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Yang P, Zhao X, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. The Yin Yang 1 of Penaeus vannamei regulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene during Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:105087. [PMID: 37898353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein, it is also a multifunctional immune molecule that plays a vital role against pathogen invasion in shrimp. However, the regulation of hemocyanin gene expression in shrimp hemocytes and the mechanisms involved during pathogen infection remains unclear. Here, we used DNA pull-down followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor homolog in Penaeus vannamei (PvYY1) as a key factor that modulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene of P. vannamei (PvHMCs) in hemocytes during Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND (VPAHPND) infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the core promoter region of PvHMCs contains two YY1 motifs. Mutational and oligoprecipitation analyses confirmed that PvYY1 could bind to the YY1 motifs in the PvHMCs core promoter region, while truncation of PvYY1 revealed that the N-terminal domain of PvYY1 is essential for the transactivation of PvHMCs core promoter. Besides, the REPO domain of PvYY1 could repress the activity of the PvHMCs core promoter. Overexpression of PvYY1 significantly activates the promoter activity of PvHMCs core promoter, while PvYY1 knockdown significantly decreases the expression level of PvHMCs in shrimp hemocytes and survival rate of shrimp upon infection with VPAHPND. Our present study provides new insights into the transcriptional regulation of PvHMCs by PvYY1 in shrimp hemocytes during bacteria (VPAHPND) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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2
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Khalil MI, Yang C, Vu L, Chadha S, Nabors H, Welbon C, James CD, Morgan IM, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. HPV upregulates MARCHF8 ubiquitin ligase and inhibits apoptosis by degrading the death receptors in head and neck cancer. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011171. [PMID: 36867660 PMCID: PMC10016708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger ubiquitin ligase MARCHF8 is a human homolog of the viral ubiquitin ligases Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus K3 and K5 that promote host immune evasion. Previous studies have shown that MARCHF8 ubiquitinates several immune receptors, such as the major histocompatibility complex II and CD86. While human papillomavirus (HPV) does not encode any ubiquitin ligase, the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 are known to regulate host ubiquitin ligases. Here, we report that MARCHF8 expression is upregulated in HPV-positive head and neck cancer (HNC) patients but not in HPV-negative HNC patients compared to normal individuals. The MARCHF8 promoter is highly activated by HPV oncoprotein E6-induced MYC/MAX transcriptional activation. The knockdown of MARCHF8 expression in human HPV-positive HNC cells restores cell surface expression of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) death receptors, FAS, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2, and enhances apoptosis. MARCHF8 protein directly interacts with and ubiquitinates the TNFRSF death receptors. Further, MARCHF8 knockout in mouse oral cancer cells expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 augments cancer cell apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Our findings suggest that HPV inhibits host cell apoptosis by upregulating MARCHF8 and degrading TNFRSF death receptors in HPV-positive HNC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Canchai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lexi Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Smriti Chadha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Harrison Nabors
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Craig Welbon
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Claire D. James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - William C. Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Keller AC, Badani H, McClatchey PM, Baird NL, Bowlin JL, Bouchard R, Perng GC, Reusch JEB, Kaufer BB, Gilden D, Shahzad A, Kennedy PGE, Cohrs RJ. Varicella zoster virus infection of human fetal lung cells alters mitochondrial morphology. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:674-682. [PMID: 27245593 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous alphaherpesvirus that establishes latency in ganglionic neurons throughout the neuraxis after primary infection. Here, we show that VZV infection induces a time-dependent significant change in mitochondrial morphology, an important indicator of cellular health, since mitochondria are involved in essential cellular functions. VZV immediate-early protein 63 (IE63) was detected in mitochondria-rich cellular fractions extracted from infected human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL) by Western blotting. IE63 interacted with cytochrome c oxidase in bacterial 2-hybrid analyses. Confocal microscopy of VZV-infected HFL cells at multiple times after infection revealed the presence of IE63 in the nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Our data provide the first evidence that VZV infection induces alterations in mitochondrial morphology, including fragmentation, which may be involved in cellular damage and/or death during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Hussain Badani
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B182, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas L Baird
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B182, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Jacqueline L Bowlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B182, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Ron Bouchard
