1
|
Codina AV, Priotti J, Leonardi D, Vasconi MD, Lamas MC, Hinrichsen LI. Effect of sex and genotype of the host on the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole microcrystals, in the CBi-IGE Trichinella infection murine model. Parasitology 2021; 148:1545-1553. [PMID: 35060467 PMCID: PMC11010169 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is an anthelmintic pharmaceutical commonly used in the treatment of nematode infections. It is a Class II drug poorly water-soluble, with very low bioavailability, a feature particularly limiting to treat the trichinellosis chronic phase. Microcrystals obtained by controlled precipitation using hydroxyethyl cellulose and chitosan have previously been shown to improve ABZ biopharmaceutical properties. This investigation aimed to test the systems' in vivo efficacy in the CBi-IGE murine model of Trichinella spiralis infection in the infection's different phases and parasite’ stages. Treatment in the enteral phase led to a 90% decrease in the larval muscle load, probably due to its effect on T. spiralis female fecundity. Both microcrystal systems given in the migratory phase halved muscle load in males, a response not observed in females. The chitosan-based microcrystals proved to be the best when administered in the chronic phase of the infection – an increased proportion of L1 dead larvae was found compared to controls, except in CBi+-treated females. Males and females from the highly susceptible CBi+ line presented a significantly different treatment response in this phase. In vivo efficacy depended on the host genotype and sex and was related to the parasite cycle stage in which the formulations were administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana V. Codina
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGKRosario, Argentina
| | - Josefina Priotti
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - María D. Vasconi
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- Área Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - María C. Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - Lucila I. Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGKRosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lagrimas RD, Gonzales RMC, Briones JCA. Low levels of Trichinella spp. antibodies detected in domestic pigs at selected slaughterhouses with farm-based exposure assessment in Bulacan, Philippines. Vet Parasitol 2020; 297:109308. [PMID: 33858726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spp. is considered as one of the most widespread food-borne zoonotic parasites globally. The disease it causes impacts human public health, pig production, and food safety. Unfortunately in the Philippines, there is still insufficient research on the presence of Trichinella among livestock. This study aims to update its status and records in the country, by verifying the presence of Trichinella spp. IgG antibodies from the selected province, Bulacan, and link its potential presence to known animal husbandry and farm practices. This study was conducted in purposively selected slaughterhouses. Pigs were randomly selected for each slaughterhouse. Blood samples were collected and serum samples were harvested from each pig samples (n = 555). Sera were tested using ELISA for the detection of Trichinella spp. IgG antibodies. For serologically positive pigs, farm-based exposure assessment was conducted to evaluate potential routes of infection. For this study, a total of 555 blood sera, wherein three blood sera were detected to be serologically positive (low prevalence of 0.54 %, 95 % CI = 0.11-1.57). Potential infection routes point towards outdoor housing management, pigs with unknown origin, pig farms presence with rodents, and pigs fed with waste as important risks. In summary, the present paper confirms that Trichinella spp. antibodies were detected in very low prevalence in Bulacan, Philippines and demonstrated the potential utilization of antibody detection as an efficient and complementary early screening tool in Trichinella detection among pigs without immediately sacrificing livestock for the sake of testing. These results merit calls for a wider screening, testing, and isolation of Trichinella spp. in pigs from other Philippine provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Lagrimas
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Metro Manila, Philippines; Parasitology Unit, Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Laboratory Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Riva Marie C Gonzales
- Parasitology Unit, Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Laboratory Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Carlo A Briones
