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Santos IS, Tavares CP, Klafke GM, Reck J, Monteiro CMO, Prata MCA, Golo PS, Silva AC, Costa-Junior LM. Automatic method based on deep learning to identify and account Rhipicephalus microplus larval hatching. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:665-674. [PMID: 37183718 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reports of Rhipicephalus microplus resistant populations worldwide have increased extensively, making it difficult to control this ectoparasite. The adult immersion test, commonly used to screen for acaricide resistance, produces the results only after 40 days of the tick collection because it needs the eggs to be laid and larvae to hatch. The present study aims to develop an automatic method, based on deep learning, to predict the hatching of R. microplus larva based on egg morphology. Initially, the time course of embryonic development of tick eggs was performed to discriminate between viable and non-viable eggs. Secondly, using artificial intelligence deep learning techniques, a method was developed to classify and count the eggs. The larval hatching rate of three populations of R. microplus was evaluated for the software validation process. Groups of three and six images of eggs with 12 days of embryonic development were submitted to the software to predict the larval hatching percent automatically. The results obtained by the software were compared with the prediction results of the hatching percentage performed manually by the specialist and with the results of the hatching percentage of larvae obtained in the biological assay. The group with three images of each population submitted to the software for automatic prediction of the larval hatching percent presented mean values of 96.35% ± 3.33 (Piracanjuba population), 95.98% ± 3.5 (Desterro population) and 0.0% ± 0.0 (Barbalha population). For groups with six images, the values were 94.41% ± 3.84 (Piracanjuba population), 95.93% ± 2.36 (Desterro population) and 0.0% ± 0.0 (Barbalha population). Biological assays showed the following hatching percentage values: 98% ± 1.73 (Piracanjuba population); 96% ± 2.1 (Desterro population); and 0.14% ± 0.25 (Barbalha population). There was no statistical difference between the evaluated methods. The automatic method for predicting the hatching percentage of R. microplus larvae was validated and proved to be effective, with considerable reduction in time to obtain results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Santos
- Applied Computing Core, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Caio P Tavares
- Parasite Control Laboratory, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Klafke
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF) - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF) - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caio M O Monteiro
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia S Golo
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Aristófanes C Silva
- Applied Computing Core, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Livio M Costa-Junior
- Parasite Control Laboratory, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
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Fernández-Salas A, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Morales RAA, Lezama-Gutiérrez R, Cervantes-Chávez JA. Phylogenetic Relationships and Acaricidal Effects ofBeauveria bassianaObtained from Cattle Farm Soils AgainstRhipicephalus microplus. J Parasitol 2018; 104:275-282. [DOI: 10.1645/17-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Fernández-Salas
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica y Zootecnia, Complejo Regional Centro, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Carretera Cañada–Morelos Km. 7.5, El Salado, C.P. 75460, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Martínez de la Torre, 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Alejandro Alonso Morales
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Ciudad de México
| | - Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán, 28930, Colima, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez
- Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, 76140, Querétaro, Mexico
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Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Jonsson NN, Bhushan C. Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3-29. [PMID: 29152691 PMCID: PMC5748392 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger I Rodriguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chandra Bhushan
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Alee 10, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
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Costa-Júnior LM, Miller RJ, Alves PB, Blank AF, Li AY, Pérez de León AA. Acaricidal efficacies of Lippia gracilis essential oil and its phytochemicals against organophosphate-resistant and susceptible strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Vet Parasitol 2016; 228:60-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang T, Cui X, Zhang J, Wang H, Wu M, Zeng H, Cao Y, Liu J, Hu Y. Screening and Identification of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:789-93. [PMID: 26797451 PMCID: PMC4725241 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore tick proteins as potential targets for further developing vaccine against ticks, the total proteins of unfed female Dermacentor silvarum were screened with anti-D. silvarum serum produced from rabbits. The results of western blot showed that 3 antigenic proteins of about 100, 68, and 52 kDa were detected by polyclonal antibodies, which means that they probably have immunogenicity. Then, unfed female tick proteins were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE, and target proteins (100, 68, and 52 kDa) were cut and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, respectively. The comparative results of peptide sequences showed that they might be vitellogenin (Vg), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), respectively. These data will lay the foundation for the further validation of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by D. silvarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xuejiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Post and Telecommunication Technical College, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Laboratory of Cell and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050081, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
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Jiang X, Gao J, Wang W, Xu M, Li W, Qi M, Yang C, Ji L, Zhang D, Luo J, Yin H. Molecular characterization of an alanine-, proline-, glycine-, threonine-, and serine-rich protein of the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in sheep. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barbosa CDS, Borges LMF, Nicácio J, Alves RD, Miguita CH, Violante IMP, Hamerski L, Garcez WS, Garcez FR. In vitro activities of plant extracts from the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 60:421-430. [PMID: 23344640 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 73 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 44 plant species belonging to 24 families, native to the Mid-Western region of Brazil, were assessed in vitro for their effect on the reproductive cycle of engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, using the adult immersion test. All extracts were evaluated at the concentration of 0.2 % and, among the extracts tested, the one obtained from the fruits of Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) proved to be highly efficacious, showing 99.1 % of product effectiveness. Extracts from other three species were shown to be moderately active, namely Nymphaea amazonum trunk (Nymphaeaceae) [51.7 %], Strychnos pseudoquina trunk (Loganiaceae) [48 %] [corrected] and Ocotea lancifolia leaves (Lauraceae) [34.5 %], while the remaining extracts were shown to be weakly active or inactive. This is the first report on the bioactivity of these species on egg production by engorged females of R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, Aquidauana, MS 79200-000, Brazil.
