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Hong SL, Wang X, Bao ZH, Zhang MF, Tang M, Zhang N, Liu H, Zhu ZY, Liu K, Chen ZL, Li W. Simultaneous detection of multiple influenza virus subtypes based on microbead-encoded microfluidic chip. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341773. [PMID: 37827673 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus, existing many subtypes, causes a huge risk of people health and life. Different subtypes bring a huge challenge for detection and treatment, thus simultaneous detection of multiple influenza virus subtypes plays a key role in fight against this disease. In this work, three kinds of influenza virus subtypes are one-step detection based on microbead-encoded microfluidic chip. HIN1, H3N2 and H7N3 were simultaneously captured only by microbeads of different magnetism and sizes, and they were further treated by magnetic separation and enriched through the magnetism and size-dependent microfluidic structure. Different subtypes of influenza virus could be linearly encoded in different detection zones of microfluidic chip according to microbeads of magnetism and size differences. With the high-brightness quantum dots (QDs) as label, the enriched fluorescence detection signals were further read online from linearly encoded strips, obtaining high sensitivity with detection limit of HIN1, H3N2, H7N3 about 2.2 ng/mL, 3.4 ng/mL and 2.9 ng/mL. Moreover, a visual operation interface, microcontroller unit and two-way syringe pump were consisted of a miniaturized detection device, improving the detection process automation. And this assay showed strong specificity. This method improves a new way of multiple pathogens detection using microbead-encoded technologies in the microfluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Li Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Bao
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Fan Zhang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Tang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Nangang Zhang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.
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Biswal JK, Ranjan R, Mohapatra JK, Rout M, Joshi HR, Singh RP. Development of TaqMan Probe-Based One-Step RT-qPCR Assay Targeting 2B-NSP Coding Region for Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in India. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:245. [PMID: 37328626 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A one-step TaqMan probe-based RT-qPCR assay in the duplex format simultaneously targeting FMD Virus (FMDV) 2B NSP-coding region and 18S rRNA housekeeping gene was developed and evaluated. The duplex RT-qPCR assay specifically detected FMDV genome in both infected cell culture suspensions and a variety of clinical samples such as FMD-affected tongue/feet epithelium, oral/nasal swabs, milk and oro-pharyngeal fluids. The RT-qPCR assay was found to be highly sensitive, since the assay was 105-fold more sensitive than the traditional FMDV detecting antigen-ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and 102-fold better sensitive than both virus isolation and agarose gel-based RT-multiplex PCR. In addition, the assay could detect up to 100 copies of FMDV genome per reaction. In the epithelial samples (n = 582) collected from the FMD-affected animals, the diagnostic sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 99-100%). Similarly, all the FMDV-negative samples (n = 65) tested were confirmed negative by the new RT-qPCR assay, corresponding to 100% diagnostic specificity (95% CI = 94-100%). Further, the duplex RT-qPCR assay proved to be robust, showing an inter-assay co-efficient of variations ranging from 1.4 to 3.56% for FMDV-2B gene target, and from 2 to 4.12% for 18S rRNA gene target. While analyzing FMDV-infected cell culture suspension, a fairly strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.85) was observed between 2B-based RT-qPCR and WOAH-approved 5'UTR RT-qPCR assays. Therefore, the one-step RT-qPCR assay developed here with an internal control could be used for rapid, effective, and reliable detection of FMDV in pan-serotypic manner, and has the potential for routine diagnosis of FMDV in high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jajati K Mohapatra
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manoranjan Rout
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Nguyen VG, Cao TBP, Le VT, Truong HT, Chu TTH, Dang HA, Nguyen TH, Le TL, Huynh TML. A Multiplex PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040272. [PMID: 37104427 PMCID: PMC10144794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, many fluorescence- and gel-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple infectious agents of respiratory disease in poultry. However, PCR assays are not available for other important emerging respiratory bacteria, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT). We aimed to fill this gap by establishing a new duplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and ORT. Multiplex primer design software was used to select the compatible multiplex primer pairs. It was determined that an annealing temperature of 65 °C and an initial concentration of 2.5 pmol/µL for each primer set were the most suitable conditions for multiplex PCR. The assay was confirmed to be specific, as it only detected the target pathogens, even in the presence of six non-target agents. The limit of detection was up to 103 copies/µL of template DNA for both ILTV and ORT. In the screening of 304 field samples, 23, 88, and 44 were positive for both ILTV and ORT, solely for ILTV, and solely ORT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Bich-Phuong Cao
