every 1 m along the flush lane of the drylot pens, avoiding individual cow fecal pats. To determine the reliability and repatability of the new environmental sampling protocol for estimation of MAP bioburden at the pen level, two collectors simultaneously collected fecal slurry samples every day for 3 days from six drylot cow pens on two Central California dairies. During the study period no cow movement between pens was allowed with the exception of sick cows. The study herds had MAP seroprevalence of 5.8% and 3.2%, respectively, based on whole pen serum ELISA results. Variance components models for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results showed samples collected from different pens on different dairies accounted for greater variablitiy in MAP concentration (65%), while samples collected by different collectors had the least variability (0.1%). In contrast, variability in MAP concentration in environmental samples collected on different days had 25% variability. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed high reliability (93%) of environmental sampling simultaneously by different collectors. In contrast, the reliability of environmental sampling at different days was 65%, which was similar to the reliability for sampling by different collectors on different days. Investigators can expect high reliability when employing the new environmental sampling protocol along with qPCR testing of environmental samples from drylot pens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapakorn Chamchoy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Deneice R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - John M Adaska
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Tulare Branch, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Randall J Anderson
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hobmaier BF, Lutterberg K, Kleinwort KJH, Mayer R, Hirmer S, Amann B, Hölzel C, Märtlbauer EP, Deeg CA. Characterization of plant lectins for their ability to isolate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:231-239. [PMID: 31027778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard F Hobmaier
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Lutterberg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina J H Kleinwort
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricarda Mayer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Schönleutnerstr 8, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hirmer
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Amann
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Schönleutnerstr 8, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany; Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, CAU Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Erwin P Märtlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Schönleutnerstr 8, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Deeg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, D-80539, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|