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Cipriani P, Giulietti L, Shayo SD, Storesund JE, Bao M, Palomba M, Mattiucci S, Levsen A. Anisakid nematodes in Trichiurus lepturus and Saurida undosquamis (Teleostea) from the South-West Indian Ocean: Genetic evidence for the existence of sister species within Anisakis typica (s.l.), and food-safety considerations. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 28:e00177. [PMID: 36072478 PMCID: PMC9442340 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda, Anisakidae) are considered among the most important biological hazards in seafood products worldwide. In temperate and tropical waters, the most common species appears to be Anisakis typica, generally found around the viscera and sporadically in the flesh of various fish host species. This study investigated the infection sites and genetic diversity of A. typica infecting commercial fishes from the South-West Indian Ocean. Largehead hairtail (N = 20) and brushtooth lizardfish (N = 72) fished off Tanzania were inspected for anisakid nematodes by UV-press. A subsample of 168 nematodes were identified by sequence analyses of the cox2 mtDNA gene and ITS region of rDNA. The species A. typica (s.l.) (N = 166), Pseudoterranova ceticola (N = 1) and Anisakis paggiae (N = 1) were molecularly identified. Phylogenetic analysis of A. typica (s.l.) sequences based on both genes, indicated the existence of two distinct phylogenetic lineages forming two well-supported clades. The first clade comprised 12 A. typica specimens including individuals from its type locality (central Atlantic Ocean). The second clade comprising 154 specimens, clustered with reference sequences retrieved from GenBank including one apparently undescribed taxon, i.e., Anisakis sp. 1, and A. typica var. indonesiensis. The two reciprocally monophyletic clades are closely related and correspond to two distinct sister species within A. typica (s.l.), presently indicated as A. typica sp. A and A. typica sp. B. Two and four fixed alternative nucleotide substitutions (SNPs), i.e., diagnostic positions, between the two taxa, respectively, were found at the mtDNA cox2 and the ITS region of rDNA. The genetic data, as well as their occurrence in sympatry, strengthens the hypothesis that the actual specimens represent two distinct gene pools. The occurrence of both A. typica sp. A and A. typica sp. B in the musculature of freshly examined T. lepturus and S. undosquamis, suggests that both species can migrate intra-vitam into the flesh. Although the zoonotic potential of A. typica s.l. is still unclear, the presence of these parasites in the musculature, edible part of the fish, raises health concerns for consumers. Phylogenetic analyses suggest the existence of two sister species within A. typica (s.l.). typica sp. A and sp. B can both migrate intra-vitam into the fish flesh. Occurrence of A. typica (s.l.) larvae in the fish flesh may raise food safety concerns.
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Bao M, Cipriani P, Giulietti L, Alam MA, Palomba M, Mattiucci S, Levsen A. Ascaridoid nematodes infecting commercially important marine fish and squid species from Bangladesh waters in the Bay of Bengal. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00157. [PMID: 35518125 PMCID: PMC9065311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic ascaridoid nematodes occur in a wide range of marine organisms across the globe. Some species of the anisakid family (Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) can cause gastrointestinal disease in humans (i. e. anisakidosis). Despite their importance as potentially hazardous parasites, the occurrence and infection characteristics of ascaridoids are still poorly known from many host species and geographical areas. This study investigated the diversity and infection levels of ascaridoid parasites in various commercial fish and squid host species off Bangladesh. Fish and squid specimens were visually inspected for nematodes using the UV-press method. Nematodes were assigned to genus level based on morphology and identified by sequence analyses of the entire ITS region and partial 28S rDNA and mtDNA cox2 genes. Third-stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica occurred at low prevalence (P = 10% and 8%, respectively) in the viscera of Selar crumenophthalmus and Trichiurus lepturus, while Hysterothylacium amoyense occurred in the viscera of Sardinella fimbriata (P = 1%) and the viscera and muscle of Harpadon nehereus (P = 32%) and T. lepturus (P = 76%). Lappetascaris sp. Type A L3 occurred in the mantle of the squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii (P = 11%). Anisakis and Lappetascaris species, and H. amoyense were firstly identified in the Bay of Bengal. The potentially zoonotic A. typica was only found in fish viscera. Hysterothylacium amoyense and Lappetascaris sp., both generally regarded as non-zoonotic, occurred at low prevalence in the muscle or mantle of fish or squid, respectively. Since consumption of raw or lightly processed seafood seems to be rare in Bangladesh, the risk of acquiring anisakidosis from consuming fishery products from off Bangladesh appears to be low. Due to its reddish appearance, the visual presence of H. amoyense larvae in fish flesh may represent a food quality issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bao
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Paolo Cipriani
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, “Sapienza-University of Rome”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Giulietti
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marialetizia Palomba
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, “Sapienza-University of Rome”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, “Sapienza-University of Rome”, Rome, Italy
| | - Arne Levsen
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
