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Kang W, Wang M, Yi X, Wang J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Y, Sun H, Gottschalk M, Zheng H, Xu J. Investigation of genomic and pathogenicity characteristics of Streptococcus suis ST1 human strains from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2005 and 2020 in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2339946. [PMID: 38578304 PMCID: PMC11034456 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2339946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a significant and emerging zoonotic pathogen. ST1 and ST7 strains are the primary agents responsible for S. suis human infections in China, including the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX). To enhance our understanding of S. suis ST1 population characteristics, we conducted an investigation into the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence levels of 73 S. suis ST1 human strains from GX between 2005 and 2020. The ST1 GX strains were categorized into three lineages in phylogenetic analysis. Sub-lineage 3-1a exhibited a closer phylogenetic relationship with the ST7 epidemic strain SC84. The strains from lineage 3 predominantly harboured 89K-like pathogenicity islands (PAIs) which were categorized into four clades based on sequence alignment. The acquirement of 89K-like PAIs increased the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of corresponding transconjugants. We observed significant diversity in virulence levels among the 37 representative ST1 GX strains, that were classified as follows: epidemic (E)/highly virulent (HV) (32.4%, 12/37), virulent plus (V+) (29.7%, 11/37), virulent (V) (18.9%, 7/37), and lowly virulent (LV) (18.9%, 7/37) strains based on survival curves and mortality rates at different time points in C57BL/6 mice following infection. The E/HV strains were characterized by the overproduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and promptly established infection at the early phase of infection. Our research offers novel insights into the population structure, evolution, genomic features, and pathogenicity of ST1 strains. Our data also indicates the importance of establishing a scheme for characterizing and subtyping the virulence levels of S. suis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Kang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Yi
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Han Zheng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Natonal key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Jouy E, Bayon-Auboyer MH, Bougeard S, Chauvin C, Libante V, Payot S, Marois-Créhan C. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs, wild boars, and humans in France between 1994 and 2020. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0016423. [PMID: 37655935 PMCID: PMC10512786 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00164-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive infections and substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance against 22 antibiotics was studied for 200 S. suis strains collected in different geographical regions of France. Most of the strains (86%) showed resistance to at least one antibiotic with a low rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones, penicillins, pleuromutilin, and diaminopyrimidine-sulfonamides, and a higher rate to macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline. Multi-resistance patterns were observed in 138 strains; three of them being resistant to six antibiotic families. Statistical analyses highlighted a decrease in the resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in our collection, between the two periods studied-before 2010 and after 2015-as well as an impact of the geographical origin with a higher rate of resistance to macrolides-lincosamides and penicillin in Brittany than in the other French regions. Furthermore, macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline resistance patterns were more likely to be found in pig isolates than in human and wild boar isolates. A difference in resistance was also observed between serotypes. Most of the penicillin-resistant strains belong to serotypes 1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 27, and 29. Finally, penicillin and pleuromutilin resistances were mostly found in "non-clinical" isolates. The empirical treatment of human and porcine infections due to S. suis in France can therefore still be carried out with beta-lactams. However, this study emphasizes the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance in this zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
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3
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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4
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Wang J, Qi K, Bai X, Wu Z, Kang W, Liang P, Zheng H, Xu J. Characterization of integrative and conjugative elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes of Streptococcus suis isolated in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1074844. [PMID: 36620002 PMCID: PMC9815147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1074844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, is important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes that play critical roles in the horizontal transfer of corresponding resistances. In the present study, 656 antibiotic resistance (AR) genes were detected in 154 of 155 genomes of S. suis strains isolated from the nasopharynx of slaughtered pigs and the lungs of diseased pigs in China. The AR genes were clustered into 11 categories, consisting of tetracycline, macrolides, lincosamide, streptogramin, aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, amphenicols, nucleoside, quinupristin/dalfopristin, glycopeptide, and