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Metro Manila, Philippines; Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Metro Manila, Philippines; College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Xu N, Yang Y, Liu M, Zhou Y. Evaluation of a cystatin-like protein of Trichinella spiralis for serodiagnosis and identification of immunodominant epitopes using monoclonal antibodies. Vet Parasitol 2020; 297:109127. [PMID: 32439275 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An antigenic cystatin-like protein (Ts-CLP) selected from cDNA library of intestinal infective larvae at 6 h post-infection, was expressed by prokaryotes in the form of a histidine-tagged protein (rTs-CLP). The fusion protein was purified by an on-column refolding procedure using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. An indirect rTs-CLP ELISA was developed using 270 known negative serum samples from commercial swine maintained under non-special pathogen free conditions. Based on the distribution of the signal-to-positive (S/P) ratio, a cut-off value was set at 0.30. Using this cut-off value, rTs-CLP ELISA was evaluated using sera from swine experimentally infected with 1000 and 50,000 muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Specific IgG antibodies were detectable by rTs-CLP ELISA as soon as 17 days post-infection (dpi), but the commercial ELISA kit based on excretory-secretory (ES) antigens did not permit detection before 21 dpi. Three monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Ts-CLP (designated 1H9, 6B5 and 7F8) were obtained by screening with both rTs-CLP ELISA and ES ELISA methods. Two dominant epitopes recognized by McAbs were determined by analysis with overlapping fusion peptides and synthetic peptides. One epitope 39 HEALFSSDLKQESGV 53 was recognized by 1H9 and 6B5, and the other epitope 178 REALFSSDSKEQSGV 192 was recognized by 7F8. The generation of McAbs against Ts-CLP and the characterization of the two dominant epitopes provide a foundation for the development of a specific early serodiagnostic strategy for T. spiralis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buncic S, Alban L, Blagojevic B. From traditional meat inspection to development of meat safety assurance programs in pig abattoirs – The European situation. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ, Pozio E, Gómez-Morales MA, López A, Mejia J, Zambrano C, Piedrahita D, Villar D. A preliminary survey of Trichinella spp. in pigs raised under controlled housing conditions in Colombia: 2014-2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:18. [PMID: 29633706 PMCID: PMC5892176 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary survey of Trichinella spp. infection was conducted in Colombian swine herds between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1,773 pigs reared on farms under controlled housing conditions and processed in 34 slaughterhouses were tested either by the artificial digestion of pooled muscle samples (n = 1,173) or by serology (n = 600). In addition, 550 rats trapped on 29 swine farm premises were also tested by artificial digestion. No positive pig samples were detected. Similarly, no Trichinella spp. muscle larvae were detected in rats. These results are in agreement with the lack of historical Trichinella infection reports in domestic and wild animals and humans in Colombia. However, a more extensive epidemiological investigation and a continuous surveillance program are needed to continue declaring swine herds in Colombia free of Trichinella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny J Chaparro-Gutiérrez
- CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edoardo Pozio
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - María A Gómez-Morales
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anderson López
- CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaime Mejia
- CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Piedrahita
- CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Villar
- CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lovera R, Fernández MS, Jacob J, Lucero N, Morici G, Brihuega B, Farace MI, Caracostantogolo J, Cavia R. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005722. [PMID: 28665952 PMCID: PMC5509364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures. Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in livestock production systems. We describe the infection of small mammals with Leptospira spp., Brucella spp., Trichinella spp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris and assess the related intrinsic and extrinsic factors in livestock production systems in central Argentina at the small mammal community, population and individual levels. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ten pig farms and eight dairy farms were studied by removal trapping of small mammals from 2008 to 2011. Each farm was sampled seasonally over the course of one year with cage and Sherman live traps. The 505 small mammals captured (14,359 trap-nights) included three introduced murine rodents, four native rodents and two opossums. Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp. antibodies and Trichinella spp. were found in the three murine rodents and both opossums. Rattus norvegicus was also infected with C. fasciolaris; Akodon azarae and Oligoryzomys flavescens with Leptospira spp.; anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were found in A. azarae. Two or more pathogens occurred simultaneously on 89% of the farms, and each pathogen was found on at least 50% of the farms. Pathogen infections increased with host abundance. Infection by Leptospira spp. also increased with precipitation and during warm seasons. The occurrence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies was higher on dairy farms and during the winter and summer. The host abundances limit values, from which farms are expected to be free of the studied pathogens, are reported. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Murine rodents maintain pathogens within farms, whereas other native species are likely dispersing pathogens among farms. Hence, we recommend preventing and controlling murines in farm dwellings and isolating farms from their surroundings to avoid contact with other wild mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Lovera
