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Nikolaisen NK, Fertner M, Lassen DCK, Chehabi CN, Ronaghinia AA, Chriél M, Jensen VF, Jensen LB, Pedersen K, Struve T. Association between Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance in Mink Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070927. [PMID: 35884181 PMCID: PMC9311663 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic consumption is considered to be a main driver of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Mink breeding follows a distinctive seasonal reproduction cycle, and all of the mink produced in the northern hemisphere are bred, born, and pelted around the same time of year. Some of the diseases are age-related, which is reflected in the seasonal variation of antibiotic consumption. The seasonality makes mink a good model for the investigation of the association between antibiotic consumption and resistance. The objectives of this study were (1) to monitor the farm level of antibiotic resistance during one production cycle and (2) to assess the potential associations between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Twenty-four farms were included in this study (Denmark n = 20, Iceland n = 2, and The Netherlands n = 2), following a cohort of animals born in 2018. Staphylococcus delphini and Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of the carcasses and faeces and were collected randomly. The isolates were susceptibility tested and subsequently divided into the sensitive wildtype (WT) and the resistant non-wildtype (NWT) populations. The antibiotic consumption relative to the sampling periods was assessed as having a short-term or a long-term impact, i.e., in two explanatory factors. For both S. delphini and E. coli, a large between-farm variation of NWT profiles was detected. In the final multivariable, generalized linear mixed models, significant associations between NWT isolates and the consumption of specific antibiotics were found: the short-term use of tetracyclines in the growth period was associated with the occurrence of tetracycline NWT E. coli in the growth period (OR: 11.94 [1.78; 89.28]), and the long-term use of macrolide and tetracyclines was associated with the occurrence of erythromycin NWT S. delphini in the weaning period (OR: 18.2 [2.26; 321.36]) and tetracycline NWT S. delphini in the growth period (OR: 8.2 [1.27; 63.31]), respectively. Farms with zero consumption in the study years prior to sampling also had a substantial proportion of NWT isolates, indicating that NWT isolates are persistent and/or widely spread in the environment. Generally, a high occurrence of tetracycline NWTs was observed. NWT isolates with resistance against the most commonly used antibiotics were found on all the farms, stressing the need for routine surveillance and the prudent use of antibiotics. The results offer a preview of the complex relationship between consumption and resistance, demonstrating some significant associations between use and resistance. Moreover, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present even on farms with no antibiotic consumption over extended periods, and theoretical explanations supported by the data are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mette Fertner
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Desiree Corvera Kløve Lassen
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Chaza Nazih Chehabi
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
| | - Amir Atabak Ronaghinia
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Lars Bogø Jensen
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
| | - Karl Pedersen
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Tina Struve
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
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Mundbjerg K, Pedersen PE, Hammer AS. The effect of antimicrobial treatment on mortality associated with urinary tract disease in mink kits (Neovison vison). Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:15. [PMID: 33794953 PMCID: PMC8017834 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mink urinary tract disease (MUTD) often presents as urolithiasis and/or cystitis and is known as an important cause of mortality in mink kits during the early growth season. Antimicrobial flock treatment has been routinely applied as preventive/therapeutic protocol on Danish mink farms with increased mortality associated with MUTD. The therapeutic effect of this treatment strategy has not previously been investigated. In this study, we applied controlled parallel group treatment trials to assess the effect of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim and amoxicillin treatment on mortality associated with MUTD in mink kits. On farm A, eight mink kits were diagnosed with MUTD post mortem in the treatment group (n = 1920, sulfadiazine/trimethoprim treatment: 30 mg/kg, q 24 h, P.O for 5 days) compared to 16 in the untreated control group (n = 1920). No significant difference in mortality associated with MUTD were found between the treatment and the control group using the Fisher’s exact test (P = 0.15). Treatment group 2 (n = 1920, amoxicillin treatment: 14 mg/kg q 24 h, P.O for 5 days) and treatment group 3 (n = 2088, amoxicillin treatment: 7.5 mg/kg q 24 h, P.O for 5 days) were investigated on farm B. Eight and four mink kits were diagnosed with MUTD post mortem in group 2 and 3, respectively. No difference between occurrence of MUTD were found between the control group and treatment group 2 (P = 0.42) or treatment group 3 (P = 0.75). No significant difference between final body weights or weight gain were found between treatment and control weighing groups on farm A or B. In conclusion, antimicrobial treatment administered in the feed showed no significant effect on weight gain or mortality associated with MUTD on the farms included in this study.
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Mundbjerg K, Tolver A, Sebbelov I, Clausen T, Lundfold J, Hammer AS. Familial disease history and fur color type are associated with urinary tract disease in farmed mink (Neovison vison). Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:326-331. [PMID: 33172618 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mink urinary tract disease (MUTD) and mink fatty liver disease (MFLD) constitute two important disease entities in the mink production associated with sudden mortality and economic loss. Genetic factors or heritability of the diseases have not previously been investigated. Since mortality associated with MUTD and MFLD mainly occurs in the young immature mink, a potential genetic predisposition would rarely be passed on by the mink itself but potentially by relatives. This study aimed to investigate familial aggregation of MUTD and MFLD based on data from four generations of mink on a research farm. The study included a total of 27,511 mink of brown and black color type with a post mortem prevalence of 0.8% for MUTD (n = 221) and 0.5% for MFLD (n = 138) within a year from birth. The prevalence in the color types brown and black were 0.6% and 1.6% for MUTD and 0.5% and 0.7% for MFLD. Family history of MUTD in breeding animals was found to be associated with a significantly higher probability of MUTD leading to mortality in offspring (p = 0.012, RR = 1.7; CI [1.1-2.4]), however this association was not significant for MFLD (p = 0.163, RR = 1.5; CI [0.9-2.7]). Mink of the color type black showed significantly higher risk of MUTD (RR = 2.6; CI [2.0-3.3]) and MFLD (R = 1.6; CI [1.1-2.2]) compared to brown mink. The results indicate that genetic factors may play a role in understanding MUTD and that selective breeding may contribute to reduce mortalities associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mundbjerg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; LVK Dyrlægerne A/S, Fynsvej 8, 9500 Hobro, Denmark.
| | - Anders Tolver
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Ida Sebbelov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tove Clausen
- Danish Fur Breeders Research Centre, Herningvej 112, 7500 Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lundfold
- Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., Langagervej 60, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Hammer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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