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Truong Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha-Thai Truong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Thanh-Huong Chu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Anh Dang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Hoa Nguyen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Luyen Le
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-My-Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Yan S, Yang F, Yao H, Dong D, Wu D, Wu N, Ye C, Wu H. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of H1, H2 and H3 subtype avian influenza viruses. Virus Genes 2023; 59:333-337. [PMID: 36515804 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are influenza A viruses, of which subtypes H1, H2 and H3 are highly transmissible in poultry and have the risk of transmission to human as well. It is important to establish an accurate, sensitive and convenient means of virus detection. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay based on conserved sequences of the virus hemagglutinin and matrix, and designed primers and probes for the simultaneous and rapid detection of AIV subtypes H1, H2 and H3. We used different subtypes of AIVs and other avian respiratory viruses for evaluation of the specificity of this method. The results showed good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The detection limit was 10-100 copies per reaction. The method also achieved good concordance with the virus isolation method when compared to 81 poultry samples evaluated. It provides a new method for detecting mixed infections of AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Dalu Dong
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd, 27 Tuyi Road, Cangqian Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd, 27 Tuyi Road, Cangqian Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Chunsheng Ye
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd, 27 Tuyi Road, Cangqian Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Yang HH, Huang IT, Wu RC, Chen LK. A highly efficient and accurate method of detecting and subtyping Influenza A pdm H1N1 and H3N2 viruses with newly emerging mutations in the matrix gene in Eastern Taiwan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283074. [PMID: 36952488 PMCID: PMC10035893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification of Influenza A virus and its variants, which cause severe respiratory diseases, is imperative to providing timely treatment and improving patient outcomes. Conventionally, two separate assays (total test duration of up to 6 h) are required to initially differentiate Influenza A and B viruses and subsequently distinguish the pdm H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes of Influenza A virus. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for simultaneously detecting Influenza A and B viruses and subtyping Influenza A virus, with a substantially reduced test duration. Clinical specimens from hospitalized patients and outpatients with influenza-like symptoms in Eastern Taiwan were collected between 2011 and 2015, transported to Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, and analyzed. Conventional RT-PCR was used to subtype the isolated Influenza A viruses. Thereafter, for rapid identification, the multiplex real-time RT-PCR method was developed and applied to identify the conserved regions that aligned with the available primers and probes. Accordingly, a multiplex RT-PCR assay with three groups of primers and probes (MAF and MAR primers and MA probe; InfAF and InfAR primers and InfA probe; and MBF and MBR primers and MB probe) was established to distinguish these viruses in the same reaction. Thus, with this multiplex RT-PCR assay, Influenza B, Influenza A pdm H1N1, and Influenza A H3N2 viruses were accurately detected and differentiated within only 2.5 h. This multiplex RT-PCR assay showed similar analytical sensitivity to the conventional singleplex assay. Further, the phylogenetic analyses of our samples revealed that the characteristics of these viruses were different from those reported previously using samples collected during 2012–2013. In conclusion, we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for highly efficient and accurate detection and differentiation of Influenza A and B viruses and subtyping Influenza A virus with a substantially reduced test duration for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Yang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Taiwan CDC Collaborating Laboratories of Virology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsong Huang
- Taiwan CDC Collaborating Laboratories of Virology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chieh Wu
- Branch of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuang Chen
- Taiwan CDC Collaborating Laboratories of Virology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Branch of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Jiang XW, Huang TS, Xie L, Chen SZ, Wang SD, Huang ZW, Li XY, Ling WP. Development of a diagnostic assay by three-tube multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of nine microorganisms causing acute respiratory infections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13306. [PMID: 35922526 PMCID: PMC9427838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are widespread in vulnerable populations of all ages and are characterized by a variety of symptoms. The underlying infection can be caused by a multitude of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria. Early detection of respiratory infections through rapid pathogen screening is vital in averting infectious respiratory disease epidemics. This study utilized a multiplex real-time PCR system to develop a three-tube reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay, enabling simultaneously detect nine respiratory