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Patel RR, Arun PP, Singh SK, Singh M. Mycobacterial biofilms: Understanding the genetic factors playing significant role in pathogenesis, resistance and diagnosis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122778. [PMID: 38879157 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB. This review provides an overview of the biofilm-forming abilities of different species of Mycobacterium and the genetic factors influencing biofilm formation with a detailed focus on M. tuberculosis. Biofilm-mediated resistance is a significant challenge as it can limit antibiotic penetration and promote the survival of dormant mycobacterial cells. Key genetic factors promoting biofilm formation have been explored such as the mmpL genes involved in lipid transport and cell wall integrity as well as the groEL gene essential for mature biofilm formation. Additionally, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis highlighting the specific niches, sites of infection along with the possible mechanisms of biofilm dissemination have been discussed. Furthermore, drug targets within mycobacterial biofilm and their role as potential biomarkers in the development of rapid diagnostic tools have been highlighted. The review summarises the current understanding of the complex nature of Mycobacterium biofilm and its clinical implications, paving the way for advancements in the field of disease diagnosis, management and treatment against its multi-drug resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raj Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pandey Priya Arun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Urtasun-Elizari JM, Ma R, Pickford H, Farrell D, Gonzalez G, Perets V, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, MacHugh DE, Bhatt A, Gordon SV. Functional analysis of the Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 PhoPR system. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102544. [PMID: 39018651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The PhoPR system is a master regulator in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A key difference between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis is a G71I substitution in the M. bovis PhoR orthologue. Functional studies of the M. bovis PhoPR system have generated conflicting findings, with some research suggesting that the M. bovis PhoPR is defective while others indicate it is functional. We sought to revisit the functionality of the M. bovis PhoPR system. To address this, we constructed a phoPR mutant in the reference strain M. bovis AF2122/97. We employed a combination of growth assays and transcriptomics analyses to assess the phenotype of the mutant vs wild type and complemented strains. We found that the M. bovis AF2122/97 ΔphoPR mutant showed a growth defect on solid and liquid media compared to the wild type and complemented strains. The transcriptome of the M. bovis AF2122/97 ΔphoPR mutant was also altered as compared to wild type, including differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and secretion. Our work provides further insight into the activity of PhoPR in M. bovis and underlines the importance of the PhoPR system as a master regulator of gene expression in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoyao Ma
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Hayleah Pickford
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Damien Farrell
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- International Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Viktor Perets
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Chie Nakajima
- International Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan; International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- International Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan; International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - David E MacHugh
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Centre for One Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Apoorva Bhatt
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; International Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan; International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Centre for One Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Onnainty R, Marini MR, Gravisaco MJ, García EA, Aagaard C, Canal A, Granero G, Bigi F, Blanco FC. Live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strains combined with the encapsulated H65 antigen as a vaccine strategy against bovine tuberculosis in a mouse model. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110007. [PMID: 38335676 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is an etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) that also infects other mammals, including humans. The lack of an effective vaccine for the control of bTB highlights the need for developing new vaccines. In this study, we developed and evaluated an M. bovis strain deleted in the virulence genes phoP, esxA and esxB as a vaccine candidate against bTB in BALBc mice. The evaluated strains were the new live vaccine and BCG, alone or in combination with ncH65vD. The immunogen ncH65vD is a fusion protein H65, encapsulated together with vitamin D3, within the oily body of a nanocapsule composed of an antigen-loading polymeric shell. All vaccines conferred protection against the M. bovis challenge. However, no significant differences were detected among the vaccinated groups regarding bacterial loads in lungs and spleen. Mice vaccinated with the mutant strain plus ncH65vD showed negative Ziehl Neelsen staining of mycobacteria in their lungs, which suggests better control of bacteria replication according to this protection parameter. Consistently, this vaccination scheme showed the highest proportion of CD4 + T cells expressing the protection markers PD-1 and CXCR3 among the vaccinated groups. Correlation studies showed that PD-1 and CXCR3 expression levels in lung-resident CD4 T cells negatively correlated with the number of colony forming units of M. bovis in the lungs of mice. Therefore, the results suggest a link between the presence of PD-1 + and CXCR3 + cells at the site of the immune response against mycobacteria and the level of mycobacterial loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Onnainty
- Unidad de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA) -CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Rocío Marini
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral-Esperanza-Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. N. Repetto and De los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Andrea García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. N. Repetto and De los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clauss Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Canal
- Unidad de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA) -CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gladys Granero
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral-Esperanza-Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. N. Repetto and De los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Federico Carlos Blanco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. N. Repetto and De los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mitermite M, Elizari JMU, Ma R, Farrell D, Gordon SV. Exploring virulence in Mycobacterium bovis: clues from comparative genomics and perspectives for the future. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:26. [PMID: 37770951 PMCID: PMC10540498 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we provide a summary of a plenary lecture delivered on Mycobacterium bovis, the bovine TB bacillus, at the M. bovis 2022 meeting held in Galway, Ireland, in June 2022. We focus on the analysis of genetic differences between M. bovis and the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a route to gain knowledge on what makes M. bovis function as an animal pathogen. We provide a brief historical background around M. bovis and comparative virulence experiments with M. tuberculosis, before moving to what we have learned from the studies of the M. bovis genome sequence. We discuss the need to translate knowledge on the molecular basis of virulence in M. bovis into improved control of bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mitermite