oxazolidinones resistance genes. In order to investigate the transmission patterns of the AR genes, AR genes-associated the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were extracted and investigated. Twenty ICEs, one defective ICE, one tandem ICE, and ten prophages were found, which mainly carried tetracycline, macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramin (MLS), and aminoglycosides resistance genes. Three types of DNA cargo with AR genes were integrated into specific sites of ICEs: integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs), cis-IMEs (CIMEs), and transposon Tn916. Obvious differences in AR gene categories were found among the three cargo types. IMEs mainly harbored tetracycline and MLS resistance genes. CIMEs mainly carried aminoglycoside resistance genes, while transposon Tn916 carried only the tet (M) gene. Nearly all AR genes in ICEs were carried by IMEs and CIMEs. IMEs were prevalent and were also detected in additional 29 S. suis genomes. The horizontal transfer of IMEs and CIMEs may play critical role in ICE evolution and AR gene transmission in the S. suis population. Our findings provide novel insights into the transmission patterns of AR genes and the evolutionary mechanisms of ICEs in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Han Zheng, ✉
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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5
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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Nicholson TL, Bayles DO. Comparative virulence and antimicrobial resistance distribution of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043529. [PMID: 36439859 PMCID: PMC9687383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry worldwide. Most S. suis genome sequences available in public databases are from isolates obtained outside the United States. We sequenced the genomes of 106 S. suis isolates from the U.S. and analyzed them to identify their potential to function as zoonotic agents and/or reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S., for the purpose of screening for genomic elements encoding AMR and any factors that could increase or contribute to the capacity of S. suis to transmit, colonize, and/or cause disease in humans. Forty-six sequence types (STs) were identified with ST28 observed as the most prevalent, followed by ST87. Of the 23 different serotypes identified, serotype 2 was the most prevalent, followed by serotype 8 and 3. Of the virulence genes analyzed, the highest nucleotide diversity was observed in sadP, mrp, and ofs. Tetracycline resistance was the most prevalent phenotypic antimicrobial resistance observed followed by macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance. Numerous AMR elements were identified, many located within MGE sequences, with the highest frequency observed for ble, tetO and ermB. No genes encoding factors known to contribute to the transmission, colonization, and/or causation of disease in humans were identified in any of the S. suis genomes in this study. This includes the 89 K pathogenicity island carried by the virulent S. suis isolates responsible for human infections. Collectively, the data reported here provide a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity among U.S. S. suis isolates. This study also serves as a baseline for determining any potential risks associated with occupational exposure to these bacteria, while also providing data needed to address public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
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7
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Liang P, Wang M, Gottschalk M, Vela AI, Estrada AA, Wang J, Du P, Luo M, Zheng H, Wu Z. Genomic and pathogenic investigations of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 population derived from a human patient and pigs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1960-1974. [PMID: 34635002 PMCID: PMC8525962 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1988725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the important emerging zoonotic pathogens. Serotype 2 is most prevalent in patients worldwide. In the present study, we first isolated one S. suis serotype 7 strain GX69 from the blood culture of a patient with septicemia complicated with pneumonia in China. In order to deepen the understanding of S. suis serotype 7 population characteristics, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence of S. suis serotype 7 population, including 35 strains and 79 genomes. Significant diversities were revealed in S. suis serotype 7 population, which were clustered into 22 sequence types (STs), five minimum core genome (MCG) groups, and six lineages. Lineages 1, 3a, and 6 were mainly constituted by genomes from Asia. Genomes of Lineages 2, 3b, and 5a were mainly from Northern America. Most of genomes from Europe (41/48) were clustered into Lineage 5b. In addition to strain GX69, 13 of 21 S. suis serotype 7 representative strains were classified as virulent strains using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Virulence-associated genes preferentially present in highly pathogenic S. suis serotype 2 strains were not suitable as virulence indicators for S. suis serotype 7 strains. Integrative mobilizable elements were widespread and may play a critical role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes of S. suis serotype 7 strains. Our study confirmed S. suis serotype 7 is a non-negligible pathotype and deepened the understanding of the population structure of S. suis serotype 7, which provided valuable information for the improved surveillance of this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana I. Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - April A. Estrada