pathogens, including: influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This technique utilizes a one-step assay, with specifically designed TaqMan primer-probe sets combined in the same tube. This assay provided rapid and simplified detection of the nine prevalent pathogens, as well as increased sensitivity and reduced cross-contamination. This assay was evaluated using 25 related viral/bacterial strains as positive references, the other 25 irrelevant strains as negative controls, and clinical specimens from 179 patients. All positive strains were detected with no amplification of the non-target microorganism mixtures and the assay's detection limits ranged between 250-500 copies/ml (1.25-2.5 copies/reaction). A total of 167 (93.3%) samples tested positive for at least one of the pathogens identified; 109 of these samples were from patients confirmed to have RSV infections. The diagnostic accuracy of our assay was further confirmed by matching results from classical direct immunofluorescence assay and nucleotide sequencing. These data demonstrate the innovative multiplex real-time PCR assay as a promising alternative to the current approaches used for early screening of acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wen Jiang
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China.
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao-Sheng Huang
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Xie
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Si-Ze Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Precise Therapy Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province for Esophageal Cancer, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Dong Wang
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Huang
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Ling
- Research Institute, DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., No. 19 Xiangshan Road, Guangzhou, China
- The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
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Ameen SM, Adel A, Selim A, Magouz A, AboElKhair M, Bazid AH. A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation of classical and variant II strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2729-2741. [PMID: 36175795 PMCID: PMC9741560 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes is essential for controlling infectious bronchitis (IB) disease, because vaccines that differ from the circulating strains might not provide efficient cross-protection. In Egypt, IBV strain typing is a difficult process, due to the widespread distribution of four genotype lineages (GI-13, GI-23, GI-1, and GI-16), which may contribute to IBV vaccination failure. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-qPCR) assay that targets highly conserved areas of the S1 gene in order to detect classical (G1) and Egyptian variant II (G23) strains in allantoic fluids and clinical samples. The viral genotyping technique was assessed using commercially available vaccines as well as local strains, and 16 field isolates were tested to investigate its clinical applicability. The assay was found to be specific for the detection of classical and VAR II strains and did not detect the VAR I strain or other avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus (H9N2 and H5N8), or infectious bursal disease virus. The results also showed that 28 out of 41 samples tested positive for IBV utilizing rt-qRT-PCR targeting the N gene and that 26 out of the 28 positive samples were genotyped by mRT-qPCR targeting the S1 gene, whereas the remaining two samples that were not genotyped were VAR 1 (4/91) and VAR I (793/B). Interestingly, the testing could identify combined infections in one sample, indicating a mixed infection with both genotypes. The real-time RT-PCR assay could detect viral RNA at concentrations as low as 102 EID50 /ml for both classical and variant II. This assay is rapid, specific, and sensitive. It appears to be a valuable tool for regular disease monitoring that can be used to differentiate as well as identify viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Ameen
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Asmaa Magouz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mohammed AboElKhair
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897 Egypt
| | - AbdelHamid H. Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897 Egypt
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Yang F, Dong D, Wu D, Zhu L, Liu F, Yao H, Wu N, Ye C, Wu H. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for detecting H5, H7 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses in field and clinical samples. Virus Res 2021; 309:198669. [PMID: 34954007 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, H5 and H7 subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have been identified in poultry worldwide, resulting in large economic losses to poultry production. Furthermore, H9N2 low pathogenic AIVs are reported to provide internal genes for generating novel reassortant AIVs, leading to potential pandemic risks. To establish an accurate, sensitive and convenient diagnostic method for H5, H7 and H9 subtype AIVs in Eurasian lineage, four groups of specific primers and probes were designed based on the conserved fragments of M, H5, H7 and H9 genes, and a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) method was established. High sensitivity was achieved for the multiplex RRT-PCR approach, with a detection limit of 1-10 copies (plasmid DNA) per reaction. The specificity of the method was evaluated using diverse subtypes of AIVs and other avian respiratory viruses isolated in eastern China over the last 9 years. Compared with virus isolation, a higher consistency was achieved when assessing 135 field samples and 126 clinical samples. The results showed that the multiplex RRT-PCR method is a fast, convenient and practical method for AIV clinical detection and epidemiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dalu Dong
