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For: Nicaretta JE, de Melo Junior RD, Naves RB, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Teixeira ALC, Ferreira LL, Klafke GM, Monteiro CMDO, Borges FDA, Costa Junior LM, Rodrigues DS, Lopes WDZ. Selective versus strategic control against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle: A comparative analysis of efficacy, animal health, productivity, cost, and resistance management. Vet Parasitol 2023;321:109999. [PMID: 37556962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]

For:	Nicaretta JE, de Melo Junior RD, Naves RB, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Teixeira ALC, Ferreira LL, Klafke GM, Monteiro CMDO, Borges FDA, Costa Junior LM, Rodrigues DS, Lopes WDZ. Selective versus strategic control against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle: A comparative analysis of efficacy, animal health, productivity, cost, and resistance management. Vet Parasitol 2023;321:109999. [PMID: 37556962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Klafke GM, Golo PS, Monteiro CMO, Costa-Júnior LM, Reck J. Brazil's battle against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks: current strategies and future directions. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024;33:e001423. [PMID: 38922203 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]

Zapa DMB, de Aquino LM, Couto LFM, Heller LM, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Trindade ASN, de Freitas Paula WV, de Lima NJ, Ferreira LL, de Castro Rodrigues D, Strydom T, Torres S, Soares VE, de Oliveira Monteiro CM, da Silva Krawczak F, Lopes WDZ. Enzootic stability of tick fever in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region, subjected to strategic cattle tick control with fluralaner. Parasit Vectors 2024;17:120. [PMID: 38461304 PMCID: PMC10924980 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In 2022, fluralaner was launched on the market for use in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus after showing 100% efficacy in registration trials against the causative agents of cattle tick fever (TFAs). The aim of the present study was to determine whether a strategic control regimen against R. microplus using fluralaner (FLU) in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region would alter the enzootic stability status of cattle tick fever, triggering outbreaks in these animals up to 22 months age.

METHODS

In this study, a group of calves treated with FLU was compared with a control group treated with the regimen currently being used on the farm, which consisted of the fipronil + fluazuron formulation (FIFLUA). In the first experiment, the efficacy of the FIFLUA pour-on formulation was evaluated in a field study. In the second experiment, which lasted 550 days, two experimental groups (n = 30/group) of Holstein calves naturally infested with R. microplus were analyzed. Calves aged 4 to 10 months received either a specific treatment regimen with FLU (experimental group) or FIFLUA (control group). During this period, tick counts, animal weight measurement, feces collection (to determine eggs and oocysts per gram of feces), tick fever monitoring, blood smears (to ascertain enzootic stability of the herd), PCR testing for TFAs and serology (indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [iELISA]) were performed. All calves were evaluated for signs of tick fever between ages 11 and 22 months.

RESULTS

FIFLUA showed an acaricidal efficacy of > 90% from post-treatment days 14 to 35. Regarding treatments against the TFAs, the average number of treatments was similar between groups, but animals treated with FLU had a smaller reduction in packed cell volume on some of the evaluation dates of the second and third treatment against TFAs. In calves aged 10 months in the FLU group, B. bovis was not detected by PCR (0/15 samples), 40% of the samples had antibody titers and 33% (10/30) of the samples had positive blood smears. Regarding B. bigemina, > 86% of the samples in both groups tested positive for B. bigemina DNA and antibodies; there was no difference in the antibody titers between the groups. There were no clinical cases of cattle tick fever in calves aged 11 to 22 months.

CONCLUSIONS

In comparison with the control treatment, the strategic control regimen against R. microplus with FLU that was implemented in the present study did not negatively affect the enzootic stability status of A. marginale and B. bigemina in the herd up to 22 months of age. The enzootic stability status of B. bovis was not reached by either group. These results likely represent a characteristic of the local tick population, so further studies should be performed.

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Affiliation(s)

Dina Maria Beltran Zapa Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Lidia Mendes de Aquino Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Luiz Felipe Monteiro Couto Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Luciana Maffini Heller Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Vanessa Ferreira Salvador Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Lorena Lopes Ferreira Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Daniel de Castro Rodrigues Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil MSD Animal Health, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
Tom Strydom MSD Animal Health, 20 Spartan Road, Isando, Kempton Park, 1619, South Africa
Siddhartha Torres Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
Vando Edésio Soares University of Brazil, Descalvado, São Paulo, Brazil
Caio Marcio de Oliveira Monteiro Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Felipe da Silva Krawczak Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

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Leal LLLL, Ferreira LL, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Trindade ASN, Pereira Neto O, Soares VE, de Almeida Borges F, Monteiro CMDO, Lopes WDZ. What is the optimal timing to initiate strategic control of Rhipicephalus microplus in taurine cattle in a tropical region? EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024;92:217-232. [PMID: 38329588 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]

Cardoso ERN, Carvalho SF, Dias SA, Santos RA, Tavares MA, Neves LC, Paula WVDF, Pádua GT, de Lima NJ, Paludo RLDR, Silva IS, Bittencourt RBM, dos Santos GC, Nascimento FGDJ, de Paula LGF, Dantas-Torres F, Monteiro CMDO, Krawczak FDS. Susceptibility of Amblyomma sculptum, Vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, Ticks from a National Park and an Experimental Farm to Different Synthetic Acaricides. Pathogens 2023;12:1304. [PMID: 38003769 PMCID: PMC10675591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open

