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Miranda MRA, Uchôa AF, Ferreira SR, Ventury KE, Costa EP, Carmo PRL, Machado OLT, Fernandes KVS, Amancio Oliveira AE. Chemical Modifications of Vicilins Interfere with Chitin-Binding Affinity and Toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Insect: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5596-5605. [PMID: 32343573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vicilins are related to cowpea seed resistance toward Callosobruchus maculatus due to their ability to bind to chitinous structures lining larval midgut. However, this binding mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we identified chitin binding sites and investigated how in vitro and in silico chemical modifications interfere with vicilin chitin binding and insect toxicity. In vitro assays showed that unmodified vicilin strongly binds to chitin matrices, mainly with acetylated chitin. Chemical modifications of specific amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, tyrosine), as well as glutaraldehyde cross-linking, decreased the evaluated parameters. In silico analyses identified at least one chitin binding site in vicilin monomer, the region between Arg208 and Lys216, which bears the sequence REGIRELMK and forms an α helix, exposed in the 3D structure. In silico modifications of Lys223 (acetylated at its terminal nitrogen) and Trp316 (iodinated to 7-iodine-L-tryptophan or oxidized to β-oxy-indolylalanine) decreased vicilin chitin binding affinity. Glucose, sucrose, and N-acetylglucosamine also interfered with vicilin chitin binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel A Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza Ceará 60440554, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Uchôa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil
| | - Sarah R Ferreira
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Kayan E Ventury
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Evenilton P Costa
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Leitão Carmo
- NUPEN, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Olga L T Machado
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Katia V S Fernandes
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Antonia Elenir Amancio Oliveira
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
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Lu M, Tian X, Yang X, Yuan C, Ehsan M, Liu X, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of Haemonchus contortus galectin bind to distinct receptors of goat PBMC and contribute differently to its immunomodulatory functions in host-parasite interactions. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:409. [PMID: 28870237 PMCID: PMC5584048 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hco-gal-m is a tandem-repeat galectin isolated from the adult worm of Haemonchus contortus. A growing body of studies have demonstrated that Hco-gal-m could exert its immunomodulatory effects on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to facilitate the immune evasion. Our previous work revealed that C-terminal and N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) of Hco-gal-m had different sugar binding abilities. However, whether different domains of Hco-gal-m account differently for its multiple immunomodulatory functions in the host-parasite interaction remains to be elucidated. RESULTS We found that the N-terminal CRD of Hco-gal-m (MNh) and the C-terminal CRD (MCh) could bind to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells by distinct receptors: transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) was a binding receptor of MNh, while transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) was a binding receptor of MCh. In addition, MCh was much more potent than MNh in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, while MNh was much more effective in inhibiting NO production. Moreover, MNh could suppress the transcription of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but MCh not. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that these two CRDs of Hco-gal-m bind to distinct receptors and contributed differently to its ability to downregulate host immune response. These results will improve our understanding of galectins from parasitic nematodes contributing to the mechanism of parasitic immune evasion and continue to illustrate the diverse range of biological activities attributable to the galectin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingMin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoWei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XinChao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XinChao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - LiXin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoKai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangRui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Hwang EY, Jeong MS, Park SK, Ha SC, Yu HS, Jang SB. Structural Basis for Carbohydrate Recognition and Anti-inflammatory Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Toxascaris leonina Galectin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25326-25338. [PMID: 27742836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxascaris leonina galectin (Tl-gal) is a galectin-9 homologue protein isolated from an adult worm of the canine gastrointestinal nematode parasite, and Tl-gal-vaccinated challenge can inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease-induced mice. We determined the first X-ray structures of full-length Tl-gal complexes with carbohydrates (lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-tetraose, sialyllactose, and glucose). Bonds were formed on concave surfaces of both carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) in Tl-gal. All binding sites were found in the HXXXR and WGXEER motifs. Charged Arg61/Arg196 and Glu80/Glu215 on the conserved motif of Tl-gal N-terminal CRD and C-terminal CRD are critical amino acids for recognizing carbohydrate binding, and the residues can affect protein folding and structure. The polar amino acids His, Asn, and Trp are also important residues for the interaction with carbohydrates through hydrogen bonding. Hemagglutination activities of Tl-gal were inhibited by interactions with carbohydrates and mutations. We found that the mutation of Tl-gal (E80A/E215A) at the carbohydrate binding region induced protein aggregation and could be caused in many diseases. The short linker region between the N-terminal and C-terminal CRDs of Tl-gal was very stable against proteolysis and maintained its biological activity. This structural information is expected to elucidate the carbohydrate recognition mechanism of Tl-gal and improve our understanding of anti-inflammatory mediators and modulators of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Hwang
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241
| | - Sang Kyun Park
- the Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 49, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Ha
- the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80, Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, and
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- the Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 49, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241,
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Yuan C, Zhang H, Wang W, Li Y, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Transmembrane protein 63A is a partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin in the regulation of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:211. [PMID: 25879191 PMCID: PMC4404006 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hco-gal-m and -f were two isoforms of galectin cloned from male and female Haemonchus contortus, respectively, and it was demonstrated that recombinant Hco-gal-m and -f could act as immune suppressors. However, little is known about the receptors or binding partners of these galectins in the host. The research of the molecular mechanisms that govern the interactions between these galectins and host molecules will fill a gap in our understanding how parasite galectins interact with host cells. Methods A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify the binding partners of Hco-gal-m and -f in this research. The interaction between rHco-gal-m and candidate binding protein was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. The localization of transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of TMEM63A in T cells, B cells and monocytes in PBMCs was detected by flow cytometry. The immunomodulatory effects of Hco-gal-m and TMEM63A on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion were observed by co-incubation of rHco-gal-m and TMEM63A-siRNA with goat PBMCs and monocytes. Results We found that TMEM63A, a functionally unknown protein, from goat PBMCs could bind to Hco-gal-m and -f. Immunofluorescence showed that TMEM63A was localized to the cell membrane. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TMEM63A was expressed in the majority of goat PBMCs. After using RNA interference to knockdown expression of TMEM63A, the PBMC proliferation and migration were significantly increased, while the influence of rHco-gal-m on monocyte phagocytosis, PBMC nitric oxide production and migration were potently blocked. In addition, the production of IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β induced by rHco-gal-m were also altered. Conclusions Our results show that TMEM63A is a binding partner of Hco-gal-m/f, and involved in the immune responses of host PBMCs induced by Hco-gal-m for the first time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0816-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - LiXin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoKai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiangRui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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