1
|
LeVine DN, Kidd L, Garden OA, Brooks MB, Goggs R, Kohn B, Mackin AJ, Eldermire ERB, Chang Y, Allen J, Christopherson PW, Glanemann B, Maruyama H, Naskou MC, Nielsen LN, Shropshire S, Viall AK, Birkenheuer AJ, Forman MA, Hanzlicek AS, Langner KF, Lashnits E, Lunn KF, Makielski KM, Roura X, Spada E. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1958-1981. [PMID: 38752421 PMCID: PMC11256148 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common acquired primary hemostatic disorder in dogs. Immune thrombocytopenia less commonly affects cats but is an important cause of mortality and treatment-associated morbidity in both species. Immune thrombocytopenia remains a diagnosis of exclusion for which diagnostic guidelines are lacking. Primary, or non-associative, ITP refers to autoimmune platelet destruction. Secondary, or associative, ITP arises in response to an underlying disease trigger. However, evidence for which comorbidities serve as ITP triggers has not been systematically evaluated. To identify key diagnostic steps for ITP and important comorbidities associated with secondary ITP, we developed 12 Population Evaluation/Exposure Comparison Outcome (PECO) format questions. These questions were addressed by evidence evaluators utilizing a literature pool of 287 articles identified by the panelists using a structured search strategy. Evidence evaluators, using panel-designed templates and data extraction tools, summarized evidence and created guideline recommendations that then were integrated by diagnosis and comorbidity domain chairs. The revised PECO responses underwent a Delphi survey process to reach consensus on final guidelines. A combination of panel expertise and PECO responses were employed to develop algorithms for diagnosis of ITP in dogs and cats, which also underwent 4 iterations of Delphi review. Comorbidity evidence evaluators employed an integrated measure of evidence (IME) tool to determine evidence quality for each comorbidity; IME values combined with evidence summaries for each comorbidity were integrated to develop ITP screening recommendations, which also were subjected to Delphi review. Commentary was solicited from multiple relevant professional organizations before finalizing the consensus. The final consensus statement provides clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of, and underlying disease screening for, ITP in dogs and cats. The systematic consensus process identified numerous knowledge gaps that should guide future studies. This statement is a companion manuscript to the ACVIM Consensus Statement on the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana N. LeVine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary MedicinePomonaCaliforniaUSA
- Zoetis Animal Health DiagnosticsParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Marjory B. Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew J. Mackin
- College of Veterinary MedicineMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | - Erin R. B. Eldermire
- Flower‐Sprecher Veterinary Library, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Yu‐Mei Chang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Julie Allen
- Veterinary Information NetworkDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityChiyoda CityJapan
| | - Maria C. Naskou
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Lise N. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sarah Shropshire
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Austin K. Viall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam J. Birkenheuer
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Erin Lashnits
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Kelly M. Makielski
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Eva Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesUniversity of MilanLodiItaly
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Souza JC, de Oliveira KHL, Gruener CG, Barbieri ARM, Martins TF, Soares JF, Labruna MB. Sharing of living area and exposure of domestic and wild canids to ticks, Rickettsia parkeri and Rangelia vitalii in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 43:100903. [PMID: 37451759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Spotted fever caused by the bacterium Rickettsia parkeri, and canine rangeliosis caused by the protozoan Rangelia vitalii, are emerging or re-emerging tick-borne diseases in Brazil, where the main tick vectors are Amblyomma ovale and Amblyomma aureolatum, respectively. In the present study, we evaluated exposure to R. parkeri and R. vitalii infection among domestic (Canis lupus familiaris) and wild (Cerdocyon thous) canids sharing living areas within an Atlantic Forest area of southern Brazil. Four different domestic dogs and three different wild canids were captured. Most of the ticks collected from either domestic or wild canids were identified as A. ovale and A. aureolatum. DNA of R. parkeri was amplified from 14% of the A. ovale specimens. Two domestic dogs and two wild canids were seroreactive to R. parkeri antigens with high endpoint titers (>1024). Rangelia vitalii DNA was detected in two wild canids; one of them was resampled 93 days later, again infected by R. vitalii. We report exposure/infection of domestic dogs and wild canids to R. vitalii and/or R. parkeri-infected ticks in an Atlantic Forest area shared by both canid species, indicating that they also shared the same populations of the tick vectors, A. aureolatum and A. ovale. While A. ovale, A. aureolatum, R. parkeri, R. vitalii and C. thous, are all native to the Atlantic Forest, further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of an exotic canine species - C. lupus familiaris - on the enzootic cycles of R. vitalii and R. parkeri, as well as the possible role of domestic dogs in emergence and re-emergence of R. parkeri-spotted fever in humans and canine rangeliosis, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio C de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Karina H L de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Cintia G Gruener