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, 80220, CO, USA
| | - Guey-Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, 80220, CO, USA
| | | | - Don Gilden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B182, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Aamir Shahzad
- Department of Biomolecular Structural Chemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter G E Kennedy
- Glasgow University Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Randall J Cohrs
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B182, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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Khalil MI, Che X, Sung P, Sommer MH, Hay J, Arvin AM. Mutational analysis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immediate early protein (IE62) subdomains and their importance in viral replication. Virology 2016; 492:82-91. [PMID: 26914506 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
VZV IE62 is an essential, immediate-early, tegument protein and consists of five domains. We generated recombinant viruses carrying mutations in the first three IE62 domains and tested their influence on VZV replication kinetics. The mutations in domain I did not affect replication kinetics while domain II mutations, disrupting the DNA binding and dimerization domain (DBD), were lethal for VZV replication. Mutations in domain III of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the two phosphorylation sites S686A/S722A resulted in slower growth in early and late infection respectively and were associated with IE62 accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. This study mapped the functional domains of IE62 in context of viral infection, indicating that DNA binding and dimerization domain is essential for VZV replication. In addition, the correct localization of IE62, whether nuclear or cytoplasmic, at different points in the viral life cycle, is important for normal progression of VZV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Khalil
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stan ford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Xibing Che
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stan ford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Phillip Sung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stan ford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marvin H Sommer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stan ford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John Hay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ann M Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stan ford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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5
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Khalil MI, Ruyechan WT, Hay J, Arvin A. Differential effects of Sp cellular transcription factors on viral promoter activation by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IE62 protein. Virology 2015; 485:47-57. [PMID: 26207799 PMCID: PMC4619144 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immediate early (IE) 62 protein is the major varicella-zoster virus (VZV) regulatory factor. Analysis of the VZV genome revealed 40 predicted GC-rich boxes within 36 promoters. We examined effects of ectopic expression of Sp1-Sp4 on IE62- mediated transactivation of three viral promoters. Ectopic expression of Sp3 and Sp4 enhanced IE62 activation of ORF3 and gI promoters while Sp3 reduced IE62 activation of ORF28/29 promoter and VZV DNA replication. Sp2 reduced IE62 transactivation of gI while Sp1 had no significant influence on IE62 activation with any of these viral promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed binding of Sp1 and Sp3 but not Sp2 and Sp4 to the gI promoter. Sp1-4 bound to IE62 and amino acids 238-258 of IE62 were important for the interaction with Sp3 and Sp4 as well as Sp1. This work shows that Sp family members have differential effects on IE62-mediated transactivation in a promoter-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Khalil
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center EL-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - William T Ruyechan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ann Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Khalil MI, Sommer M, Arvin A, Hay J, Ruyechan WT. Cellular transcription factor YY1 mediates the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IE62 transcriptional activation. Virology 2014; 449:244-53. [PMID: 24418559 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several cellular transcription factors have been shown to be involved in IE62-mediated activation. The YY1 cellular transcription factor has activating and repressive effects on gene transcription. Analysis of the VZV genome revealed 19 postulated YY1 binding sites located within putative promoters of 16 VZV genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed the binding of YY1 to ORF10, ORF28/29 and gI promoters and the mutation of these binding sites inhibited YY1 binding and the promoter activation by IE62 alone or following VZV infection. Mutation of the ORF28/29 YY1 site in the VZV genome displayed insignificant influence on virus growth in melanoma cells; but it inhibited the virus replication significantly at day 5 and 6 post infection in HELF cells. This work suggests a novel role for the cellular factor YY1 in VZV replication through the mediation of IE62 activation of viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Khalil
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marvin Sommer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ann Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - John Hay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William T Ruyechan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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