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd., 17 Futai Road, Zhongtai Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd., 17 Futai Road, Zhongtai Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chunsheng Ye
- Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co.,Ltd., 17 Futai Road, Zhongtai Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Molecular Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Chickens with a Microfluidic Chip. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113203. [PMID: 34827935 PMCID: PMC8614514 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) presents a major risk to the chicken industry. Rapid, specific, simple, and point-of-need molecular detection of the virus is crucial to enable chicken farms to take timely action and contain the spread of infection. The current study describes an isothermal amplification assay for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection and the implementation of this assay in a microfluidic chip suitable for molecular detection and quasi-quantification of ILTV in diagnostic veterinary laboratories with low resources and poultry farms. Our assay performance was compared and favorably agreed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). Clinical tests of our assay and chip with samples from diseased chickens demonstrated good concordance with the gold-standard benchtop qPCR assay. Abstract Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a viral disease of chickens’ respiratory system that imposes considerable financial burdens on the chicken industry. Rapid, simple, and specific detection of this virus is crucial to enable proper control measures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests require relatively expensive instruments and skilled personnel, confining their application to centralized laboratories. To enable chicken farms to take timely action and contain the spread of infection, we describe a rapid, simple, semi-quantitative benchtop isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, and a field-deployable microfluidic device for the diagnosis of ILTV infection in chickens. Our assay performance was compared and favorably agreed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The sensitivity of our real-time LAMP test is 250 genomic copies/reaction. Clinical performance of our microfluidic device using samples from diseased chickens showed 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in comparison with benchtop LAMP assay and the gold-standard qPCR. Our method facilitates simple, specific, and rapid molecular ILTV detection in low-resource veterinary diagnostic laboratories and can be used for field molecular diagnosis of suspected ILT cases.
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Morris C, Lee YS, Yoon S. Adventitious agent detection methods in bio-pharmaceutical applications with a focus on viruses, bacteria, and mycoplasma. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:105-114. [PMID: 34325176 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious agents present significant complications to biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Adventitious agents include numerous lifeforms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycoplasma, and others that are inadvertently introduced into biological systems. They present significant problems to the stability of cell cultures and the sterility of manufacturing products. In this review, detection methods for bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasma are comprehensively addressed. Detection methods for viruses include traditional culture-based methods, electron microscopy studies, in vitro molecular and antibody assays, sequencing methods (massive parallel or next generation sequencing), and degenerate PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Bacteria, on the other hand, can be detected with culture-based approaches, PCR, and biosensor-based methods. Mycoplasma can be detected via PCR (including specific kits), microbiological culture methods, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This review highlights the advantages and weaknesses of current detection methods while exploring potential avenues for further development and improvement of novel detection methods. Additionally, a brief evaluation of the transition of these methods into the gene therapy production realm with a focus on viral titer monitoring will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Morris
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Yong Suk Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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11
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Yao R, Ianevski A, Kainov D. Safe-in-Man Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:313-337. [PMID: 34258746 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases occur with regularity within the human population. The conventional 'one drug, one virus' paradigm for antivirals does not adequately allow for proper preparedness in the face of unknown future epidemics. In addition, drug developers lack the financial incentives to work on antiviral drug discovery, with most pharmaceutical companies choosing to focus on more profitable disease areas. Safe-in-man broad spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs) can help meet the need for antiviral development by already having passed phase I clinical trials, requiring less time and money to develop, and having the capacity to work against many viruses, allowing for a speedy response when