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Yulin Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yulin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Nicholson TL, Waack U, Anderson TK, Bayles DO, Zaia SR, Goertz I, Eppinger M, Hau SJ, Brockmeier SL, Shore SM. Comparative Virulence and Genomic Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620843. [PMID: 33574803 PMCID: PMC7870872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry. Mechanisms used by S. suis to colonize and cause disease remain unknown and vaccines and/or intervention strategies currently do not exist. Studies addressing virulence mechanisms used by S. suis have been complicated because different isolates can cause a spectrum of disease outcomes ranging from lethal systemic disease to asymptomatic carriage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the virulence capacity of nine United States S. suis isolates following intranasal challenge in swine and then perform comparative genomic analyses to identify genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. No correlation was found between the capacity to cause disease in swine and the functional characteristics of genome size, serotype, sequence type (ST), or in vitro virulence-associated phenotypes. A search for orthologs found in highly virulent isolates and not found in non-virulent isolates revealed numerous predicted protein coding sequences specific to each category. While none of these predicted protein coding sequences have been previously characterized as potential virulence factors, this analysis does provide a reliable one-to-one assignment of specific genes of interest that could prove useful in future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies. Collectively, this report provides a framework for future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies investigating genetic characteristics underlying the spectrum of disease outcomes caused by S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ursula Waack
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sam R Zaia
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Isaiah Goertz
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Hau
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sarah M Shore
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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10
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Yushchuk O, Binda E, Marinelli F. Glycopeptide Antibiotic Resistance Genes: Distribution and Function in the Producer Actinomycetes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1173. [PMID: 32655512 PMCID: PMC7325946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are considered drugs of "last resort" for the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by relevant Gram-positive pathogens (enterococci, staphylococci, and clostridia). Driven by the issue of the never-stopping evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance, research on GPA biosynthesis and resistance is developing fast in modern "post-genomic" era. It is today widely accepted that resistance mechanisms emerging in pathogens have been acquired from the soil-dwelling antibiotic-producing actinomycetes, which use them to avoid suicide during production, rather than being orchestrated de novo by pathogen bacteria upon continued treatment. Actually, more and more genomes of GPA producers are being unraveled, carrying a broad collection of differently arranged GPA resistance (named van) genes. In the producer actinomycetes, van genes are generally associated with the antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) deputed to GPA biosynthesis, being probably transferred/arranged together, favoring a possible co-regulation between antibiotic production and self-resistance. GPA BGC-associated van genes have been also found mining public databases of bacterial genomic and metagenomic sequences. Interestingly, some BGCs for antibiotics, seemingly unrelated to GPAs (e.g., feglymycin), carry van gene homologues. Herein, we would like to cover the recent advances on the distribution of GPA resistance genes in genomic and metagenomics datasets related to GPA potential/proved producer microorganisms. A thorough understanding of GPA resistance in the producing microorganisms may prove useful in the future surveillance of emerging mechanisms of resistance to this clinically relevant antibiotic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Yushchuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Binda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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11
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Du F, Lv X, Duan D, Wang L, Huang J. Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2026. [PMID: 31551963 PMCID: PMC6746840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Linezolid and vancomycin are among the last-resort antimicrobial agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) Gram-positive bacteria may pose severe threats to public health. In this study, three optrA- and vanG-positive Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from two farms of different cities. There were only 1 and 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding region (cSNPs) of HCB4 and YSJ7 to YSJ17, respectively. Mobilome analysis revealed the presence of vanG, erm(B), tet(O/W/32/O), and aadE-apt-sat4-aphA3 cluster on an integrative and conjugative element, ICESsuYSJ17, and erm(B), aphA3, aac(6')-aph(2″), catpC194, and optrA on a prophage, ΦSsuYSJ17-3. ICESsuYSJ17 exhibited a mosaic structure and belongs to a highly prevalent and transferable ICESa2603 family of Streptococcus species. ΦSsuYSJ17-3 shared conserved backbone to a transferable prophage Φm46.1. A novel composite transposon, IS1216E-araC-optrA-hp-catpC194-IS1216E, which can be circulated as translocatable unit (TU) by IS1216E, was integrated on ΦSsuYSJ17-3. Vancomycin resistance phenotype and vanG transcription assays revealed that the vanG operon was inducible. The LVR strain YSJ17 exhibited moderate virulence in a zebrafish infection model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LVR isolate, which is mediated by acquired resistance genes optrA and vanG operons in Gram-positive bacteria. Since S. suis has been recognized as an antimicrobial resistance reservoir in the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential risks of disseminating of optrA and vanG from S. suis to other Streptococcus spp. are worrisome and routine surveillance should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshu Du
