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Jiang R, Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Yang H. PRRSV infection inhibits CSFV C-strain replication via GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110243. [PMID: 39299011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine productive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) both are significant infectious pathogens in pigs and pose great threats to the healthy development of the pig industry. PRRSV infection often reduces the antibody level of the CSFV attenuated vaccine and even leads to immune failure. In order to elucidate the potential mechanism of CSFV proliferation inhibition by PRRSV and screen out drugs that enhance the vaccine immune effect, we conducted experiments in the PAM39 cell line that can simultaneously support both PRRSV and CSFV infection. The results showed that PRRSV infection could induce gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, promote cell pyroptosis, increase IL-1β secretion, and then inhibit CSFV replication. However, Astragalus polysaccharide treatment could reverse this phenomenon. The results elucidate the molecular mechanism of CSFV vaccine immune failure caused by PRRSV co-infection from the perspective of pyroptosis and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of clinical co-infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengjin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gong X, Liang Y, Wang J, Pang Y, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang Q, Song C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Fang X, Chen X. Highly pathogenic PRRSV upregulates IL-13 production through nonstructural protein 9-mediated inhibition of N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107199. [PMID: 38508309 PMCID: PMC11017062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a highly infectious virus, causes severe losses in the swine industry by regulating the inflammatory response, inducing tissue damage, suppressing the innate immune response, and promoting persistent infection in hosts. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses and inflammation, particularly in immune-related disorders, certain types of cancer, and numerous bacterial and viral infections; however, the underlying mechanisms of IL-13 regulation during PRRSV infection are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that PRRSV infection elevates IL-13 levels in porcine alveolar macrophages. PRRSV enhances m6A-methylated RNA levels while reducing the expression of fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO, an m6A demethylase), thereby augmenting IL-13 production. PRRSV nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) was a key factor for this modulation. Furthermore, we found that the residues Asp567, Tyr586, Leu593, and Asp595 were essential for nsp9 to induce IL-13 production via attenuation of FTO expression. These insights delineate PRRSV nsp9's role in FTO-mediated IL-13 release, advancing our understanding of PRRSV's impact on host immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gong
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Pang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiaoya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingtang Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Cao Q, Zhu H, Xu W, Zhang R, Wang Y, Tian Z, Yuan Y. Predicting the efficacy of glucocorticoids in pediatric primary immune thrombocytopenia using plasma proteomics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301227. [PMID: 38162645 PMCID: PMC10757608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder among children. While glucocorticoids are the primary first-line treatment for ITP treatment, they prove ineffective in certain patients. The challenge of identifying biomarkers capable of early prediction regarding the response to glucocorticoid therapy in ITP persists. This study aimed to identify ideal biomarkers for predicting glucocorticoid efficacy in patients with ITP using plasma proteomics. Methods A four-dimensional data-independent acquisition approach was performed to determine the differentially expressed proteins in plasma samples collected from glucocorticoid-sensitive (GCS) (n=18) and glucocorticoid-resistant (GCR) (n=17) children with ITP treated with prednisone. The significantly differentially expressed proteins were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validation in a cohort conprising 65 samples(30 healthy controls, 18 GCS and 17 GCR children with ITP). Receiver operating characteristics curves, calibration curves, and clinical decision curve analysis were used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of this method. Results 47 differentially expressed proteins (36 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) were identified in the GCR group compared with the GCS group. The significantly differentially expressed proteins myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and fetuin B (FETUB) were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validation. The validation results were consistent with the proteomics analyses. Compared with the GCS group, the GCR group exhibited a significantly reduced the plasma concentration of MYH9 and elevated the plasma concentration of FETUB. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristics curves, calibration curves, and clinical decision curve analysis demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy of these validated biomarkers. Conclusion This study contributes to the establishment of objective biological indicators for precision therapy in children with ITP. More importantly, the proteins MYH9 and FETUB hold potential as a foundation for making informed decisions regarding alternative treatments for drugresistant patients, thereby preventing treatment delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Zhaofang Tian
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yufang Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
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Xue J, Zhou D, Zhou J, Du X, Zhang X, Liu X, Ding L, Cheng Z. miR-155 facilitates the synergistic replication between avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis virus by targeting a dual pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0093723. [PMID: 37909729 PMCID: PMC10688374 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00937-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The synergy of two oncogenic retroviruses is an essential phenomenon in nature. The synergistic replication of ALV-J and REV in poultry flocks increases immunosuppression and pathogenicity, extends the tumor spectrum, and accelerates viral evolution, causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. However, the mechanism of synergistic replication between ALV-J and REV is still incompletely elusive. We observed that microRNA-155 targets a dual pathway, PRKCI-MAPK8 and TIMP3-MMP2, interacting with the U3 region of ALV-J and REV, enabling synergistic replication. This work gives us new targets to modulate ALV-J and REV's synergistic replication, guiding future research on the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Longying Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