Abstract

Amblyomma sculptum is a relevant tick species from a One Health perspective, playing an important role as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the main agent of spotted fever rickettsiosis in Brazil. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of two A. sculptum populations from Goiás state (midwestern Brazil) to different acaricides. The first tick population (GYN strain) originated from an experimental farm, where the ticks are annually exposed to acaricides. The second (PNE strain) was collected in a national park (Emas National Park), where the ticks had not been exposed to acaricides. Immersion tests were conducted with 21-day-old laboratory-reared larvae and nymphs originating from adult ticks collected in the areas mentioned above. The chosen acaricides were two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin), one organophosphate (chlorfenvinphos), one formamidine (amitraz), and two combinations of pyrethroids and organophosphates (cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and citronellal; cypermethrin, fenthion and chlorpyrifos). Mortality data were used to determine the lethal concentration (LC) values at which 50%, 90%, and 99% of the ticks died (LC50, LC90, and LC99, respectively), and resistance ratios (RR) were calculated based on the LC values. The RR revealed differences between the acaricide-exposed (GYN) and unexposed (PNE) tick strains. The PNE strain larvae and nymphs were susceptible to all the tested acaricides. The GYN strain larvae were tolerant to cypermethrin, whereas the nymphs were tolerant to deltamethrin, chlorfenvinphos, and the combination of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronellal (2 < RR ≤ 10). The GYN strain nymphs were resistant to amitraz (RR > 10). This is the first report of A. sculptum nymphs with resistance to amitraz and tolerance to deltamethrin, chlorfenvinphos, and the combination of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronellal.

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Affiliation(s)

Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Stephani Félix Carvalho Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Sarah Alves Dias Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Rayane Almeida Santos Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Mariana Avelar Tavares Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Lucianne Cardoso Neves Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Gracielle Teles Pádua Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Raquel Loren dos Reis Paludo Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Isabela Santos Silva Laboratório de Biologia, Ecologia e Controle de Carrapatos—LABEC, Centro de Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (I.S.S.); (C.M.D.O.M.)
Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Gabriel Cândido dos Santos Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Flavia Giovana de Jesus Nascimento Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
Filipe Dantas-Torres Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife 50740-465, Brazil;
Caio Marcio De Oliveira Monteiro Laboratório de Biologia, Ecologia e Controle de Carrapatos—LABEC, Centro de Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (I.S.S.); (C.M.D.O.M.)
Felipe da Silva Krawczak Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)

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Teixeira ALC, Lima Marreto LCN, Vale FL, Pereira E Sousa LJM, Gonzaga BCF, Silva IS, Santos EF, da Silva Lopes FF, de Morais SM, Lopes WDZ, Gomes GA, Monteiro C. Combinations of amitraz with essential oils from Lippia sidoides and Thymus vulgaris, thymol and thymol acetate for Rhipicephalus microplus control: studies under laboratory and field conditions. Vet Parasitol 2023;321:109997. [PMID: 37562084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of combining amitraz with essential oils (EOs) from Thymus vulgaris and Lippia sidoides, as well as the monoterpenes thymol and thymol acetate, on Rhipicephalus microplus in laboratory conditions, and to select the most effective combination for testing in field conditions. The chemical analysis showed that EOs were mainly composed of monoterpenes, with thymol and p-cymene as the major compounds. In larval (LIT) and adult (AIT) immersion tests using different concentrations of the oils and terpenes mixed with amitraz, the results showed that both EOs and thymol improved the efficacy of amitraz against larvae and engorged females of R. microplus, whereas thymol acetate only enhanced activity against larvae. The most favorable outcome was obtained with the EO of L. sidoides combined with amitraz, resulting in 99 % and 100 % efficacy against larvae and engorged females, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of amitraz with thymol showed presented an efficacy of 94 % and 91 % against larvae and engorged females, respectively. Thus, for the other tests, the combination of thymol + amitraz was chosen due to the ease of working with pure thymol in bioassays, and easier standardization. The immersion test (thymol + amitraz) with semi-engorged females showed 100 % efficacy for the combination of thymol + amitraz, while in tests with different solvents (thymol + amitraz), ethanol being the most effective solvent among those tested (ethanol, Triton, and Tween), resulting in 95 % efficacy on engorged females. In the field test, in treatments with amitraz and thymol + amitraz, efficacy of 54 % and 74 % was observed on day + 3 and 33 % and 43 % on day + 7, respectively. Assessing the reproductive biology of females recovered from animals treated with amitraz or amitraz + thymol, in day + 7, efficacies of 33 % and 52 %, respectively, were observed. EOs from T. vulgaris and L. sidoides and thymol improved the acaricidal activity of amitraz on larvae and engorged females of R. microplus under laboratory conditions, while thymol acetate only enhanced activity against larvae. Thymol increased the efficacy of amitraz under field conditions, however for the development of a commercially available acaricide to R. microplus control, additional studies are needed to increase the efficacy. Further research is needed (by changing concentrations, adding other compounds and/or developing formulations) to increase acaricidal efficacy and develop new effective products to combat R. microplus infestations in cattle.

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Affiliation(s)

Ana Lúcia Coutinho Teixeira Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
Laís Carneiro Naziasene Lima Marreto Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Praça Universitária, nº 1166, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-220, Brazil
Francisca Leticia Vale Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira E Sousa Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
Isabela Santos Silva Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
Emilly Faria Santos Graduação em Biotecnologia - R. 235, s/n° - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
Francisco Flávio da Silva Lopes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60714-903, Brazil
Selene Maia de Morais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60714-903, Brazil
Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e de Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n° - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
Geovany Amorim Gomes Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Av. da Universidade, 850 - Campus da Betânia, Sobral, CE 62.040-370, Brazil
Caio Monteiro Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e de Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n° - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil.

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