unforeseen epidemics arise. In this chapter, we discuss the benefits of repurposing existing drugs as BSAAs, describe the major steps in safe-in-man BSAA drug development from discovery through clinical trials, and list several database resources that are useful tools for antiviral drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouan Yao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Institute for Molecule Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Álvarez-Díaz DA, Valencia-Álvarez E, Rivera JA, Rengifo AC, Usme-Ciro JA, Peláez-Carvajal D, Lozano-Jiménez YY, Torres-Fernández O. An updated RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection and quantification of chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104967. [PMID: 34116240 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-qPCR) has become a leading technique for the detection and quantification of arboviruses, including Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses. In this study, an updated real-time RT-qPCR assay was designed and evaluated together with a synthetic positive-control chimeric RNA for the simultaneous detection and quantification of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses. Amplification assays were performed to verify the construct integrity and optimal reaction/thermal cycling conditions. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined for each virus in single and multiplex reactions, as well as the performance in the detection and viral load quantification of experimental samples. The real-time RT-qPCR assay presented here allowed for the simultaneous detection and quantification of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses and could be applied in several studies where the accurate quantification of viral genomes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Álvarez-Díaz
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Grupo de Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Doctorado en Ciencias Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia.
| | - Emmanuel Valencia-Álvarez
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Programa de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alonso Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - José Aldemar Usme-Ciro
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico-CIST, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, 470003, Colombia
| | - Dioselina Peláez-Carvajal
- Grupo de Virología, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | | | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia
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Abstract
Sensitive, specific and rapid molecular diagnosis of respiratory diseases in animals and humans is critical to facilitate appropriate control measures and treatment. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostics requires relatively expensive equipment and trained staff, restricting its use to centralized laboratories with significant delays between sample collection and test results. Herein, we report a highly sensitive, rapid, point-of-need, two-stage-molecular test that requires minimal instrumentation and training. Our test, dubbed Penn-RAMP, combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA, 38 °C) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP, 63 °C) in one tube, enabling nested, two-stage isothermal amplification. We demonstrate Penn-RAMP's efficacy by testing for two common viral respiratory diseases of chickens: infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and infectious bronchitis (IB) that impose great economic burden worldwide. Test results of clinical samples with our closed-tube Penn-RAMP assays concord with the gold standard quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay; with 10-fold better limit of detection than LAMP and qPCR. Our closed-tube Penn-RAMP assays have the potential to greatly reduce false negatives while requiring minimal instrumentation and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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14
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Norouzi P, Nezamoddini M, Safarnejad MR. Antibody-oriented immobilization for newcastle disease virus detection using label free electrochemical immunosensor. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Selvakesavan RK, Franklin G. Nanoparticles Affect the Expression Stability of Housekeeping Genes in Plant Cells. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:77-88. [PMID: 32884247 PMCID: PMC7431599 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s265641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report on the expression stability of several housekeeping/reference genes that can be used in the normalization of target gene expression in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of plant cells challenged with metal nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and Methods Uniform cell suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum were treated with 25 mg/l silver and gold NPs (14-15 nm in diameter). Cells were collected after 0.5, 4.0, and 12 h. The total RNA isolated from the cells was analyzed for the stability of ACT2, ACT3, ACT7, EF1-α, GAPDH, H2A, TUB-α, TUB-β, and 18S rRNA genes using qRT-PCR. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of the genes were analyzed using the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder statistical algorithms to rank gene stability. The stability of the top-ranked genes was validated by normalizing the expression of HYP1. Results The expression of the tested housekeeping genes varied with treatment duration and NP types. EF1-α in gold NP treatment and TUB-α and EF1-α in silver NP treatment ranked among the top three positions. However, none of the genes retained their top ranking with time and across NP types. Conclusion EF1-α can be used as a reference for treatment involving both silver and gold NPs in H. perforatum cells. TUB-α can be used only for silver NP-treated cells. The expression instability of most of the housekeeping genes highlights the importance of systematic standardization of reference genes for NP treatment conditions to draw proper conclusions on the target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Franklin