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Van Hien H, Thi Dung B, Ngo HD, Doanh PN. First morphological and molecular identification of third-stage larvae of Anisakis typica (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes in Vietnamese water. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-010. [PMID: 33860256 PMCID: PMC8039996 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisakid nematodes are parasites of cetaceans, their larval stages live in marine fishes. The third-stage larvae of some Anisakis species are also the etiological agents of human anisakiasis caused by consumption of raw or undercooked infected fish. Thus, identification of Anisakis larvae at the species level is crucial for their ecology and epidemiology. In Vietnam, although Anisakis larvae have been reported, they have not been identified to the species level. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify third-stage larvae of Anisakis collected from marine fishes in Vietnamese water, based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. All Anisakis larvae found in this study were morphologically similar to each other and identical to Anisakis typica. In addition, molecular analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences confirmed them as A. typica. Vietnamese A. typica population was genetically close to those from Asian countries and Australia. The third-stage larvae of A. typica were collected from eight fish species from three localities in the South of Vietnam. Among them, seven were recorded as new intermediate hosts of A. typica. This is the first identification of A. typica larvae in Vietnamese water with records of new fish hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Dung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Duy Ngo
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Doanh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Guo N, Chen HX, Zhang LP, Zhang JY, Yang LY, Li L. Infection and molecular identification of ascaridoid nematodes from the important marine food fish Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104562. [PMID: 32961362 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese threadfin bream N. japonicus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) is an important marine food fish in Asia. However, our present knowledge of the occurrence of its nematode parasites is still limited. In the present study, the species composition and infection rate of ascaridoid nematodes in N. japonicus from the South China Sea, were studied for the first time. Five ascaridoid species, namely Anisakis typica (L3), Hysterothylacium amoyense (L3), Hysterothylacium sp. IV-A (L3), adult of H. thalassini and Raphidascaris lophii (L3), were identified using integrative taxonomy. Hysterothylacium amoyense was the most prevalent species (prevalence 47.2%, mean intensity 14.9 ± 17.1). Hysterothylacium thalassini and R. lophii were reported in the Japanese threadfin bream for the first time. Two different genotypes of A. typica (overall prevalence of 3.4%; mean intensity 1.7 ± 0.9) were found in the South China Sea for the first time. The unique restriction polymorphism patterns of three species of Hysterothylacium are provided for rapid diagnosis. Our present results indicate that RFLP analysis of ITS region, using the restriction enzymes HhaI and RsaI, represents a simple and practical method for large-scale surveys of Hysterothylacium for seafood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hui-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Lu-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Li-Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Tunya R, Wongsawad C, Wongsawad P, Chai JY. Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Anisakis typica Larvae in Two Species of Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:15-25. [PMID: 32145723 PMCID: PMC7066448 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 Nemipterus hexodon and 50 N. japonicus, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of A. typica L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in N. hexodon and N. japonicus and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of Anisakis typica under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of A. simplex. The protruded mucron could be used to identify A. typica L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with A. typica. Conclusively, it was confirmed that A. typica L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and A. pegreffii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanachai Tunya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand
| | - Chalobol Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand
| | - Pheravut Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand
- Economic Plant Genome Service Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP), Seoul 07649,
Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
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Dundas NS, Fitzpatrick DM, McKIBBEN JS, Amadi VA, Pinckney RD. Identification of Helminth Parasites from Selar crumenophthalmus in Grenada, West Indies. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1244-1248. [PMID: 31237789 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Helminths in Selar crumenophthalmus fish were identified by PCR. Two helminth taxa were identified: Anisakis typica and an unknown acanthocephalan. Neither taxon of helminth identified is zoonotic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of either type of helminth in fish in Grenada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naudia S Dundas
- 1 Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, True Blue Campus, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Daniel M Fitzpatrick
- 2 Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, True Blue Campus, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - John S McKIBBEN
- 3 Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, True Blue Campus, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-4178 [D.M.F.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-9422 [V.A.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-2167 [R.D.P.])