- Instituto Caeté- Açu para Conservação da Natureza, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Amália R M Barbieri
- Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina, CIDASC, Unidade Veterinária Local de Iomerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Martins
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João F Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses- ProtozooVet da Faculdade de Veterinária, FAVET da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A clinical and pathological description of 320 cases of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2019; 271:22-30. [PMID: 31303199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Babesia rossi causes the most severe clinical disease in dogs of all the babesia parasites. We included 320 naturally-infected dogs that presented for care at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital between 2006 and 2016. All dogs had mono-infections confirmed by multiplex PCR. The data allowed more accurate clinical classification of the disease and identified parameters that were associated with disease severity and death. Odds ratios for dying were significant (P < 0.05) for increased band neutrophil count, collapse at presentation; presence of cerebral signs; hypoglycaemia; hyperlactatemia; high urea, high creatinine; hyperbilirubinaemia; hypercortisolaemia; and hypothyroxinaemia. Joint component analysis confirmed that the variables with significant odds ratios grouped together with death. Yet, multivariate logistic regression was unable to identify a group of significant independent predictors of death. Receiver Operator Characteristic curves indicated that low total thyroid hormone, high bilirubin, high serum urea and high cortisol concentrations were the variables with the highest sensitivity and specificity for death. These data provide both the clinician and researcher with a set of easily-measured laboratory and clinical assessments to classify cases into those that are uncomplicated and those that are complicated. The disease is complex and multisystemic and probably involves mechanisms more proximal in the pathogenesis than those that have been evaluated.
Collapse
|
4
|
Presentation of hemolytic and hemorrhagic rangeliosis in Cerdocyon thous. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:690-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Silva BRD, Ferreira MDFK, Maffezzolli G, Koch MDO, Beltrame OC, Taques IIGG, Campos ANDS, Aguiar DMD, Dittrich RL. Detection molecular of Rangelia vitalii in dogs from Parana State, Southern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 28:310-313. [PMID: 30540115 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rangelia vitalii infects erythrocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells of dogs. The present study aimed to report the molecular detection confirmed by sequencing of R. vitalii in the state of Paraná, as well as describe the clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations of the infected dogs. Three sick dogs from the metropolitan area of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, underwent a physical exam, and laboratory tests included hematology, biochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene sequencing. Clinical signs included apathy, anorexia, and hemorrhage. Intra-erythrocytic and extracellular piroplasms were found on peripheral blood smears from all three dogs. Blood samples from these animals were positive for Babesia sp. by PCR targeting 18S rRNA. PCR products from all three dogs were sequenced, and BLAST analysis showed that the PCR-generated sequences were highly homologous with those of R. vitalii previously reported. Hematologic findings included severe anemia, shift of neutrophils to the regenerative left, and thrombocytopenia. Serum urea levels were increased in all three dogs, and direct bilirubin levels were elevated in one dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ressetti da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Maffezzolli
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Marília de Oliveira Koch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Olair Carlos Beltrame
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
- Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amanda Noéli da Silva Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mongruel ACB, Ikeda P, Sousa KCMD, Benevenute JL, Falbo MK, Machado RZ, Carrasco ADOT, André MR, Seki MC. Molecular detection of vector borne pathogens in anemic and thrombocytopenic dogs in southern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:505-513. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Arthropod-borne pathogens are medically important because of their ability to cause diseases in their hosts. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with anemia and thrombocytopenia in southern Brazil. EDTA-whole blood was collected from 75 domestic dogs presenting anemia or/and thrombocytopenia from Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil. DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb), piroplasmids (18S rRNA) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Among the 75 dogs, one (1.33%) was positive for Hepatozoon sp. and six (8%) were positive for piroplasmids in 18S rRNA cPCR assays. None of the dogs showed positive results in Ehrlichia spp.-cPCR targeting dsb gene. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that three piroplasm sequences were clustered with Rangellia vitalii, while one sequence was grouped with B. vogeli. The only sequence obtained from Hepatozoon spp.-PCR protocol was pooled with H. canis. Therefore, there is urgent need for differential molecular diagnosis of the two piroplasm species cited as etiological agents in clinical cases of canine hemoparasitic diseases, given the higher pathogenic potential of R. vitalii than of B. vogeli.
