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Bablon P, Goy C, Dang HN, Sotty J, Soussan P. Hepatitis B Virus spliced 1 RNA, a key factor for viral expression. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00331-3. [PMID: 38734380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bablon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Céline Goy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Hoan Nguyen Dang
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jules Sotty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France;; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP).Sorbonne Université, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France.
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2
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McCoullough LC, Sadauskas T, Sozzi V, Mak KY, Mason H, Littlejohn M, Revill PA. The in vitro replication phenotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) splice variants Sp3 and Sp9 and their impact on wild-type HBV replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0153823. [PMID: 38501924 PMCID: PMC11019940 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01538-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior to nuclear export, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA may be spliced by the host cell spliceosome to form shorter RNA sequences known as splice variants. Due to deletions in the open reading frames, splice variants may encode novel fusion proteins. Although not essential for HBV replication, the role of splice variants and their novel fusion proteins largely remains unknown. Some splice variants and their encoded novel fusion proteins have been shown to impair or promote wild-type HBV replication in vitro, and although splice variants Sp3 and Sp9 are two of the most common splice variants identified to date, their in vitro replication phenotype and their impact on wild-type HBV replication are unclear. Here, we utilize greater than genome-length Sp3 and Sp9 constructs to investigate their replication phenotype in vitro, and their impact on wild-type HBV replication. We show that Sp3 and Sp9 were incapable of autonomous replication, which was rescued by providing the polymerase and core proteins in trans. Furthermore, we showed that Sp3 had no impact on wild-type HBV replication, whereas Sp9 strongly reduced wild-type HBV replication in co-transfection experiments. Knocking out Sp9 novel precore-surface and core-surface fusion protein partially restored replication, suggesting that these proteins contributed to suppression of wild-type HBV replication, providing further insights into factors regulating HBV replication in vitro. IMPORTANCE The role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) splice variants in HBV replication and pathogenesis currently remains largely unknown. However, HBV splice variants have been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting a role in HBV pathogenesis. Several in vitro co-transfection studies have shown that different splice variants have varying impacts on wild-type HBV replication, perhaps contributing to viral persistence. Furthermore, all splice variants are predicted to produce novel fusion proteins. Sp1 hepatitis B splice protein contributes to liver disease progression and apoptosis; however, the function of other HBV splice variant novel fusion proteins remains largely unknown. We show that Sp9 markedly impairs HBV replication in a cell culture co-transfection model, mediated by expression of Sp9 novel fusion proteins. In contrast, Sp3 had no effect on wild-type HBV replication. Together, these studies provide further insights into viral factors contributing to regulation of HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. McCoullough
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tomas Sadauskas
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vitina Sozzi
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kai Yan Mak
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugh Mason
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A. Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Xu X, Zhang L, Ye G, Shi J, Peng Y, Xin F, Lin Y, Wu Q, Lin X, Chen W. Hepatitis B doubly spliced protein (HBDSP) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via ETS1/GATA2/YY1-mediated p53 transcription. J Virol 2023; 97:e0108723. [PMID: 37929990 PMCID: PMC10688342 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01087-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) spliced variants are associated with viral persistence or pathogenicity. Hepatitis B doubly spliced protein (HBDSP), which has been previously reported as a pleiotropic transactivator protein, can potentially serve as an HBV virulence factor. However, the underlying mechanisms of HBDSP in HBV-associated liver diseases remain to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that HBDSP promotes cellular apoptosis and induces wt-p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in wt-p53 hepatocellular cells by transactivating p53 transcription, and increases the release of HBV progeny. Therefore, HBDSP may promote the HBV particles release through wt-p53-dependent hepatocellular apoptosis. Our findings suggest that blocking HBDSP-induced wt-p53-dependent apoptosis might have therapeutic values for chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guiying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Sozzi V, McCoullough L, Mason H, Littlejohn M, Revill P. The in vitro replication phenotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) splice variant Sp1. Virology 2022; 574:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Sotty J, Bablon P, Lekbaby B, Augustin J, Girier-Dufournier M, Langlois L, Dorival C, Carrat F, Pol S, Fontaine H, Sarica N, Neuveut C, Housset C, Kremdsorf D, Schnuriger A, Soussan P. Diversity of the nucleic acid forms of circulating HBV in chronically infected patients and its impact on viral cycle. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:1259-1272. [PMID: 35927368 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the prototypical hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious particle, which contains a full-length double-stranded DNA (flDNA), additional circulating virus-like particles, which carry pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), spliced1RNA (sp1RNA) or spliced-derived DNA (defDNA) forms have been described. We aimed to determine the level of these four circulating forms in patients and to evaluate their impact on viral lifecycle. METHODS Chronic HBV untreated patients (n = 162), included in the HEPATHER cohort, were investigated. Pangenomic qPCRs were set up to quantify the four circulating forms of HBV nucleic acids (HBVnaf). In vitro infection assays were performed to address the impact of HBVnaf. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering individualized two clusters of HBVnaf diversity among patients: (1) cluster 1 (C1) showing a predominance of flDNA; (2) cluster 2 (C2) showing various proportions of the different forms. HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis phase and higher viral load (7.0 ± 6.4 vs 6.6 ± 6.2 Log10 copies/ml; p < 0.001) characterized C2 compared to C1 patients. Among the different HBVnaf, pgRNA was more prevalent in C1 patients with high vs low HBV viral load (22.1% ± 2.5% vs 4.1% ± 1.8% of HBVnaf, p < 0.0001) but remained highly prevalent in C2 patients, whatever the level of replication. C2 patients samples used in infection assays showed that: (1) HBVnaf secretion was independent of the viral strain; (2) the viral cycle efficiency differed according to the proportion of HBVnaf in the inoculum, independently of cccDNA formation. Inoculum enrichment before infection suggests that pgRNA-containing particles drive this impact on viral replication. CONCLUSION Besides the critical role of HBV replication in circulating HBVnaf diversity, our data highlight an impact of this diversity on the dynamics of viral cycle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Patients were included from a prospective multicenter French national cohort (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, NCT01953458).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Sotty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bablon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Morgane Girier-Dufournier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Département d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Département d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Nazim Sarica
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Dina Kremdsorf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Schnuriger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France.
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6
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Maslac O, Wagner J, Sozzi V, Mason H, Svarovskaia J, Tan S, Gaggar A, Locarnini S, Yuen L, Littlejohn M, Revill PA. Secreted hepatitis B virus splice variants differ by HBV genotype and across phases of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:604-615. [PMID: 35582878 PMCID: PMC9544302 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by progression through different phases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease. Although not necessary for HBV replication, there is increasing evidence that HBV splice variants are associated with liver disease progression and pathogenesis. However, there have been no studies till date on the frequency or diversity of splice variants for different HBV genotypes across the phases of CHB. Next generation sequencing data from 404 patient samples of HBV genotype A, B, C or D in Phase I, Phase II or Phase IV of CHB was analysed for HBV splice variants using an in house bioinformatics pipeline. HBV splice variants differed in frequency and type by genotype and phase of natural history. Splice variant Sp1 was the most frequently detected (206/404, 51% of patients), followed by Sp13 (151/404 37% of patients). The frequency of variants was generally highest in Phase II (123/165, 75% of patients), a phase typically associated with enhanced immune activation, followed by Phase I (69/99, 70% of patients). Splice variants were associated with reduced hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels and statistically reduced likelihood of achieving HBsAg loss (functional cure) in Phase II patients for Sp1 and Sp13 (p = .0014 and .0156, respectively). The frequency of HBV splice variants in patient serum differed markedly by HBV genotype and phase of CHB natural history. The increased levels of HBV splice variants detected in CHB phase II patients compared with the higher replicative Phase I in particular warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Maslac
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Josef Wagner
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vitina Sozzi
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hugh Mason
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Locarnini
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lilly Yuen
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter A. Revill
- Division of Molecular Research and DevelopmentVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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7
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More DNA and RNA of HBV SP1 splice variants are detected in genotypes B and C at low viral replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23838. [PMID: 34903774 PMCID: PMC8668879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HBV produces unspliced and spliced RNAs during replication. Encapsidated spliced RNA is converted into DNA generating defective virions that are detected in plasma and associated with HCC development. Herein we describe a quantitative real-time PCR detection of splice variant SP1 DNA/RNA in HBV plasma. Three PCR primers/probe sets were designed detecting the SP1 variants, unspliced core, or X gene. Plasmids carrying the three regions were constructed for the nine HBV genotypes to evaluate the three sets, which were also tested on DNA/RNA extracted from 193 HBV plasma with unknown HCC status. The assay had an LOD of 80 copies/ml and was equally efficient for detecting all nine genotypes and three targets. In testing 84 specimens for both SP1 DNA (77.4%) and RNA (82.1%), higher viral loads resulted in increased SP1 levels. Most samples yielded < 1% of SP1 DNA, while the average SP1 RNA was 3.29%. At viral load of ≤ 5 log copies/ml, the detectable SP1 DNA varied by genotype, with 70% for B, 33.3% for C, 10.5% for E, 4% for D and 0% for A, suggesting higher levels of splicing in B and C during low replication. At > 5 log, all samples regardless of genotype had detectable SP1 DNA.