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose Maria Urtasun Elizari
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruoyao Ma
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Damien Farrell
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Abstract
Coughing is a dynamic physiological process resulting from input of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airways and perceived airway irritation. Although cough serves to protect and clear the airways, it can also be exploited by respiratory pathogens to facilitate disease transmission. Microbial components or infection-induced inflammatory mediators can directly interact with sensory nerve receptors to induce a cough response. Analysis of cough-generated aerosols and transmission studies have further demonstrated how infectious disease is spread through coughing. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of cough, cough induction by respiratory pathogens and inflammation, and cough-mediated disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Nikitushkin V, Shleeva M, Loginov D, Dyčka F. F, Sterba J, Kaprelyants A. Shotgun proteomic profiling of dormant, ‘non-culturable’ Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269847. [PMID: 35944020 PMCID: PMC9362914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormant cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in addition to low metabolic activity and a high level of drug resistance, are characterized by ‘non-culturability’–a specific reversible state of the inability of the cells to grow on solid media. The biochemical characterization of this physiological state of the pathogen is only superficial, pending clarification of the metabolic processes that may exist in such cells. In this study, applying LC-MS proteomic profiling, we report the analysis of proteins accumulated in dormant, ‘non-culturable’ M. tuberculosis cells in an in vitro model of self-acidification of mycobacteria in the post-stationary phase, simulating the in vivo persistence conditions—the raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028849. This approach revealed the preservation of 1379 proteins in cells after 5 months of storage in dormancy; among them, 468 proteins were statistically different from those in the actively growing cells and bore a positive fold change (FC). Differential analysis revealed the proteins of the pH-dependent regulatory system PhoP and allowed the reconstruction of the reactions of central carbon/glycerol metabolism, as well as revealing the salvaged pathways of mycothiol and UMP biosynthesis, establishing the cohort of survival enzymes of dormancy. The annotated pathways mirror the adaptation of the mycobacterial metabolic machinery to life within lipid-rich macrophages: especially the involvement of the methyl citrate and glyoxylate pathways. Thus, the current in vitro model of M. tuberculosis self-acidification reflects the biochemical adaptation of these bacteria to persistence in vivo. Comparative analysis with published proteins displaying antigenic properties makes it possible to distinguish immunoreactive proteins among the proteins bearing a positive FC in dormancy, which may include specific antigens of latent tuberculosis. Additionally, the biotransformatory enzymes (oxidoreductases and hydrolases) capable of prodrug activation and stored up in the dormant state were annotated. These findings may potentially lead to the discovery of immunodiagnostic tests for early latent tuberculosis and trigger the discovery of efficient drugs/prodrugs with potency against non-replicating, dormant populations of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Nikitushkin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (VN); (FDF)
| | - Margarita Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Loginov
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
- BioCeV—Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filip Dyčka F.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (VN); (FDF)
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
| | - Arseny Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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García EA, Blanco FC, Bigi F. H65 fusion protein fails to improve the protection of a rationally attenuated live vaccine candidate against bovine tuberculosis in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2021; 10:411-413. [PMID: 34916460 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_201_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fusion protein H65, composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) ESX-secreted antigens, has improved the bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced immune protection in a mouse model of bovine TB when formulated in the liposomal adjuvant CAF01. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain - a mutant in mce2 and phoP genes - combined with H65+CAF01 immunization. We evaluated the protection of MbΔmce2-phoP alone or combined with H65+CAF01 against M. bovis challenge in mice. Methods Groups of BALBc mice were inoculated with the vaccine candidates or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and 6 weeks after the last immunization, the animals were aerogenically challenged with virulent M. bovis. Bacterial load in organs was counted after 45 days of the challenge. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's posttest were used for statistical analysis. Results All vaccinated mice showed reduced bacterial loads in lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. However, the protection level was similar between vaccinated groups. Conclusions The MbΔmce2-phoP strain combined with three doses of H65+CAF01 induced equivalent protection than the MbΔmce2-phoP strain alone. Thus, the use of combined vaccination strategies requires a careful analysis of the potential interactions of each of their components with the host's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia y Biologia Molecular, Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET; Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Bovina, Bovine Tuberculosis Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico C Blanco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia y Biologia Molecular, Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET; Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Bovina, Bovine Tuberculosis Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia y Biologia Molecular, Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET; Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Bovina, Bovine Tuberculosis Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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García EA, Blanco FC, Klepp LI, Pazos A, McNeil MR, Jackson M, Bigi F. Role of PhoPR in the response to stress of Mycobacterium bovis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101593. [PMID: 33285386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PhoP is part of the two-component PhoPR system that regulates the expression of virulence genes of Mycobacteria. The goal of this work was to elucidate the role of PhoP in the mechanism that Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, displays upon stress. An analysis of gene expression and acidic growth curves indicated that M. bovis neutralized the external acidic environment by inducing and secreting ammonia. We found that PhoP is essential for ammonia production/secretion and its role in this process seems to be the induction of asparaginase and urease expression. We also demonstrated that the lack of PhoP negatively affected the synthesis of phthiocerol dimycocerosates. This finding is consistent with the role of the lipid anabolism in maintaining the redox environment upon stress in mycobacteria. Altogether the results of this study indicate that PhoP plays an important role in the response mechanisms to stress of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina.