Collapse
|
7
|
França RT, Pillat MM, da Silva CB, Schafer AS, Dornelles GL, Costa MM, Chaves RO, de Andrade CM, Erhardt MM, Antoziazzi AQ, Ulrich H, da Silva AS, Lopes STDA. Surface immunoglobulins of erythrocytes and platelets in dogs naturally infected by Rangelia vitalii. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:245-251. [PMID: 29800698 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rangelia vitalii is a protozoan of the Babesiidae family that parasitizes domestic and wild dogs in South American countries. The main laboratory findings in blood samples from animals infected by R. vitalii are anemia and thrombocytopenia. The aim of this study was to detect IgM and IgG immunoglobulins on the surface of red blood cells and platelets, as well as to determine the percentage of reticulated platelets and reticulocytes in dogs naturally infected by R. vitalii. Blood samples from twenty dogs seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) were divided into two groups: the diseased group consisted of blood samples from 10 animals with the diagnosis of rangeliosis, and the healthy group (control) consisted of samples from 10 healthy animals. All diseased dogs showed normocytic normochromic anemia but showed no differences (p > 0.05) in reticulocyte counts compared to healthy dogs. Moreover, IgM and IgG immunoglobulins were detected on the surface of the plasma membrane of red blood cells from both groups, but the amounts did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Thrombocytopenia in infected animals was classified as severe. The percentage of reticulated platelets was higher (p < 0.001) in diseased dogs than in healthy animals. Diseased animals showed more IgM immunoglobulins bound to the surface of platelets than did the healthy group (p < 0.001). However, the amount of IgG bound to the surface of platelets was not different between groups. In conclusion, we showed that R. vitalii caused immune-mediated thrombocytopenia since IgM immunoglobulins were found on the surface of platelets of diseased dogs. We suggest that the binding of immunoglobulins on platelet surfaces contributes to early destruction of these cells and, consequently, alterations in hemostasis. An increase in reticulated platelets was noted in response to thrombocytopenia, indicating active thrombopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Machado Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lemos TD, Toma HK, Assad RQ, Silva AVD, Corrêa RGB, Almosny NRP. Clinical and hematological evaluation of Rangelia vitalii-naturally infected dogs in southeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2017; 26:307-313. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Rangelia vitalii, a tick-borne piroplasm that infects dogs, has been recently molecularly characterized in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Studies on molecular characterization of these piroplasms in different Brazilian regions are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and hematological changes in dogs caused by R. vitalii in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Blood samples from 36 dogs were evaluated for piroplasms and hematological disorders using light microscopy and molecular analysis. Blood samples from all the animals included in this study were confirmed to be positive for R. vitalii through genetic sequencing. Clinical signspresented by 24 of the 36 dogs of the study were evaluated during appointments or hospitalization within private practice. The most frequent clinical disorders in these dogs that were naturally infected with R. vitalii were fever, spontaneous cutaneous bleeding and diarrhea. Normochromic non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia were the most common hematological disorders in these R. vitalii-positive dogs and therefore should be considered in hematological evaluations on suspected cases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gottlieb J, André MR, Soares JF, Gonçalves LR, Tonial de Oliveira M, Costa MM, Labruna MB, Bortolini CE, Machado RZ, Vieira MIB. Rangelia vitalii, Babesia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in dogs in Passo Fundo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2016; 25:172-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Pathogens transmitted by ticks are an emerging problem worldwide, this study aimed to diagnose the causal agents of infection in dogs presenting suspected hemoparasitoses. Fifty-eight dogs with clinical signs such as depression, hemorrhagic diathesis and fever were evaluated regarding clinical presentation, hemogram, blood smears and serological tests, using the indirect immunofluorescence method for the agents Babesia vogeli and Ehrlichia canis and conventional PCR for Babesia spp. (gene 18S rRNA), Rangelia vitalii (gene 18S rRNA) and Ehrlichia spp. (gene dsb). Five (8.6%) of the 58 dogs were serologically positive for Babesia spp. and three (5.1%) for E. canis. Four dogs (6.8%) were positive for R. vitalii through the molecular diagnosis. The PCR products were sequenced and the DNA from R. vitalii was found to be 99% genetically identical to samples of R. vitalii that had been isolated in Brazil. No presence of Babesia spp. or E. canis was observed through PCR on the dogs evaluated here. The results indicate the presence of R. vitalii and exposure to Babesia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. among the dogs analyzed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares JF, Carvalho L, Maya L, Dutra F, Venzal JM, Labruna MB. Molecular detection of Rangelia vitalii in domestic dogs from Uruguay. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