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jens Jacob
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants – Julius Kuehn Institute, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Nidia Lucero
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” (ANLIS), Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morici
- Área de Parasitología, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Brihuega
- Laboratorio del Leptospirosis, Referencia OIE, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farace
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” (ANLIS), Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Caracostantogolo
- Área de Parasitología, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sequeira GJ, Zbrun MV, Soto LP, Astesana DM, Blajman JE, Rosmini MR, Frizzo LS, Signorini ML. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Trichinellosis Caused by Consumption of Pork Meat Sausages in Argentina. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:167-76. [PMID: 26227185 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, there are three known species of genus Trichinella; however, Trichinella spiralis is most commonly associated with domestic pigs and it is recognized as the main cause of human trichinellosis by the consumption of products made with raw or insufficiently cooked pork meat. In some areas of Argentina, this disease is endemic and it is thus necessary to develop a more effective programme of prevention and control. Here, we developed a quantitative risk assessment of human trichinellosis following pork meat sausage consumption, which may be used to identify the stages with greater impact on the probability of acquiring the disease. The quantitative model was designed to describe the conditions in which the meat is produced, processed, transported, stored, sold and consumed in Argentina. The model predicted a risk of human trichinellosis of 4.88 × 10(-6) and an estimated annual number of trichinellosis cases of 109. The risk of human trichinellosis was sensitive to the number of Trichinella larvae that effectively survived the storage period (r = 0.89), the average probability of infection (PPinf ) (r = 0.44) and the storage time (Storage) (r = 0.08). This model allowed assessing the impact of different factors influencing the risk of acquiring trichinellosis. The model may thus help to select possible strategies to reduce the risk in the chain of by-products of pork production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Sequeira
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D M Astesana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J E Blajman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M R Rosmini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Faculty of Agricultural Science, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pozio E. Searching for Trichinella: not all pigs are created equal. Trends Parasitol 2013; 30:4-11. [PMID: 24314577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Each year, millions of pigs worldwide are tested for Trichinella spp. at slaughterhouses with negative results. Yet, thousands of people acquire trichinellosis by consuming pork. So, where is the problem? Testing for Trichinella spp. is often performed on the 'wrong' animals; while the parasites are mainly circulating in backyard and free-ranging pigs, herds kept under controlled management conditions are the ones tested. Veterinary services should: (i) introduce a risk-based surveillance system for Trichinella by documenting the control of housing conditions and feedstuff sources, and (ii) introduce a capillary network of field laboratories for monitoring the parasites in free-ranging and backyard pigs. Investment of funds into the education of farmers, hunters, and consumers should be a priority for public health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pozio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baer AA, Miller MJ, Dilger AC. Pathogens of Interest to the Pork Industry: A Review of Research on Interventions to Assure Food Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arica A. Baer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1503 S
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Div. of Nutritional Sciences; 905 S.; Goodwin Ave.; Urbana; IL 61801; U.S.A
| | - Anna C. Dilger
- Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1503 S
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prevalence and some risk factors associated with trichinellosis in backyard pig farms in Zaria, Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:1149-52. [PMID: 23264057 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of trichinellosis in backyard-farmed pigs and the risk factors associated with the infection in Zaria, Kaduna State. Serum samples were collected from 120 pigs selected at random from 50 small backyard farms, and the presence of Trichinella spp. antibodies was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data on farm management practices from the farms were obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of Trichinella spp.-specific antibodies was 40 % (48/120) by ELISA. All the extensive farms sampled had at least one Trichinella-positive animal. The age and sex of the animals were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with the infection; however, the management systems, presence of rodents, rodent control, and access to dead pigs showed significant (p<0.05) association with Trichinella spp.