| | - Victor A Amadi
- 2 Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, True Blue Campus, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Rhonda D Pinckney
- 2 Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, True Blue Campus, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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Sonko P, Chih-Cheng Chen S, Chou CM, Huang YC, Hsu SL, Barčák D, Oros M, Fan CK. Multidisciplinary approach in study of the zoonotic Anisakis larval infection in the blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) and the largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) in Northern Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 53:1021-1029. [PMID: 31182381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisakid larvae are the food-borne pathogen highly prevalent among numerous marine fishes. Accidental consumption of infected raw or poorly cooked fish fillets may cause anisakiasis. METHODS This study used the multidisciplinary approach to investigate the occurrence of Anisakis nematodes in commonly consumed fish species, Scomber australasicus and Trichiurus lepturus purchased in Taipei Xinyi traditional fish market. RESULTS All the Anisakis larvae collected herein were identified morphologically as Anisakis type I or Anisakis type II. The prevalence and the mean intensity of Anisakis larvae collected from S. australasicus was 80.77%, 26.8 (10-32) and 100%, 49.0 (27-70) for T. lepturus. Using molecular analysis, 83.33% (180/216) were identified as Anisakis pegreffii, 6.05% (13/216) as Ascaris typica, 1.85% (4/216) as Ascaris physeteris and 8.80% (19/216) as hybrid genotype (A. pegreffii + Anisakis simplex) in S. australasicus. In T. lepturus, 86.31% (290/336) were identified as A. pegreffii, 2.38% (8/336) as A. typica, and 11.31% (38/336) as hybrid genotype (A. pegreffii + A. simplex [s.s]). The molecular phylogenetic analysis shows two cluster clades, one group includes A. pegreffii complex and the other include Ascaris paggiae, Ascaris brevispiculata, and A. physeteris. CONCLUSION Thus, A. pegreffii is the most abundant species and may be the potential causes of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasaikou Sonko
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Mei Chou
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Huang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Hsu
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Costa A, Graci S, Cammilleri G, Buscemi MD, Collura R, Vella A, Ferrantelli V. Molecular Identification of Hysterothylacium spp. In Fishes From the Southern Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). J Parasitol 2018; 104:398-406. [PMID: 29762080 DOI: 10.1645/16-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples obtained from 11 teleost fish species collected in waters off of the Mediterranean coasts of Sicily, Italy, were examined for the presence of Hysterothylacium spp. larvae. In total, 3,017 fish samples were examined, and the larvae recovered were used in subsequent phylogenetic studies. Fifty-eight raphidascaridid parasitic nematodes were found in the examined fish, with prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in anchovies to 60% in forkbeard samples. Twenty-seven parasites were identified as Hysterothylacium fabri and Hysterothylacium aduncum by sequencing the following regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II ( COXII). Two other larvae collected from Lophius piscatorius had very low identity scores, with ITS and COXII sequences reported in GenBank and high genetic distances (AY603539). Pairwise comparisons between the ITS region of the H. fabri isolated from fishes from Sicilian coastal waters and those isolated from the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey (KC852206), revealed genetic differences ranging from 0.015 to 0.018. Our H. aduncum samples had very low genetic differences to H. aduncum from the Adriatic Sea (KP979763, 0.00-0.003). The concatenated phylogenetic examination of the ITS- COXII sequences by using maximum likelihood analyses indicated 3 distinct clades supported by high bootstrap values. Further molecular identification and detailed morphological analyses are needed to clarify these results and confirm the diversity and relationships within Hysterothylacium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Costa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Graci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Drussilla Buscemi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Collura
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Levsen A, Paoletti M, Nascetti G. Molecular Epidemiology of Anisakis and Anisakiasis: An Ecological and Evolutionary Road Map. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29530312 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the biodiversity, biology, distribution, ecology, epidemiology, and consumer health significance of the so far known species of Anisakis, both in their natural hosts and in human accidental host populations, worldwide. These key aspects of the Anisakis species' biology are highlighted, since we consider them as main driving forces behind which most of the research in this field has been carried out over the past decade. From a public health perspective, the human disease caused by Anisakis species (anisakiasis) appears to be considerably underreported and underestimated in many countries or regions around the globe. Indeed, when considering the importance of marine fish species as part of the everyday diet in many coastal communities around the globe, there still exist significant knowledge gaps as to local epidemiological and ecological drivers of the transmission of Anisakis spp. to humans. We further identify some key knowledge gaps related to Anisakis species epidemiology in both natural and accidental hosts, to be filled in light of new 'omic' technologies yet to be fully developed. Moreover, we suggest that future Anisakis research takes a 'holistic' approach by integrating genetic, ecological, immunobiological, and environmental factors, thus allowing proper assessment of the epidemiology of Anisakis spp. in their natural hosts, in human populations, and in the marine ecosystem, in both space and time.