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Gong X, Ma T, Wang J, Cao X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Song C, Lai M, Zhang C, Fang X, Chen X. Nucleocapsid protein residues 35, 36, and 113 are critical sites in up-regulating the Interleukin-8 production via C/EBPα pathway by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106345. [PMID: 37714310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly infectious and pathogenic agent that causes considerable economic damage in the swine industry. It regulates the inflammatory response, triggers inflammation-induced tissue damage, suppresses the innate immune response, and leads to persistent infection. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, plays a crucial role in inflammatory response during numerous bacteria and virus infections. However, the underlying mechanisms of IL-8 regulation during PRRSV infection are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that PRRSV-infected PAMs and Marc-145 cells release higher levels of IL-8. We screened the nucleocapsid protein, non-structural protein (nsp) 9, and nsp11 of PRRSV to enhance IL-8 promoter activity via the C/EBPα pathway. Furthermore, we identified that the amino acids Q35A, S36A, R113A, and I115A of the nucleocapsid protein play a crucial role in the induction of IL-8. Through reverse genetics, we generated two mutant viruses (rQ35-2A and rR113A), which showed lower induction of IL-8 in PAMs during infection. This finding uncovers a previously unrecognized role of the PRRSV nucleocapsid protein in modulating IL-8 production and provides insight into an additional mechanism by which PRRSV modulates immune responses and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gong
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Qiaoya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Min Lai
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Xingtang Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, China.
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Chen D, Tuo T, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Yang H. PRRSV inhibited the proliferation of CSFV by inducing IL-1β maturation via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109825. [PMID: 37453262 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PRRSV and CSFV are both common infectious pathogens in porcine populations, posing significant threats to the healthy development of the porcine industry. Vaccine immunization is the main way to prevent and control these two diseases. Increasing studies have demonstrated that there is an interaction between PRRSV co-infection and CSFV vaccine immune failure. To investigate the effect of PRRSV infection on CSFV proliferation and its molecular mechanism, the proliferation dynamics of PRRSV/CSFV, the NLRP3 inflammasome components, and IL-1β expression levels were detected in PRRSV/CSFV alone- or co-infection. Subsequently, the relationship between inflammasome activation, IL-1β expression, and CSFV proliferation was analyzed through the construction of an inflammasome activation model, specific siRNA interference, and specific inhibitor treatment. The results showed that CSFV infection had a poor regulatory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β maturation, but PRRSV and CSFV co-infection could significantly up-regulate the expression of NLRP3 and ASC, induce Caspase-1 activation, and promote IL-1β maturation. It was further determined that NLRP3 inflammasome components played important roles in IL-1β maturation and inhibiting CSFV proliferation by PRRSV. Additional experiments indicated that PRRSV replication is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β maturation, and CSFV proliferation inhibition. More importantly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated by the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, PRRSV infection induced IL-1β maturation by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathways and then inhibited the proliferation of CSFV. These data further improved the theoretical basis for PRRSV inducing inflammatory factors and leading to the failure of CSFV immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbei Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:14. [PMID: 36658569 PMCID: PMC9850545 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). METHODS Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. RESULTS The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations.
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Luo J, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang W, Mu Y, Sun Y, Zhang F, Miao Y. miR-642a-5p increases glucocorticoid sensitivity by suppressing the TLR4 signalling pathway in THP-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101356. [PMID: 36186733 PMCID: PMC9519937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing annually, and glucocorticoid (GC) resistance (GCR) is a common cause of UC-induced remission failure. Our previous studies have shown that the expression of miR-642a-5p is downregulated in UC with GCR, suggesting that miR-642a-5p may be related to the GC response. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which miR-642a-5p regulates the GC response in THP-1 cells. We found that after treatment with miR-642a-5p mimics and DEX, the expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the nucleus and NF-κB p65 and p50 in the cytoplasm were increased (P < 0.05). miR-642a-5p mimics transfected into THP-1 cells could synergize with dexamethasone (DEX) to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory factor levels such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that TLR4 is a target gene of miR-642a-5p. miR-642a-5p mimic pretreatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of DEX on TLR4 induced by LPS and inhibited the expression of TLR4 on the cell surface (P < 0.05). Additionally, miR-642a-5p further prevented the nuclear import of NF-κB P65 and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. These results suggest that miR-642a-5p can inhibit the inflammation by suppressing the TLR4 signalling pathway in THP-1 cells. It also highlights the TLR4 signalling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in anti-inflammation. miR-642a-5p can inhibit the TLR4 signalling pathway induced by LPS and increase the glucocorticoid sensitivity in THP-1 cells.
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