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De Velasco-Reyes I, Cruz-Vázquez C, Medina-Esparza L, Vitela-Mendoza I, Ángel-Sahagún CA, Gómez-Leyva JF. Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for Infection by Neospora caninum in Dairy Farm Dogs in North-Central Mexico. J Parasitol 2020; 106:312-315. [PMID: 32330280 DOI: 10.1645/18-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and incidence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs that are in close contact with dairy cattle and to identify possible risk factors associated with the infection in this population. Twenty-four dogs located in 8 different dairy farms of Aguascalientes, Mexico, were evaluated for a 6-mo period. Once a month a sample of serum and a sample of peripheral blood was collected. The serum was used to detect antibodies against N. caninum by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique, and the blood was used to detect parasite's DNA. The association between seroprevalence and possible risk factors was estimated using logistic regression. The prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 54% in the first month, 62% in the last month, and the incidence was 8.69%. One farm had no positive cases. Antibody titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:800. Parasite DNA was not detected in any of the samples. Only the age (>6 yr) of the dogs was identified as a risk factor for infection by N. caninum (P ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- I De Velasco-Reyes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - C Cruz-Vázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - L Medina-Esparza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - I Vitela-Mendoza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - C A Ángel-Sahagún
- División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato. Ex Hacienda El Copal, km. 7 carretera Irapuato-Silao, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - J F Gómez-Leyva
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Tecnológico Nacional de México. Km 10 carretera Tlajomulco, San Miguel Cuyutlán, 45640, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México
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Does Neospora caninum cause reproductive problems in pigs? Vet Parasitol 2019; 275:108934. [PMID: 31600613 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is known to cause reproductive disturbances in several animal species, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. However, research on the effects of N. caninum on reproduction in pigs is limited. The objective of this study was to verify the transplacental transmission of N. caninum in pigs during several gestational stages. Twelve healthy Toxoplasma gondii and N. caninum seronegative female pigs were selected and separated into four groups of three animals each. Group A was maintained as a control group. Groups B, C, and D were inoculated intravenously with 2.9 × 107 tachyzoites of the N. caninum strain Nc1, 30 days before conception and at 45 and 90 days of gestation, respectively. Blood samples were collected from females periodically through IFAT for IgG and IgM screening to confirm the infection. At birth, after blood samples were collected from the piglets, they were then euthanized for the collection of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and diaphragm, which were then subjected to PCR. All inoculated gilts seroconverted (IgG) from the seventh day after inoculation. Nine of the 12 females expelled 24 mummified fetuses at the time of delivery, two in group A (eight), two in group B (four), three in group C (nine), and two in group D (three). Of the 24 mummified fetuses, nine were positive for N. caninum (one (25%) fetus of group B, seven (77.8%) of group C, and one (33.3%) of group D). A total of 126 live piglets were born. When the organs of the piglets from the inoculated females were analyzed by PCR for N. caninum, 88 (93.61%) were positive. All gilts inoculated produced at least one positive piglet. This demonstrates that there is transplacental transmission of N. caninum in all phases of gestation, regardless of the time of infection.
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Cui Z, Dong H, Wang R, Jian F, Zhang S, Ning C, Zhang L. A canine model of experimental infection with Cryptosporidium canis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 195:19-23. [PMID: 30261189 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a genus of protozoal parasites that affects the gastrointestinal epithelium of a variety of hosts. Several models of experimental infection have been described to study the susceptibility, infectivity and pathogenicity among different Cryptosporidium species and isolates. This study aimed to establish an experimental infection of Cryptodporidium canis in canids. Infectivity and pathogenicity have been measured by evaluating the clinical status, pattern of oocyst excretion and histological examination. Results showed that C. canis was not infective for immunocompetent dogs or mice with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID). Oocysts were first detected in the feces of immunosuppressed dogs on day 3 post-infection (p.i.), with levels peaking twice on days 10 and 17 p.i. during the patent period. cryptosporidial developmental stages were found in the duodenum and jejunum of dogs in histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histopathological changes in the intestinal tract of infected dogs were characterized by epithelial metaplasia and dilatation; the integrity of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells was distinctly damaged with whole sheets of cilia sloughed away. Ultrastructural observation data were consistent with histological observations. Based on these findings, the canine model described in this work will be useful to evaluate clinical, parasitological and histological aspects of C. canis infection and will be useful for the further understanding of cryptosporidiosis, drug development, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heping Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, China.