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Palm HW, Theisen S, Damriyasa IM, Kusmintarsih ES, Oka IBM, Setyowati EA, Suratma NA, Wibowo S, Kleinertz S. Anisakis (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from Indonesia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 123:141-157. [PMID: 28262635 DOI: 10.3354/dao03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite Indonesia's high marine biodiversity, there is a lack of information regarding fish parasites in Indonesian waters. During a sampling of 136 teleost species from Indonesian waters, 22 of them were infected with larvae of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845, a genus with zoonotic potential. We genetically identified 118 worms, provide a revision of all available sequences of the ITS-1-5.8S-ITS-2 marker from Indonesian Anisakis in GenBank (n = 125), and establish 16 new host records. So far, 53 Indonesian teleosts harbour Anisakis spp., 32 of them with known sequence data, increasing the worldwide teleosts with genetically identified Anisakis from 155 to 177. Sequence analyses of this marker in the 243 Anisakis specimens identified 3 Anisakis sp. HC-2005 and 39 (16%) A. typica (sensu stricto). A. berlandi and A. pegreffii are reported for the first time from teleosts in the equatorial region and A. physeteris from the Pacific Ocean. The latter 3 species were exclusively found in the migratory scombrid Auxis rochei. Most common infection sites were the body cavity, with 299 (of 848) worms in the mesenteries surrounding the liver, and 129 unattached. Musculature infection was very low, demonstrating minor risk of anisakiasis for human consumers. A total of 193 worms (~79%) had a distinct genotype distinguished from A. typica by 4 positions in the ITS-1 region. This genotype is reported since 2008 as 'A. typica', 'sibling', 'Anisakis sp./type 1', 'sp. I', 'sp. 2' or 'sp. II'. To avoid further misleading identification, we hereby apply the subspecific entity Anisakis typica var. indonesiensis until description of the adults becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Palm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Survey for the presence of ascaridoid larvae in the cinnamon flounder Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (Temminck & Schlegel) (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae). Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 241:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ascaridoid parasites infecting in the frequently consumed marine fishes in the coastal area of China: A preliminary investigation. Parasitol Int 2015; 65:87-98. [PMID: 26546570 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine fishes represent the important components of the diet in the coastal areas of China and they are also natural hosts of various parasites. However, to date, little is known about the occurrence of ascaridoid parasites in the frequently consumed marine fishes in China. In order to determine the presence of ascaridoid parasites in the frequently consumed marine fishes in the coastal town Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, 211 fish representing 45 species caught from the South China Sea (off Daya Gulf) were examined. Five species of ascaridoid nematodes at different developmental stages were detected in the marine fishes examined herein, including third-stage larva of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860), third and fourth-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. IV-A of Shamsi, Gasser & Beveridge, 2013, adult and third-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium zhoushanense Li, Liu & Zhang, 2014, adults and third-stage larvae of Raphidascaris lophii (Wu, 1949) and adults of Raphidascaris longispicula Li, Liu & Zhang, 2012. The overall prevalence of infection is 18.0%. Of them, Hysterothylacium sp. IV-A with the highest prevalence (17.5%) and intensity (mean=14.6) of infection was the predominant species. The prevalence and intensity of A. typica were very low (1/211 of marine fish infected with an intensity of one parasite per fish). The morphological and molecular characterization of all nematode species was provided. A cladistic analysis based on ITS sequence was constructed in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of these ascaridoid parasites obtained herein. The present study provided important information on the occurrence and diagnosis of ascaridoid nematodes in the commercially important marine fishes from the South China Sea. The low level of infection and the species composition of ascaridoid nematodes seem to indicate the presence of low risk of human anisakidosis when local population consumed these marine fishes examined herein.