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60-479, Poland
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16
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Li X, Zhang K, Pei Y, Xue J, Ruan S, Zhang G. Development and Application of an MRT-qPCR Assay for Detecting Coinfection of Six Vertically Transmitted or Immunosuppressive Avian Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1581. [PMID: 32765453 PMCID: PMC7379340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), avian reovirus (ARV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) are important causes of disease in poultry. To investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in China, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (MRT-qPCR) assay in the study. A series of validation tests confirmed that the MRT-qPCR assay has high specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. As for six detected pathogens, CIAV had the highest detection ratio, while ARV was not detected in any samples. In the spleen samples, the coinfection rate for MDV and CIAV was 1.6%, and that for REV and CIAV was 0.4%. In the bursa samples, the coinfection rate for FAdV and CIAV was 0.3%, and that for IBDV and CIAV was 1%. In the thymus samples, the coinfection rates for MDV and CIAV and for REV and CIAV were both 0.8%. Our study indicates that the coinfection of these viruses was existing in chickens in China. Through the detection of clinical samples, this study provides data on the coinfections of the above six pathogens and provides a basis for the further study of viral coinfection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Keran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sifan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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El-Tholoth M, Mauk MG, Anis E, Bau HH. A closed-tube, single-step, real time, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for infectious bronchitis virus detection in chickens. J Virol Methods 2020; 284:113940. [PMID: 32687868 PMCID: PMC7367007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A closed tube, single-step-real-time-RT-LAMP assay was developed for detection and semi-quantification of IBV in closed tube. The least limit of detection of our assay is 1 EID50/ ml. Clinical evaluation of samples from diseased chickens using our assay shows a very good concordance with RT-qPCR assay.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a viral infection of the chicken respiratory tract that causes substantial economic burden on the industry. Simple, specific and rapid diagnosis of this disease is critical for the initiation of appropriate control measures. Conventional molecular diagnostic methods require a relatively sophisticated equipment and skilled staff. Here we describe a rapid, simple, semi-quantative, closed-tube, single-step, real-time- reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for IB and compare our assay with quantative, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The limit of detection (LOD) of our RT-LAMP assay is 1 EID50/ ml. Clinical evaluation of samples from diseased chickens with our RT-LAMP showed a very good concordance with RT-qPCR. Our assay enables simple, specific, rapid molecular detection and semi-quantification of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Furthermore, our RT-LAMP detection is carried out in a sealed tube, eliminating the risk of false-positive results in subsequent tests because of any contamination of the work area as in the case of lateral flow strip or gel electrophoresis-based amplicon detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Michael G Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eman Anis
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, United States
| | - Haim H Bau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Discovery and development of safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:268-276. [PMID: 32081774 PMCID: PMC7128205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the discovery and development process of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. We summarized the information on 120 safe-in-man agents in a freely accessible database. Further studies will increase the number of broad-spectrum antivirals, expand the spectrum of their indications, and identify drug combinations for treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections.
Viral diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Virus-specific vaccines and antiviral drugs are the most powerful tools to combat viral diseases. However, broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs, i.e. compounds targeting viruses belonging to two or more viral families) could provide additional protection of the general population from emerging and re-emerging viral diseases, reinforcing the arsenal of available antiviral options. Here, we review discovery and development of BSAAs and summarize the information on 120 safe-in-man agents in a freely accessible database (https://drugvirus.info/). Future and ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies will increase the number of BSAAs, expand the spectrum of their indications, and identify drug combinations for treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections as well as co-infections.