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8
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Kremsdorf D, Lekbaby B, Bablon P, Sotty J, Augustin J, Schnuriger A, Pol J, Soussan P. Alternative splicing of viral transcripts: the dark side of HBV. Gut 2021; 70:2373-2382. [PMID: 34535538 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of alternative splicing is one of the most efficient mechanisms to enlarge the proteomic diversity in eukaryotic organisms. Many viruses hijack the splicing machinery following infection to accomplish their replication cycle. Regarding the HBV, numerous reports have described alternative splicing events of the long viral transcript (pregenomic RNA), which also acts as a template for viral genome replication. Alternative splicing of HBV pregenomic RNAs allows the synthesis of at least 20 spliced variants. In addition, almost all these spliced forms give rise to defective particles, detected in the blood of infected patients. HBV-spliced RNAs have long been unconsidered, probably due to their uneasy detection in comparison to unspliced forms as well as for their dispensable role during viral replication. However, recent data highlighted the relevance of these HBV-spliced variants through (1) the trans-regulation of the alternative splicing of viral transcripts along the course of liver disease; (2) the ability to generate defective particle formation, putative biomarker of the liver disease progression; (3) modulation of viral replication; and (4) their intrinsic propensity to encode for novel viral proteins involved in liver pathogenesis and immune response. Altogether, tricky regulation of HBV alternative splicing may contribute to modulate multiple viral and cellular processes all along the course of HBV-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Kremsdorf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bablon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jules Sotty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Schnuriger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Metabolomics ann Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Faculté Saint Antoine, Paris, France .,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France
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9
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Tsuge M. The association between hepatocarcinogenesis and intracellular alterations due to hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 2021; 41:2836-2848. [PMID: 34559952 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem leading to severe liver dysfunction, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although current antiviral therapies for chronic HBV infection have been improved and can lead to a strong suppression of viral replication, it is difficult to completely eliminate the virus with these therapies once chronic HBV infection is established in the host. Furthermore, chronic HBV infection alters intracellular metabolism and signalling pathways, resulting in the activation of carcinogenesis in the liver. HBV produces four viral proteins: hepatitis B surface-, hepatitis B core-, hepatitis B x protein, and polymerase; each plays an important role in HBV replication and the intracellular signalling pathways associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro and in vivo experimental models for analyzing HBV infection and replication have been established, and gene expression analyses using microarrays or next-generation sequencing have also been developed. Thus, it is possible to clarify the molecular mechanisms for intracellular alterations, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, the impact of HBV viral proteins and intracellular alterations in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tsuge
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Hepatitis B virus Core protein nuclear interactome identifies SRSF10 as a host RNA-binding protein restricting HBV RNA production. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008593. [PMID: 33180834 PMCID: PMC7707522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a preventive vaccine, chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 250 million people and represents a major global cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Current clinical treatments, in most of cases, do not eliminate viral genome that persists as a DNA episome in the nucleus of hepatocytes and constitutes a stable template for the continuous expression of viral genes. Several studies suggest that, among viral factors, the HBV core protein (HBc), well-known for its structural role in the cytoplasm, could have critical regulatory functions in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. To elucidate these functions, we performed a proteomic analysis of HBc-interacting host-factors in the nucleus of differentiated HepaRG, a surrogate model of human hepatocytes. The HBc interactome was found to consist primarily of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are involved in various aspects of mRNA metabolism. Among them, we focused our studies on SRSF10, a RBP that was previously shown to regulate alternative splicing (AS) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and to control stress and DNA damage responses, as well as viral replication. Functional studies combining SRSF10 knockdown and a pharmacological inhibitor of SRSF10 phosphorylation (1C8) showed that SRSF10 behaves as a restriction factor that regulates HBV RNAs levels and that its dephosphorylated form is likely responsible for the anti-viral effect. Surprisingly, neither SRSF10 knock-down nor 1C8 treatment modified the splicing of HBV RNAs but rather modulated the level of nascent HBV RNA. Altogether, our work suggests that in the nucleus of infected cells HBc interacts with multiple RBPs that regulate viral RNA metabolism. Our identification of SRSF10 as a new anti-HBV restriction factor offers new perspectives for the development of new host-targeted antiviral strategies. Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 250 million of people world-wide and is a major global cause of liver cancer. Current treatments lead to a significant reduction of viremia in patients. However, viral clearance is rarely obtained and the persistence of the HBV genome in the hepatocyte’s nucleus generates a stable source of viral RNAs and subsequently proteins which play important roles in immune escape mechanisms and liver disease progression. Therapies aiming at efficiently and durably eliminating viral gene expression are still required. In this study, we identified the nuclear partners of the HBV Core protein (HBc) to understand how this structural protein, responsible for capsid assembly in the cytoplasm, could also regulate viral gene expression. The HBc interactome was found to consist primarily of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). One of these RBPs, SRSF10, was demonstrated to restrict HBV RNA levels and a drug, able to alter its phosphorylation, behaved as an antiviral compound capable of reducing viral gene expression. Altogether, this study sheds new light on novel regulatory functions of HBc and provides information relevant for the development of antiviral strategies aiming at preventing viral gene expression.