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Magaña A, Sánchez F, Villa K, Rivera L, Morales E. Systemic neosporosis in a dog treated for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:592-6. [PMID: 26345698 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old male Toy Poodle was presented to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Autonomous University of Mexico (FMVZ, UNAM) because of depression, lethargy, and hemorrhages involving several areas of the skin and around the eyes. Hematology data and a bone marrow analysis suggested hemolytic anemia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. The dog was treated with prednisone, and after one month the hematology variables improved. However, the dog's clinical condition inexplicably worsened and it was euthanized. On necropsy, there were no relevant findings. However, in histology, multifocal lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic meningoencephalitis and necrosis, and a protozoan cyst in the cerebellum were identified. In addition, moderate multifocal lymphoplasmacytic and necrotizing pancreatitis, hepatitis, myocarditis, and diffuse lymphoplasmacytic enteritis were observed. Immunohistochemistry of the cerebellum, liver, pancreas, and intestine with a specific antibody against Neospora caninum confirmed the diagnosis of systemic neosporosis. The systemic neosporosis in this dog was most likely caused by reactivation of latent parasites due to prednisone administration during the one month of treatment. It should be kept in mind that in dogs being treated with immunosuppressants for immune-mediated conditions, opportunistic parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii and N caninum, can be reactivated from a latent state, as it probably happened in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Magaña
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México, México
| | - Félix Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México, México
| | - Karina Villa
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México, México
| | - Liliana Rivera
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México, México
| | - Elizabeth Morales
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México, México
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Kul O, Atmaca HT, Anteplioglu T, Ocal N, Canpolat S. Neospora caninum: the First Demonstration of the Enteroepithelial Stages in the Intestines of a Naturally Infected Dog. J Comp Pathol 2015; 153:9-13. [PMID: 25981437 PMCID: PMC7094438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A 1.5-month-old Kangal breed puppy from a dairy cattle farm died after showing severe diarrhoea and incoordination. Necropsy examination revealed multifocal pulmonary consolidation and necrosis and fibrinohaemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopically, there was necrotic and purulent bronchopneumonia, myocarditis and non-purulent encephalitis. In the jejunum and ileum there was villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia with oocyst-like and schizont-like structures in the epithelia. Immunohistochemically, Neospora caninum antigen was detected in association with the intestinal protozoal structures, degenerative neurons and areas of necrosis in the lungs and heart. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the organism was N. caninum and not Toxoplasma gondii. The seroprevalence for N. caninum was 74.2% (49/66 animals) for the cattle and 57.1% (4/7 animals) for dogs on this farm. This report documents fatal systemic neosporosis and enteroepithelial stages of N. caninum in a naturally infected puppy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first definition of intestinal neosporosis in a naturally infected dog as well as the first evidence of fatal canine neosporosis in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kul
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Kirikkale, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey.
| | - H T Atmaca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Kirikkale, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - T Anteplioglu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Kirikkale, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - N Ocal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - S Canpolat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Kirikkale, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Munhoz AD, Mineo TWP, Alessi AC, Lopes CWG, Machado RZ. Assessment of experimental infection for dogs usingGallus gallus chorioallantoic membranes inoculated withNeospora caninum. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2013; 22:565-70. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate parasitism kinetics and tissue lesions in the first week of infection by Neospora caninum in dogs fed Gallus gallus chorioallantoic membranes (CMs) previously infected in ovo. Five two-month-old pups were used. Each dog was given five CMs that were previously infected with N. caninum via the oral route. Four animals were euthanized in the first week of infection. All four dogs had their stools examined one week prior to and up to the day they were euthanized. The stools of the uneuthanized dog were collected for 30 days. After euthanasia, organ sections were utilized for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescent tissue reactions, PCR and real-time PCR to detect parasites. Necropsy revealed that the small and large intestines, spleen, and lungs were affected. No oocysts orN. caninum DNA were identified in the stool samples. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive technique used to detect the protozoa in tissues, which were identified in 41% of the analyzed samples. Our results indicate that an experimental model using previously infected CMs appears to be a useful model for the study of the host-parasite relationship during the infection's acute phase.
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Müller J, Hemphill A. In vitro culture systems for the study of apicomplexan parasites in farm animals. Int J Parasitol 2012; 43:115-24. [PMID: 23000674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture systems represent powerful tools for the study of apicomplexan parasites such as Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Sarcocystis, Neospora, Toxoplasma, Besnoitia, Babesia and Theileria, all with high relevance for farm animals. Proliferative stages of these parasites have been cultured in vitro employing a large variety of cell culture and explant approaches. For some, such as Cryptosporidium and Eimeria, the sexual development has been reproduced in cell cultures, while for others, animal experimentation is required to fulfill the life cycle. In vitro cultures have paved the way to exploit the basic biology of these organisms, and had a major impact on the development of tools for diagnostic purposes. With the aid of in vitro cultivation, studies on host-parasite interactions, on factors involved in innate resistance, stage conversion and differentiation, genetics and transfection technology, vaccine candidates and drug effectiveness could be carried out. The use of transgenic parasites has facilitated high-throughput screening of anti-microbial compounds that are active against the proliferative stages. Here, we review the basic features of cell culture-based in vitro systems for apicomplexan parasites that are relevant for farm animals, and discuss their applications with a focus on drug identification and studies of stage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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Cavalcante GT, Monteiro RM, Soares RM, Nishi SM, Alves Neto AF, Esmerini PDO, Sercundes MK, Martins J, Gennari SM. Shedding of Neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed different tissues from naturally infected cattle. Vet Parasitol 2011; 179:220-3. [PMID: 21450407 PMCID: PMC7131750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. The distribution of N. caninum in tissues of adult cattle is unknown and the parasite has not been demonstrated histologically in tissues of cows. In the present study the distribution of N. caninum in different tissues of adult cattle was evaluated by bioassays in dogs. Seventeen dogs (2–3 month-old) were fed different tissues of 4 naturally exposed adult cattle (indirect fluorescent antibody test N. caninum titer ≥400): 5 were fed with masseter; 5 with heart, 3 with liver, 4 with brain, and 3 pups were used as non-infected control. Two dogs fed masseter, 2 fed heart, 1 fed liver, and 3 fed brain shed oocysts, and all dogs presented no seroconvertion to N. caninum during the observation period of 4 weeks. The oocysts were confirmed as N. caninum based on the detection of N. caninum-specific DNA by PCR and sequencing. The results indicate that dogs can be infected by N. caninum with different tissues of infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Cavalcante
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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Lyon C. Update on the diagnosis and management of Neospora caninum infections in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2011; 25:170-5. [PMID: 20937501 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Lyon
- Colorado State University, Clinical Sciences, 300 West Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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