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Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek's disease virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113708. [PMID: 31351169 PMCID: PMC7119753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The great advance in the field of diagnosis of avian viruses is reflecting the highly sophisticated molecular assays of the human and general virology in providing highly sensitive and fast methods of diagnosis. The present review will discuss the biotic factors and the complexities that became evident with the evolution of the novel molecular diagnostic assays with emphasis on 4 avian viruses, chicken anemia, infectious laryngotracheitis, turkey meningoencephalitis, but mainly on Marek's disease virus. To create a biologically meaningful diagnosis, attention should be dedicated to various biotic factors and not only of the diagnostic assay. Included among the important factors are, (a) the sample examined and the sampling strategy, (b) the outcomes of the pathogen amplification ex vivo, (c) the sampling time and its reflection on the disease diagnosis, (d) the impact of simultaneous multiple virus-infections regarding the ability to demonstrate all pathogens and inter- and intra-interactions between the pathogens. A concerted consideration of the relevant factors and the use of advanced molecular diagnostic assay would yield biologically significant diagnosis in real-time that would beneficiate the poultry industry.
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Rim A, Nacira L, Jihene N, Said S, Khaled M, Ahmed R, Abdeljelil G. Viral interference between H9N2-low pathogenic avian influenza virus and avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain H120 in vivo. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:219-225. [PMID: 31300117 PMCID: PMC7112602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIV and IBV co-infection led to decreased growth of both viruses. During super-infection, the second virus decreased the growth of the first virus. ELISA antibody titers, depending on the experimental conditions. Histopathological findings showed important lesions.
The interaction between a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (A/CK/TUN/145/2012), a H9N2 Tunisian isolate, and a vaccine strain (H120) of avian infectious bronchitis, administered simultaneously or sequentially three days apart to chicks during 20 days, was evaluated using ELISA antibody levels, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses and histopathology examination. First, the in vivo replication interference of avian influenza virus (AIV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was evaluated using qRT-PCR to detect accurately either AIV or IBV genomes or viral copy numbers during dual infections. Second, we have determined the amount of specific antibodies in sera of chick’s infected with AIV alone, IBV alone, mixed AIV + IBV, IBV then AIV or AIV IBV 3 days later using an ELISA test. Finally, histopathological analyses of internal organs from inoculated chicks were realized. Quantitative results of AIV and IBV co-infection showed that interferences between the two viruses yielded decreased viral growth. However, in the case of super-infection, the second virus, either AIV or IBV, induced a decrease in the growth of the first inoculated virus. According to our results, vaccine application was safe and do not interfere with AIV H9N2 infection, and does not enhance such infection. In conclusion, co-infection of chicks with AIV and IBV, simultaneously or sequentially, affected the clinical signs, the virus replication dynamics as well as the internal organ integrity. The results proposed that infection with heterologous virus may result in temporary competition for cell receptors or competent cells for replication, most likely interferon-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouini Rim
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Laamiri Nacira
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Nsiri Jihene
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia.
| | - Salhi Said
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Miled Khaled
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia.
| | - Rejab Ahmed
- National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi-Thabet, 2020 Sidi-Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Ghram Abdeljelil
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to Coronaviridae family. The disease is prevalent in all countries with almost 100% incidence rate. Chicken and commercially reared pheasant are the natural host for IBV. Virus causes respiratory diseases, poor weight gain, feed efficiency in broiler, damage to oviduct, and abnormal egg production in mature hens resulting in economic losses. IBV also replicates in tracheal and renal epithelial cells leading to prominent tracheal and kidney lesions. Virus undergoes spontaneous mutation leading to continual emergence of new variants. The effectiveness of immunization program is diminished because of poor cross-protection among the serotypes. Identification of circulating serotypes is important in controlling IBV infection. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR21 are involved in early recognition of virus resulting in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are important in the control of infection. Humoral immunity plays an important role in recovery and clearance of viral infection. IBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce lysis of IBV-infected cells. Effective diagnostic tools are required at field level to identify different IBV variants. Embryonated chicken eggs are effective model for virus isolation. Identification by other specific methods like virus neutralization (VN), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, or nucleic acid analysis or by electron microscopy is also indispensable. VN test in tracheal organ culture is the best method for antigenic typing for surveillance purposes. Continuous epidemiological surveillance, strict biosecurity measures, and vaccine effective against various serotypes are necessary for controlling IB