-infected pigs on the farm. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of antibodies to trichinellosis in backyard raised pigs in Zaria, and intensive pig farming with the adoption of proper biosecurity measures is advocated to prevent the transmission and spread of trichinellosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui J, Wang ZQ. An epidemiological overview of swine trichinellosis in China. Vet J 2011; 190:323-8. [PMID: 21296013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a major food-borne zoonosis with health, social, and economic impacts. Epidemiological data on swine trichinellosis in China from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from seven Provinces/autonomous regions/Municipalities (P/A/M) and analyzed and sero-epidemiological data were acquired from five P/A. The seroprevalence ranged from 0.01% to 29.95% as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an immunochromatographic strip method. The prevalence of Trichinella infection in swine slaughtered at abattoirs varied from 0% to 5.75% in five P/A. Between 2005 and 2009, endemic areas of swine trichinellosis were located mainly in the Western (Guangxi and Qinghai), central (Henan and Hubei), and North-eastern parts (Heilongjiang) of China. Swine trichinellosis in China is transmitted mostly through garbage. Pigs infected with Trichinella are predominately from small backyard farms where animals are raised under poor hygienic conditions, and from rural and mountainous areas where they range freely at pasture. The prevalence of Trichinella in pork sold at the market was reported in four P/A, and varied from 0.06% to 5.6% as determined by trichinoscopy or the digestion method. From 2005 to 2009, 15 outbreaks of human trichinellosis, with 1387 cases and 4 deaths, were recorded in three P/A of South-western China. Twelve (85.71%) of these 15 outbreaks were caused by the eating of raw or undercooked pork, which remains the predominant source of trichinellosis in humans. Pig-rearing practices must be improved, and mandatory inspection of pork further strengthened in rural and mountainous areas in Western China for the control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Major structural changes in livestock production in developed countries, particularly intensive confinement production and increases in herd and flock sizes, have raised several societal concerns about the future directions and implications of livestock food production, including the safety of meat products. This review of the major parasitic and bacterial foodborne pathogens associated with pork production indicates that pork safety in the United States has improved demonstrably over recent decades. Most notably, changes in swine production methods have been associated with virtual elimination of risk of the foodborne parasites Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii from pigs reared on modern intensive farms. This represents a substantial public health achievement that has gone largely unheralded. Regulatory changes have led to demonstrably lower prevalence of Salmonella on pork carcasses, but control of bacterial foodborne pathogens on farms remains a significant challenge. Available evidence does not support the hypothesis that intensive pork production has increased risk for the major bacterial foodborne pathogens that are common commensals of the pig (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria, and Yersinia enterocolitica), or that pigs produced in alternative systems are at reduced risk of colonization with these organisms. However, pigs raised in outdoor systems inherently confront higher risks of exposure to foodborne parasites, particularly T. gondii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Davies
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ribicich M, Gamble HR, Bolpe J, Scialfa E, Krivokapich S, Cardillo N, Betti A, Cambiaggi Holzmann ML, Pasqualetti M, Fariña F, Rosa A. Trichinella infection in wild animals from endemic regions of Argentina. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:377-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Comparing the demonstration of freedom from Trichinella infection of domestic pigs by traditional and risk-based surveillance. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138:1242-51. [PMID: 20067658 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268809991518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYTraditionally, the routine artificial digestion test is applied to assess the presence of Trichinella larvae in pigs. However, this diagnostic method has a low sensitivity compared to serological tests. The results from artificial digestion tests in Switzerland were evaluated over a time period of 15 years to determine by when freedom from infection based on these data could be confirmed. Freedom was defined as a 95% probability that the prevalence of infection was below 0·0001%. Freedom was demonstrated after 12 years at the latest. A new risk-based surveillance approach was then developed based on serology. Risk-based surveillance was also assessed over 15 years, starting in 2010. It was shown that by using this design, the sample size could be reduced by at least a factor of 4 when compared with the traditional testing regimen, without lowering the level of confidence in the Trichinella-free status of the pig population.
Collapse
|