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Chen HY, Shih HH. Occurrence and prevalence of fish-borne Anisakis larvae in the spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus from Taiwanese waters. Acta Trop 2015; 145:61-7. [PMID: 25733490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anisakid nematodes have been found in a variety of marine fishes throughout the world and they are known to cause anisakiasis in human hosts. The present study investigated the prevalence of potentially zoonotic anisakid larvae in spotted mackerel caught from Taiwanese waters where fish represents an important food sources. Anisakis third-stage larvae (L3, n=502) were isolated from 250 spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus. Anisakis L3 larvae were divided morphologically into two types, Anisakis type I larvae had a longer ventriculus and mucron while type II larvae had a shorter ventriculus and no mucron. Anisakis species were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA and direct sequencing. A simple molecular taxonomic key, utilizing RFLP by two restriction enzymes HinfI and HhaI, enabled the differentiation of the genus Anisakis. The prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of Anisakis nematodes recorded for the total specimens were 72.8%, 2.8 (1-15) and 2.0 (0-15), respectively. Anisakis pegreffii was determined to be the dominant species (prevalence=57.2%) and important agent of human anisakiasis. A recombinant genotype (Anisakis simplex sensu stricto × A. pegreffii) was identified as the subdominant species (25.3%) followed by Anisakis typica (10%), Anisakis physeteris (4.0%), Anisakis paggiae (3.0%) and Anisakis brevispiculata (0.5%). The topology of the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining trees show two well supported clades: one includes the species of A. pegreffii and the other includes A. paggiae, A. physeteris and A. brevispiculata, while A. typica has basal position to all other Anisakis spp. analyzed. This study advances our knowledge of the prevalence of different Anisakis spp. in the spotted mackerel from Taiwanese waters, which is helpful for monitoring the fish populations throughout a diverse array of aquatic ecosystems. More importantly, we provide the concise characterization of multiple Anisakis spp. by PCR-RFLP, which could also be applicable for the rapid diagnosis of human anisakiasis.
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Baron L, Branca G, Trombetta C, Punzo E, Quarto F, Speciale G, Barresi V. Intestinal anisakidosis: histopathological findings and differential diagnosis. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:746-50. [PMID: 25041834 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisakidosis is a human zoonotic disease caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked or not adequately salted, pickled, or smoked fish containing larval nematodes of the Anisakis species. The incidence of this infection is higher in geographical zones with traditional consumption of raw fish. However, in the last years, prevalence raised in low risk zones due to the increase popularity of Asian cuisine. According to where the larvae settle in the gastrointestinal tract, anisakidosis may have different clinical symptoms. In particular, intestinal anisakidosis may mimic several surgical conditions, including appendicitis, ileitis, diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease. For this reason, diagnosis is often histopathological. In the present paper, we describe the clinico-pathological findings of six novel cases of intestinal anisakidosis occurred in southern Italy, and provide clues for the differential diagnosis toward Crohn's disease and eosinophilic enteritis, which have similar histopathological characteristics. Awareness of the existence of intestinal anisakidosis may facilitate its recognition and correct diagnosis, which is of fundamental importance for appropriate therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Baron
- Unit of Pathology, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Branca
- Department of Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - Cristian Trombetta
- Unit of Pathology, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Punzo
- Unit of Pathology, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Quarto
- Unit of Pathology, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Speciale
- Unit of Pathology, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy.
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Anshary H, Sriwulan, Freeman MA, Ogawa K. Occurrence and molecular identification of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 from marine fish in southern Makassar Strait, Indonesia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:9-19. [PMID: 24623876 PMCID: PMC3949002 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitize a wide range of marine animals, mammals serving as the definitive host and different fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts. In this study, 18 fish species were investigated for Anisakis infection. Katsuwonus pelamis, Euthynnus affinis, Caranx sp., and Auxis thazard were infected with high prevalence of Anisakis type I, while Cephalopholis cyanostigma and Rastrelliger kanagurta revealed low prevalence. The mean intensity of Anisakis larvae in K. pelamis and A. thazard was 49.7 and 5.6, respectively. A total of 73 Anisakis type I larvae collected from K. pelamis and A. thazard were all identified as Anisakis typica by PCR-RFLP analysis. Five specimens of Anisakis from K. pelamis and 15 specimens from A. thazard were sequenced using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 6 specimens from A. thazard and 4 specimens from K. pelamis were sequenced in mtDNA cox2 region. Alignments of the samples in the ITS region showed 2 patterns of nucleotides. The first pattern (genotype) of Anisakis from A. thazard had 100% similarity with adult A. typica from dolphins from USA, whereas the second genotype from A. thazard and K. pelamis had 4 base pairs different in ITS1 region with adult A. typica from USA. In the mtDNA cox2 regions, Anisakis type I specimens from A. thazard and K. pelamis showed similarity range from 94% to 99% with A. typica AB517571/DQ116427. The difference of 4 bp nucleotides in ITS1 regions and divergence into 2 subgroups in mtDNA cox2 indicating the existence of A. typica sibling species in the Makassar Strait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Anshary