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11
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Wang J, Huang H, Liu Y, Chen R, Yan Y, Shi S, Xi J, Zou J, Yu G, Feng X, Lu F. HBV Genome and Life Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1179:17-37. [PMID: 31741332 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains to be a serious threat to public health and is associated with many liver diseases including chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) and pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFNα) have been confirmed to be efficient in inhibiting HBV replication, it is difficult to eradicate HBV and achieve the clinical cure of CHB. Therefore, long-term therapy has been recommended to CHB treatment under the current antiviral therapy. In this context, the new antiviral therapy targeting one or multiple critical steps of viral life cycle may be an alternative approach in future. In the last decade, the functional receptor [sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)] of HBV entry into hepatocytes has been discovered, and the immature nucleocapsids containing the non- or partially reverse-transcribed pregenomic RNA, the nucleocapsids containing double-strand linear DNA (dslDNA), and the empty particles devoid of any HBV nucleic acid have been found to be released into circulation, which have supplemented the life cycle of HBV. The understanding of HBV life cycle may offer a new instruction for searching the potential antiviral targets, and the new viral markers used to monitor the efficacy of antiviral therapy for CHB patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shu Shi
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Xi
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China.
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12
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Revill PA, Penicaud C, Brechot C, Zoulim F. Meeting the Challenge of Eliminating Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040260. [PMID: 30939846 PMCID: PMC6523454 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 257 million people live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and there is no known cure. The effective preventative vaccine has no impact on existing infection. Despite the existence of drugs which efficiently suppress viral replication, treatment is usually life-long and finite therapies that cure HBV infection are urgently required. However, even if such therapies were available today, it is unlikely they would reach all of those who need it most, due to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) being largely undiagnosed across the globe and to the dire need for health systems promoting access to therapy. Considerable challenges to developing and implementing an effective HBV cure remain. Nonetheless, important advances towards a cure are being made, both in the development of a multitude of new therapeutic agents currently undergoing clinical trials, and through the establishment of a new global initiative dedicated to an HBV cure, ICE-HBV, that is working together with existing organisations to fast-track an HBV cure available to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Capucine Penicaud
- Directorate, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Christian Brechot
- University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, USA.
- Romark Laboratory, Tampa, 33607, USA.
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore; MD 21201-1009, USA.
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM Unit 1052-Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.