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Hu Y, Zhang J, Yang S, Wang H, Zeng H, Zhang T, Liu J. Screening and molecular cloning of a protective antigen from the midgut of Haemaphysalis longicornis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:327-34. [PMID: 23864744 PMCID: PMC3712107 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling tick infestations. Haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane were screened for protective value against bites. The western blot demonstrated the immunogenicity of 92 kDa protein (P92). The analysis of the P92 amino acid sequence by LC-MS/MS indicated that it was a H. longicornis paramyosin (Hl-Pmy). The full lenghth cDNA of Hl-Pmy was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) which consisted of 2,783 bp with a 161 bp 3' untranslated region. Sequence alignment of tick paramyosin (Pmy) showed that Hl-Pmy shared a high level of conservation among ticks. Comparison with the protective epitope sequence of other invertebrate Pmy, it was calculated that the protective epitope of Hl-Pmy was a peptide (LEEAEGSSETVVEMNKKRDTE) named LEE, which was close to the N-terminal of Hl-Pmy protein. The secondary structure analysis suggested that LEE had non-helical segments within an α-helical structure. These results provide the basis for developing a vaccine against biting H. longicornis ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Characterization of a concealed antigen Hq05 from the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in sheep. Vaccine 2009; 27:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Cloning and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding troponin T from tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (Acari: Ixodidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dantas-Torres F. The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. Vet Parasitol 2008; 152:173-85. [PMID: 18280045 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. R. sanguineus ticks are widely distributed around the world and they are known vectors of pathogens, such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, and Rickettsia conorii. The increasing number of cases of human parasitism by R. sanguineus ticks reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between humans and R. sanguineus ticks may be more common than it is actually recognized. The indiscriminate use of acaricides is an emerging problem worldwide and has led to the selection of acaricide resistant tick strains. In this article, the medical and veterinary importance, taxonomy, biology, and ecology of R. sanguineus ticks around the world are reviewed. It also discusses the current strategies for the control of R. sanguineus, highlighting the potential risks associated to the improper use of acaricides, such as environmental pollution and toxicity to humans and other non-target organisms (e.g., tick predators).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Caixa Postal 7472, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Campus UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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12
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Li AY, Chen AC, Miller RJ, Davey RB, George JE. Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:882-9. [PMID: 17665370 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), in Mexico and many other countries relies on chemical acaricides. Boophilus microplus has developed resistance to all major classes of acaricides in recent years. To gain a better understanding of the resistance and to develop resistance management strategies that benefit both Mexican ranchers and USDA's cattle fever tick eradication program (CFTEP), the authors used larval bioassay techniques to determine levels of resistance to permethrin and amitraz and then evaluated synergism between these two acaricides in one susceptible laboratory tick strain and four resistant strains originating from Mexico and Brazil. To examine mechanisms of resistance to permethrin in these strains, the frequency of a mutated sodium channel gene was determined using a PCR assay. The tick strains from Mexico and Brazil demonstrated 49.4- to over 672.2-fold resistance to permethrin, and up to 94.5-fold resistance to amitraz. While the San Roman strain from Mexico was the most permethrin-resistant strain, the Santa Luiza strain from Brazil was the most amitraz-resistant strain. A significant correlation was found between the permethrin resistance ratio and the allelic frequency of the sodium channel mutation. Significant synergism between permethrin and amitraz was found when one acaricide was tested in the presence of another. Synergism ratios ranged from 1.5 to 54.9 when amitraz was tested as a synergist for permethrin. Similar synergism ratios were obtained when permethrin was tested as a synergist for amitraz. Permethrin caused virtually no mortality in the San Roman strain, even at the highest concentration (3294 microg cm(-2)). Adding amitraz (11.0 microg cm(-2)) to permethrin led to a dramatic increase in larval mortality, even at very low concentrations of permethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Li
- USDA, ARS, Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
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Klafke GM, Sabatini GA, de Albuquerque TA, Martins JR, Kemp DH, Miller RJ, Schumaker TTS. Larval immersion tests with ivermectin in populations of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2006; 142:386-90. [PMID: 16904265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Larval immersion tests (LIT) with commercial formulation of ivermectin were carried out with larvae of two field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from commercial dairy farms of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil and a susceptible strain (Porto Alegre) to differentiate resistant-suspected and susceptible strains. One of the populations tested (Barra Alegre) showed a LC(50) value significantly higher than the susceptible strain and a resistance ratio (CI95%) of 3.78 (3.47-4.12), leading to suspect that this population shows traces of resistance to ivermectin. Population Sao Francisco, with no records of ivermectin injections on cattle, showed no difference on the ivermectin response in relation to Porto Alegre strain characterizing it as susceptible. Although LIT is not yet recommended by FAO to diagnose resistance to acaricides, this technique was successful on the differentiation of resistance-suspected population and a susceptible strain and can be used to detect populations of R. (B.) microplus resistant to ivermectin. This is the first report of R. (B.) microplus resistant to ivermectin detected by an in vitro bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Klafke
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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