França RT, Da Silva AS, Loretti AP, Mazzanti CM, Lopes ST. Canine rangeliosis due to Rangelia vitalii: From first report in Brazil in 1910 to current day – A review. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
França RT, Da Silva AS, Costa MM, Paim FC, Soares JF, Labruna MB, Mazzanti CM, Lopes ST. Hematologic and bone marrow changes in dogs experimentally infected withRangelia vitalii. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:31-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raqueli T. França
- Department of Small Animals; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria-RS; Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S. Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC); Chapecó-SC; Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Costa
- Department of Small Animals; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria-RS; Brazil
| | - Francine C. Paim
- Department of Small Animals; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria-RS; Brazil
| | - João F. Soares
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Health; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); São Paulo-SP; Brazil
| | - Marcelo B. Labruna
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Health; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); São Paulo-SP; Brazil
| | - Cinthia M. Mazzanti
- Department of Small Animals; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria-RS; Brazil
| | - Sonia T.A. Lopes
- Department of Small Animals; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria-RS; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paim FC, Da Silva AS, Paim CBV, França RT, Costa MM, Duarte MMMF, Sangoi MB, Moresco RN, Monteiro SG, Lopes STA. Increased cytokine and nitric oxide levels in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:133-7. [PMID: 23467990 PMCID: PMC3587743 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii. Twelve female mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups; group A (uninfected controls) composed by healthy dogs (n=5) and group B consisting of dogs inoculated with R. vitalii (n=7). Animals were monitored by blood smear examinations, which showed intraerythrocytic forms of the parasite on day 5 post-infection (PI). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein on days 0, 10, and 20 PI to determine the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NOx. Cytokines were assessed by ELISA quantitative sandwich technique, and NOx was measured by the modified Griess method. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) were increased (P<0.01) in serum of infected animals. Serum levels of NOx were also increased on days 10 PI (P<0.01) and 20 PI (P<0.05) in infected animals. Therefore, the infection with R. vitalii causes an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide content. These alterations may be associated with host immune protection against the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine C Paim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Analysis-LACVet, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paim CBV, Da Silva AS, Paim FC, França RT, Costa MM, Souza VCG, Pimentel VC, Jaques JA, Mazzanti CM, Leal DBR, Monteiro SG, Schetinger MRC, Lopes STA. Activities of ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase in platelets of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:252-7. [PMID: 22475775 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rangeliosis is a disease which affects dogs in Brazil, caused by a piroplasm known as Rangelia vitalii. This disease causes a lot of clinico-pathological features, including the coagulation disorders associated with bleeding. The cause of these changes has not yet been determined. Considering the association of purinergic system and hemostasis this study aimed to evaluate the activity of enzymes that hydrolyze ATP, ADP and AMP; and deamination of adenosine in platelets from dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. For this study, 12 healthy young dogs (females) were used, separated in two groups. Group A (n=5) were uninfected controls, and group B were experimentally infected with R. vitalii (n=7). After being inoculated with R. vitalii-infected blood, animals were monitored by blood smear examinations, which showed intra-erythrocytic forms of the parasite after five days post-inoculation (PI). Blood samples were collected to quantitate and separate platelets (Day 0, 12 and 21 PI) and to measure the enzymatic activities (Day 12 and 21 PI). The activity of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) was measured in platelets. A reduction (P<0.01) in the number of platelets was observed in R. vitalii-infected blood at Days 12 and 21 PI. At Day 12 PI, a reduction (P<0.01) in the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP, and deamination of adenosine was observed in dogs infected with R. vitalii. At Day 21 PI the ADA activity remained decreased, unlike the activity of NTPDase which increased (P<0.05). Based on these results we can conclude that ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis and adenosine deamination were altered in platelets of R. vitalii-infected dogs. Considering the importance of the purinergic system in hemostasis, it is believed that those changes contribute to the coagulation disorders and bleeding observed in R. vitalii-infected dogs and discussed in this manuscript.
Collapse
|