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13
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Ito N, Nakashima K, Sun S, Ito M, Suzuki T. Cell Type Diversity in Hepatitis B Virus RNA Splicing and Its Regulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 30800119 PMCID: PMC6375855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although RNA splicing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a commonly observed in livers of hepatitis B patients as well as in the cultured cells replicating the viral genome, its biological significance in the HBV life cycle and the detailed regulatory mechanisms are still largely unclear. In this study, we found cell-type dependency of HBV splicing of the 3.5 kb pregenomic RNA, which is efficiently spliced in human hepatoma cells but not in cells derived from human hepatic stellate, mouse hepatoma and human non-hepatic cells. It may be likely that RNA splicing is one of the determinants of host range restriction of HBV. Given the finding indicating the difference in cell-type dependency of the splicing efficiency between HBV and simian virus 40, we carried out intron-swapping experiments. The results suggest the presence of putative exonic splicing enhancer that possibly works in the cell-type dependent fashion. Together with further mutational analyses, a novel 50-nt intronic splicing silencer, whose secondary structure is well conserved among the HBV strains, was identified. It appears that this intronic silencer functions effectively independent of cell backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriomi Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Suofeng Sun
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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14
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Nomura M, Tsuge M, Uchida T, Hiraga N, Kurihara M, Tsushima K, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Abe-Chayama H, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Hiramatsu A, Imamura M, Kawakami Y, Aikata H, Ochi H, Zhang Y, Makokha GN, Hayes CN, Tanaka S, Chayama K. CTL-associated and NK cell-associated immune responses induce different HBV DNA reduction patterns in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1555-1564. [PMID: 29998562 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis is associated with both natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We analyzed the association between the immune response and changes in the proportion of Pre-S deletion variants. We quantified Pre-S deleted HBV (HBV-del) and wild-type HBV (HBV-wt) DNA levels in sera obtained from HBV-infected mice and chronic hepatitis B patients. In chronic hepatitis B patients, the HBV-del proportion usually increased during or after ALT elevation but did not occur during all ALT elevations. To clarify this difference in the immunological responses, we performed in vivo analyses using HBV-infected human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Although HBV-del proportions did not change in mice with NK cell-associated hepatitis or in mice treated with entecavir, the proportions sharply increased in mice with CTL-associated hepatitis. Furthermore, the number of patients in which HBV-del proportions were greater than 5% was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B patients than in asymptomatic carriers (P = 0.023). We identified associations between virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients and two different immune responses. The proportion of HBV-del variants could be a useful biomarker for distinguishing between chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mio Kurihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Tsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Clair Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Rezelj VV, Levi LI, Vignuzzi M. The defective component of viral populations. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:74-80. [PMID: 30099321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Particles containing degenerate forms of the viral genome which interfere with virus replication and are non-replicative per se are known as defective interfering particles (DIPs). DIPs are likely to be produced upon infection by any virus in vitro and in nature. Until recently, roles of these non-viable particles as members of a multi-component viral system have been overlooked. In this review, we cover the most recent studies that shed light on critical roles of DIPs during the course of infection, including: the modulation of virus replication, innate immune responses, disease outcome and virus persistence, as well as the evolution of the viral population. Together, these reports allow us to conceive a more complete picture of the virion population, and highlight the fact that DIPs are not a negligible subset of this population but instead can greatly influence the fate of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica V Rezelj
- Unité Populations virales et pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura I Levi
- Unité Populations virales et pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Unité Populations virales et pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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16
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Alternative splicing of hepatitis B virus: A novel virus/host interaction altering liver immunity. J Hepatol 2017; 67:687-699. [PMID: 28600137 PMCID: PMC6433284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA can undergo alternative splicing, but the relevance of this post-transcriptional regulation remains elusive. The mechanism of HBV alternative splicing regulation and its impact on liver pathogenesis were investigated. METHODS HBV RNA-interacting proteins were identified by RNA pull-down, combined with mass spectrometry analysis. HBV splicing regulation was investigated in chemically and surgically induced liver damage, in whole HBV genome transgenic mice and in hepatoma cells. Viral and endogenous gene expression were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Resident liver immune cells were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS HBV pregenomic RNA-interacting proteins were identified and 15% were directly related to the splicing machinery. Expression of these splicing factors was modulated in HBV transgenic mice with liver injuries and contributed to an increase of the HBV spliced RNA encoding for HBV splicing-generated protein (HBSP). HBSP transgenic mice with chemically induced liver fibrosis exhibited attenuated hepatic damage. The protective effect of HBSP resulted from a decrease of inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment through downregulation of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in hepatocytes. In human hepatoma cells, the ability of HBSP to control CCL2 expression was confirmed and maintained in a whole HBV context. Finally, viral spliced RNA detection related to a decrease of CCL2 expression in the livers of HBV chronic carriers underscored this mechanism. CONCLUSION The microenvironment, modified by liver injury, increased HBSP RNA expression through splicing factor regulation, which in turn controlled hepatocyte chemokine synthesis. This feedback mechanism provides a novel insight into liver immunopathogenesis during HBV infection. Lay summary: Hepatitis B virus persists for decades in the liver of chronically infected patients. Immune escape is one of the main mechanisms developed by this virus to survive. Our study highlights how the crosstalk between virus and liver infected cells may contribute to this immune escape.