| | - Federico C Blanco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina.
| | - Laura I Klepp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Pazos
- Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), INTA, Food Technology Institute, Argentina.
| | - Michael R McNeil
- Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, USA.
| | - Mary Jackson
- Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, USA.
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina.
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9
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Trutneva KA, Shleeva MO, Demina GR, Vostroknutova GN, Kaprelyans AS. One-Year Old Dormant, "Non-culturable" Mycobacterium tuberculosis Preserves Significantly Diverse Protein Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32117801 PMCID: PMC7025520 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For adaptation to stressful conditions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is prone to transit to a dormant, non-replicative state, which is believed to be the basis of the latent form of tuberculosis infection. Dormant bacteria persist in the host for a long period without multiplication, cannot be detected from biological samples by microbiological methods, however, their "non-culturable" state is reversible. Mechanisms supporting very long capacity of mycobacteria for resuscitation and further multiplication after prolonged survival in a dormant phase remain unclear. Using methods of 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis, in this study we characterized changes in the proteomic profile of Mtb stored for more than a year as dormant, non-replicating cells with a negligible metabolic activity, full resistance to antibiotics, and altered morphology (ovoid forms). Despite some protein degradation, the proteome of 1-year-old dormant mycobacteria retained numerous intact proteins. Their protein profile differed profoundly from that of metabolically active cells, but was similar to the proteome of the 4-month-old dormant bacteria. Such protein stability is likely to be due to the presence of a significant number of enzymes involved in the protection from oxidative stress (katG/Rv1908, sodA/Rv3846, sodC/Rv0432, bpoC/Rv0554), as well as chaperones (dnaJ1/Rv0352, htpG/Rv2299, groEL2/Rv0440, dnaK/Rv0350, groES/Rv3418, groEL1/Rv3417, HtpG/Rv2299c, hspX/Rv2031), and DNA-stabilizing proteins. In addition, dormant cells proteome contains enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways (glycolytic reactions, shortened TCA cycle, degradative processes) potentially providing a low-level metabolism, or these proteins could be "frozen" for usage in the reactivation process before biosynthetic processes start. The observed stability of proteins in a dormant state could be a basis for the long-term preservation of Mtb cell vitality and hence for latent tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A Trutneva
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita O Shleeva
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina R Demina
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina N Vostroknutova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyans
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Forrellad MA, Vázquez CL, Blanco FC, Klepp LI, García EA, Rocha RV, Luciana V, Bigi MM, Gutierrez MG, Bigi F. Rv2617c and P36 are virulence factors of pathogenic mycobacteria involved in resistance to oxidative stress. Virulence 2019; 10:1026-1033. [PMID: 31782338 PMCID: PMC6930017 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1693714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the role of Rv2617c in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rv2617c is a protein of unknown function unique to M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and Mycobacterium leprae. In vitro, this protein interacts with the virulence factor P36 (also named Erp) and KdpF, a protein linked to nitrosative stress. Here, we showed that knockout of the Rv2617c gene in M. tuberculosis CDC1551 reduced the replication of the pathogen in a mouse model of infection and favored the trafficking of mycobacteria to phagolysosomes. We also demonstrated that Rv2617c and P36 are required for resistance to in vitro hydrogen peroxide treatment in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, respectively. These findings indicate Rv2617c and P36 act in concert to prevent bacterial damage upon oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Forrellad
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Cristina L Vázquez
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Federico C Blanco
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Laura I Klepp
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Elizabeth A García
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Rosana V Rocha
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Villafañe Luciana
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - María M Bigi
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Agronomy (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía), Autonomous City of Bueno Aires, Argentine
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) and IABIMO-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentine
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