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sriwulan
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mark A Freeman
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064, Japan
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Gastrointestinal parasites of free-living Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the Northern Red Sea, Egypt. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1405-15. [PMID: 24477747 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study represents the first report on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna infecting the free-living and alive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabiting waters of the Red Sea at Hurghada, Egypt. A total of 94 individual faecal samples of the examined bottlenose dolphins were collected during several diving expeditions within their natural habitats. Using classical parasitological techniques, such as sodium acetate acetic acid formalin method, carbol fuchsin-stained faecal smears, coproantigen ELISA, PCR and macroscopical analyses, the study revealed infections with 21 different parasite species belonging to protozoans and metazoans with some of them bearing zoonotic and/or pathogenic potential. Four identified parasite species are potential zoonotic species (Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Diphyllobothrium spp., Ascaridida indet.); three of them are known to have high pathogenic potential for the examined dolphin species (Nasitrema attenuata, Zalophotrema spp. and Pholeter gastrophilus) and some appear to be directly associated with stranding events. In detail, the study indicates stages of ten protozoan species (Giardia spp., Sarcocystis spp., Isospora (like) spp., Cystoisospora (like) spp., Ciliata indet. I and II, Holotricha indet., Dinoflagellata indet., Hexamita (like) spp., Cryptosporidium spp.), seven trematode species (N. attenuata, Nasitrema spp. I and II, Zalophotrema curilensis, Zalophotrema spp., Pholeter gastrophilus, Trematoda indet.), one cestode species (Diphyllobothrium spp.), two nematode species (Ascaridida indet, Capillaria spp.) and one crustacean parasite (Cymothoidae indet.). Additionally, we molecularly identified adult worms of Anisakis typica in individual dolphin vomitus samples by molecular analyses. A. typica is a common parasite of various dolphin species of warmer temperate and tropical waters and has not been attributed as food-borne parasitic zoonoses so far. Overall, these parasitological findings include ten new host records for T. aduncus (i.e. in case of Giardia spp., Sarcocystis spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Nasitrema spp., Zalophotrema spp., Pholeter gastrophilus, A. typica, Capillaria spp., Diphyllobothrium spp. and Cymothoidae indet.). The present results may be used as a baseline for future monitoring studies targeting the impact of climate or other environmental changes on dolphin's health conditions and therefore contribute to the protection of these fascinating marine mammals.
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Molecular identification of Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes collected in Turkish waters. Vet Parasitol 2014; 201:82-94. [PMID: 24485564 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anisakid nematodes are important etiological agents for zoonotic human anisakiasis (or anisakidosis). These parasites in the Turkish waters still remain unexplored. This study aims the molecular identification of Anisakis species in Turkey's coast from Black, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea and specifically to screen for zoonotic species in commonly commercialized a total of 1145 fish belonging to 31 different species using both polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (cox2) gene. A total of 776 Anisakis type I larvae were isolated in 56/1145 (4.8%) fish of 7 species from Turkish waters. The combining all of our results, e.g., morphology, PCR-RFLP, ITS region, and the cox2 gene, conclusively supported the identification of 3 Anisakis spp. taken from marine fish hosts, namely Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis typica and Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.str.)/A. pegreffii hybrid genotype. No Anisakis larvae were isolated from the Black Sea whereas A. pegreffii, A. typica and A. simplex s.str./A. pegreffii hybrid genotype was found in the Aegean Sea and A. pegreffii was only isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. This study represents the first identification of A. typica and A. simplex s.str./A. pegreffii hybrid genotypes from Turkish waters. Moreover, in the present study first record of the presence of A. pegreffii is also reported from Turkish coasts of Aegean and Mediterranean Sea. No zoonotic Anisakis species were found in commonly commercialized 1025 fish belonging to 16 different species from the Black Sea, thus Turkish populations who consume captured fish from the Black Sea may have a less risk of human anisakiasis or allergies. However, the prevalence of larvae were 47.1% and 46% and recognized zoonotic A. pegreffii were identified from the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coast, suggesting a high threat of anisakiasis or allergies for Turkish populations who consume fish originating in these regions.
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Koinari M, Karl S, Ng-Hublin J, Lymbery A, Ryan U. Identification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in fish from Papua New Guinea. Vet Parasitol 2013; 198:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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