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duan Duan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Application of the Phage Lysin Ply5218 in the Treatment of Streptococcus suis Infection in Piglets. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080715. [PMID: 31387285 PMCID: PMC6723582 DOI: 10.3390/v11080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterium and zoonotic pathogen. Currently it poses a serious problem in the swine industry due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, novel antimicrobials against S. suis infections are urgently needed. In the previous study, a cell wall hydrolase or lysin derived from Streptococcus prophage phi5218, termed Ply5218, was identified. This lysin showed strong bacteriolytic activity against S. suis. In the current study, the in vitro data showed that after incubation with pig serum, the bacteriolytic efficacy of Ply5218 declined in a time-dependent manner. The in vivo assays indicated that a Ply5218 triple treatment (6, 24, and 48 h post infection) was effective against various serotypes of S. suis in a murine infection model. This regimen also alleviated streptococcal-induced clinical symptoms in piglets and significantly reduced the bacterial burden and levels of interleukin 6, a proinflammatory cytokine. This study indicates that Ply5218 shows strong antibacterial activity in pigs and has the potential to be used as a treatment for infectious diseases caused by S. suis.
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13
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Soler N, Robert E, Chauvot de Beauchêne I, Monteiro P, Libante V, Maigret B, Staub J, Ritchie DW, Guédon G, Payot S, Devignes MD, Leblond-Bourget N. Characterization of a relaxase belonging to the MOB T family, a widespread family in Firmicutes mediating the transfer of ICEs. Mob DNA 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 31073337 PMCID: PMC6499999 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugative spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in bacteria constitutes an important threat to public health. Beyond the well-known conjugative plasmids, recent genome analyses have shown that integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are the most widespread conjugative elements, even if their transfer mechanism has been little studied until now. The initiator of conjugation is the relaxase, a protein catalyzing a site-specific nick on the origin of transfer (oriT) of the ICE. Besides canonical relaxases, recent studies revealed non-canonical ones, such as relaxases of the MOBT family that are related to rolling-circle replication proteins of the Rep_trans family. MOBT relaxases are encoded by ICEs of the ICESt3/ICEBs1/Tn916 superfamily, a superfamily widespread in Firmicutes, and frequently conferring antibiotic resistance. RESULTS Here, we present the first biochemical and structural characterization of a MOBT relaxase: the RelSt3 relaxase encoded by ICESt3 from Streptococcus thermophilus. We identified the oriT region of ICESt3 and demonstrated that RelSt3 is required for its conjugative transfer. The purified RelSt3 protein is a stable dimer that provides a Mn2+-dependent single-stranded endonuclease activity. Sequence comparisons of MOBT relaxases led to the identification of MOBT conserved motifs. These motifs, together with the construction of a 3D model of the relaxase domain of RelSt3, allowed us to determine conserved residues of the RelSt3 active site. The involvement of these residues in DNA nicking activity was demonstrated by targeted mutagenesis. CONCLUSIONS All together, this work argues in favor of MOBT being a full family of non-canonical relaxases. The biochemical and structural characterization of a MOBT member provides new insights on the molecular mechanism of conjugative transfer mediated by ICEs in Gram-positive bacteria. This could be a first step towards conceiving rational strategies to control gene transfer in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Soler
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Emilie Robert
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Philippe Monteiro
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Maigret
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Johan Staub
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - David W. Ritchie
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Gérard Guédon
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, UMR1128 DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Huang J, Liu X, Chen H, Chen L, Gao X, Pan Z, Wang J, Lu C, Yao H, Wang L, Wu Z. Identification of six novel capsular polysaccharide loci (
NCL
) from
Streptococcus suis
multidrug resistant non‐typeable strains and the pathogenic characteristic of strains carrying new
NCL
s. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xi Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xueping Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Zihao Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Animal Disease Control Center Shanghai China
| | - Chengping Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
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