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17
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Lamontagne RJ, Bagga S, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus molecular biology and pathogenesis. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2016; 2:163-186. [PMID: 28042609 PMCID: PMC5198785 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2016.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need a host cell to provide a milieu favorable to viral replication. Consequently, viruses often adopt mechanisms to subvert host cellular signaling processes. While beneficial for the viral replication cycle, virus-induced deregulation of host cellular signaling processes can be detrimental to host cell physiology and can lead to virus-associated pathogenesis, including, for oncogenic viruses, cell transformation and cancer progression. Included among these oncogenic viruses is the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite the availability of an HBV vaccine, 350-500 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV, and a significant number of these chronically infected individuals will develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic infection with HBV is the leading risk factor for the development of HCC. Globally, HCC is the second highest cause of cancer-associated deaths, underscoring the need for understanding mechanisms that regulate HBV replication and the development of HBV-associated HCC. HBV is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae family; members of this family of viruses have a narrow host range and predominately infect hepatocytes in their respective hosts. The extremely small and compact hepadnaviral genome, the unique arrangement of open reading frames, and a replication strategy utilizing reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate to generate the DNA genome are distinguishing features of the Hepadnaviridae. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of HBV biology, summarize the model systems used for studying HBV infections, and highlight potential mechanisms that link a chronic HBV-infection to the development of HCC. For example, the HBV X protein (HBx), a key regulatory HBV protein that is important for HBV replication, is thought to play a cofactor role in the development of HBV-induced HCC, and we highlight the functions of HBx that may contribute to the development of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jason Lamontagne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sumedha Bagga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Michael J. Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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18
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Hepatitis B virus spliced variants are associated with an impaired response to interferon therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16459. [PMID: 26585041 PMCID: PMC4653653 DOI: 10.1038/srep16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, spliced HBV genomes and splice-generated proteins have been widely described, however, their biological and clinical significance remains to be defined. Here, an elevation of the proportion of HBV spliced variants in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is shown to correlate with an impaired respond to interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy. Transfection of the constructs encoding the three most dominant species of spliced variants into cells or ectopic expression of the two major spliced protein including HBSP and N-terminal-truncated viral polymerase protein result in strong suppression of IFN-α signaling transduction, while mutation of the major splicing-related sites of HBV attenuates the viral anti-IFN activities in both cell and mouse models. These results have associated the productions of HBV spliced variants with the failure response to IFN therapy and illuminate a novel mechanism where spliced viral products are employed to resist IFN-mediated host defense.
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19
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Pol JG, Lekbaby B, Redelsperger F, Klamer S, Mandouri Y, Ahodantin J, Bieche I, Lefevre M, Souque P, Charneau P, Gadessaud N, Kremsdorf D, Soussan P. Alternative splicing-regulated protein of hepatitis B virus hacks the TNF-α-stimulated signaling pathways and limits the extent of liver inflammation. FASEB J 2015; 29:1879-89. [PMID: 25630972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B splicing-regulated protein (HBSP) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was uncovered a few years ago but its function remains unknown. HBSP expression occurs from a spliced viral transcript that increases during the course of liver disease. This study aimed at characterizing the impact of HBSP on cellular signaling pathways in vitro and on liver pathogenesis in transgenic (Tg) mice. By RT-qPCR array, NF-κB-inducible genes appeared modulated in HepG2 cells transduced with a HBSP-encoding lentivirus. Using luciferase and Western blot assays, we observed a decreased activation of the NF-κB pathway in HBSP-expressing cells following TNF-α treatment, as illustrated by lower levels of phosphorylated IκB-α. Meanwhile, the level of phosphorylated JNK increased together with the sensitivity to apoptosis. The contrasting effects on JNK and IκB-α activation upon TNF-α stimulation matched with a modulated maturation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) kinase, assessed by 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by HBSP was confirmed in the liver of HBSP Tg mice and associated with a significant decrease of chemically induced chronic liver inflammation, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HBSP contributes to limit hepatic inflammation during chronic liver disease and may favor HBV persistence by evading immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - François Redelsperger
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Sofieke Klamer
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Yassmina Mandouri
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - James Ahodantin
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Marine Lefevre
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Philippe Souque
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Noémie Gadessaud
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Dina Kremsdorf
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
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