in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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Li Q, Wang L, Sun Y, Liu J, Ma F, Yang J, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Luo J, Guo J, Deng R, Zhang G. Evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for detection of avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:475-480. [PMID: 30973087 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719837320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated an immunochromatographic strip for the detection of avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, NDV) based on a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically recognizes the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The anti-HN mAb was labeled with colloidal gold as the detector. A chicken anti-NDV polyclonal antibody and staphylococcal protein A (SPA) were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane for the test and control lines, respectively. The strip specifically recognized the NDV antigen with no cross-reactivity to other viruses that were examined. Furthermore, it specifically recognized a variety of NDV isolates, including virulent and attenuated strains. These results were confirmed using hemagglutination (HA) and RT-PCR assays. The NDV detection strip detected 104.9 EID50 viruses/0.1 mL in the NDV-infected sample, which is comparable to the classical HA test (105.2 EID50/0.1 mL). Following experimental infection, NDV was detected using the detection strip in infected tissues as early as 36 h after experimental infection and prior to development of clinical signs and appearance of gross anatomic lesions. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the NDV detection strip for NDV infection were 83.3% and 100%, respectively, as confirmed by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Fansu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Jifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Junqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China (Li, Wang, Sun, Liu, Ma, Yang, Zhao, Luo, Guo, Deng).,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China (Y Zhang, G Zhang).,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (G Zhang)
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23
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Lyu J, Yu Y, Pan C, Zhou J, Ren X. Development and validation of a method for human papillomavirus genotyping based on molecular beacon probes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207930. [PMID: 30496224 PMCID: PMC6264813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new assaying system for the detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) based on linear-after-the-exponential-PCR(LATE-PCR) and melting curve analysis. The 23 most prevalent HPV strains (types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73, 81, 82, and 83) are assayed in two sealed reaction tubes within 2 h. Good sensitivity and specificity was evaluated by testing cloned HPV DNA and clinical samples. The detection limit was 5–500 copies/reaction depending on the genotype. No cross-reactivity was observed with the other HPV types that are not covered by our method or pathogens tested which were commonly found in female genital tract. When compared with the HPV GenoArray Diagnostic kit, the results from 1104 clinical samples suggest good overall agreement between the two methods,(98.37%, 95% CI: 97.44%–98.97%) and the kappa value was 0.954. Overall, this new HPV genotyping assay system presents a simple, rapid, universally applicable, sensitive, and highly specific detection methodology that should be useful for HPV detection and genotyping, therefore, is potentially of great value in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Lyu
- Research and Development Centre, Hangzhou DiAn Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Yu
- Research and Development Centre, Hangzhou DiAn Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caixia Pan
- Research and Development Centre, Hangzhou DiAn Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Research and Development Centre, Hangzhou DiAn Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuyi Ren
- Research and Development Centre, Hangzhou DiAn Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Aouini R, Laamiri N, Ghram A. Viral interference between low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in vitro and in ovo. J Virol Methods 2018; 259:92-99. [PMID: 29940196 PMCID: PMC7119724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are important pathogens of poultry, causing important economic losses for the sector. Replication interference between these two viruses was described using cell cultures (CC) and embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Chicken embryo lung (CEL) and ECE were simultaneously or sequentially infected with IBV vaccine strain (H120) and LPAIV-H9N2 (A/Ck/TUN/145/2012) to evaluate viral interactionsin vitro and in ovo, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR was developed to specifically quantify both AIV and IBV genomes as well as viral gene copy numbers during mixed infections. The amount of IL-1 beta, in supernatants of co-infected cell cultures, was determined using an ELISA assay. RESULTS Quantitative results of AIV and IBV co-infection showed that interferences between the two viruses yielded decreased viral growth. However, in the case of super-infection, the second virus, either AIV or IBV, induced a decrease in the growth of the first inoculated virus. CONCLUSION It appears that either AIV or IBV has a negative impact on the other virus growth when they are inoculated simultaneously or sequentially. The ELISA results showed that higher level of secreted IL-1beta varies, depending on the viral interference conditions between both viruses, during mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Aouini
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunis, Belvedere, 1002, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Nacira Laamiri
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunis, Belvedere, 1002, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunis, Belvedere, 1002, Tunisia.
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