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Zhang CD, Jiang LH, Zhou X, He YP, Liu Y, Zhou DM, Lv Y, Wu BQ, Zhao ZY. Synergistic antitumor efficacy of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib in pancreatic cancer by generating oxidative DNA damage and ROS-dependent apoptosis. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101812. [PMID: 37871517 PMCID: PMC10598409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies with BRCA1/2 deficiencies are particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Thus, combining PARP inhibitors with agents that impair DNA damage repair to treat BRCA1/2 wild-type PDAC could broaden the clinical use of these promising PARP inhibitors. Here we examined the synergism and mechanism of oncolytic measles virus (rMV-Hu191) with a PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, colony formation assay, TCID 50 method, western blotting, flow cytometry, DNA comet assay, Mice bearing PDAC xenografts, IF, IHC and TUNEL assay were performed to explore the antitumor efficacy and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we explored the antitumor activities of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib in two PDAC cell lines harboring wild-type BRCA1/2 genes. Compared to monotherapy, the combination of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib was able to synergistically cause growth arrest, apoptotic cell death and DNA damage, accompanying with excessive oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the data indicated that the observed synergy depended on the oxidative DNA damage and ROS-dependent apoptosis generating by rMV-Hu191 combined with Olaparib in human PDAC cells. Tumor inhibition and prolonged survival of PDAC mice xenografts in vivo confirmed the synergism of combinational treatment with trivial side-effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings firstly suggested that combination treatment with rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib had a profound and synergistic therapeutic effect against human PDAC through synthetic lethality. In conclusion, we recommend combining oncolytic rMV-Hu191 with a PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) as a novel therapeutic strategy and provided a potential mechanism for advanced PDAC regardless of BRCA mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-di Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Li X, Zhao Y, Teng QY, Zhang XH, Xue J, Zhang GZ. Methyltransferase K-D-K-E motif influences the intercellular transmission of Newcastle disease virus. Virulence 2023; 14:2186336. [PMID: 36919461 PMCID: PMC10026920 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2186336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that two methyltransferase motifs, K-D-K-E and G-G-D, affect the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by regulating mRNA translation and virus transmission. Here, we compared the infectious centre area produced by the NDV strain, rSG10, and methyltransferase motifs mutant rSG10 strains in DF-1 cells. The results show that intercellular transmission was attenuated by methyltransferase motif mutations. We further determined the ability of mutant viruses to spread in cell-free and cell-to-cell situations. Cell-free transmission of rSG10-K1756A was not reduced, indicating that cell-to-cell transmission of rSG10-K1756A was decreased. Using a donor and target system, we demonstrated that NDV can spread from cell-to-cell directly. Furthermore, by comparing the protein distribution area of three strains when treated with 2% agar overlay, we found that rSG10-K1756A was defective in cell-to-cell transmission. Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are an important mode for cell-to-cell transmission. Treatment of cells with cytochalasin D (CytoD) or nocodazole to inhibit the formation of TNTs, reduced protein levels in all strains, but rSG10-K1756A was the least affected. These results indicate that mutation of the K-D-K-E motif is likely to restricted the spread of NDV via TNTs. Finally, we observed that matrix protein (M) and fusion protein (F) promoted the formation of cellular extensions, which may be involved in the cell-to-cell spread of NDV. Our research reveals a novel mechanism by which methyltransferase motifs affect the cell-to-cell spread of NDV and provides insight into dissemination of paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Wu A, Li Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Peng J, Zhu M, Li Y, Song H, Zhou D, Zhang C, Lv Y, Zhao Z. Recombinant measles virus vaccine rMV-Hu191 exerts an oncolytic effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:171. [PMID: 37202386 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have recently been proven to be an effective and promising cancer therapeutic strategy, but there is rare data about oncolytic therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), especially oncolytic measles virotherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the recombinant measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 has an oncolytic effect against ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that rMV-Hu191 could efficiently replicate in and kill ESCC cells through caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Mechanistically, rMV-Hu191 triggers mitochondrial dysfunction to induce pyroptosis, which is mediated by BAK (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1) or BAX (BCL2 associated X). Further analysis revealed that rMV-Hu191 activates inflammatory signaling in ESCC cells, which may enhance the oncolytic efficiency. Moreover, intratumoral injection of rMV-Hu191 induced dramatic tumor regression in an ESCC xenograft model. Collectively, these findings imply that rMV-Hu191 exhibits an antitumor effect through BAK/BAX-dependent caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and provides a potentially promising new therapy for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Wu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongyue Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinkai Peng
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chudi Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Lu M, Thongpan I, Xu J, Kc M, Dravid P, Trivedi S, Sharma H, Liang X, Kapoor A, Peeples ME, Li J. Recombinant measles virus expressing prefusion spike protein stabilized by six rather than two prolines is more efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28687. [PMID: 36941778 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) has been an excellent vector platform for delivering vaccines against many pathogens because of its high safety and efficacy, and induction of long-lived immunity. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, a recombinant MeV (rMeV) expressing the prefusion full-length spike protein stabilized by two prolines (TMV-083) was developed and tested in phase 1 and 1/2 clinical trials but was discontinued because of insufficient immunogenicity and a low seroconversion rate in adults. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of rMeV expressing a soluble prefusion spike (preS) protein stabilized by two prolines (rMeV-preS-2P) with a rMeV expressing a soluble preS protein stabilized by six prolines (rMeV-preS-6P). We found that rMeV-preS-6P expressed approximately five times more preS than rMeV-preS-2P in cell culture. Importantly, rMeV-preS-6P induced 30-60 and six times more serum immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody than rMeV-preS-2P, respectively, in IFNAR-/- mice. IFNAR-/- mice immunized with rMeV-preS-6P were completely protected from challenge with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, whereas those immunized with rMeV-preS-2P were partially protected. In addition, hamsters immunized with rMeV-preS-6P were completely protected from the challenge with a Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrate that rMeV-preS-6P is significantly more efficacious than rMeV-preS-2P, highlighting the value of using preS-6P as the antigen for developing vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ilada Thongpan
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahesh Kc
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Piyush Dravid
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sheetal Trivedi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xueya Liang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amit Kapoor
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Mutations in the Methyltransferase Motifs of L Protein Attenuate Newcastle Disease Virus by Regulating Viral Translation and Cell-to-Cell Spread. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0131221. [PMID: 34585949 PMCID: PMC8557825 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01312-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The large (L) polymerase proteins of most nonsegmented, negative-stranded (NNS) RNA viruses have conserved methyltransferase motifs, (G)-G-G-D and K-D-K-E, which are important for the stabilization and translation of mRNA. However, the function of the (G)-G-G-D and K-D-K-E motifs in the NNS RNA virus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains unclear. We observed G-G-D and K-D-K-E motifs in all NDV genotypes. By using the infection cloning system of NDV rSG10 strain, recombinant NDVs with a single amino acid mutated to alanine in one motif (G-G-D or K-D-K-E) were rescued. The intracerebral pathogenicity index and mean death time assay results revealed that the G-G-D motif and K-D-K-E motif attenuate the virulence of NDV to various degrees. The replication, transcription, and translation levels of the K-D-K-E motif-mutant strains were significantly higher than those of wild-type virus owing to their altered regulation of the affinity between nucleocapsid protein and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. When the infection dose was changed from a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 to an MOI of 0.01, the cell-to-cell spread abilities of G-G-D- and K-D-K-E-mutant strains were reduced, according to plaque assay and dynamic indirect immunofluorescence assay results. Finally, we found that NDV strains with G-G-D or K-D-K-E motif mutations had less pathogenicity in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens than wild-type NDV. Therefore, these methyltransferase motifs can affect virulence by regulating the translation and cell-to-cell spread abilities of NDV. This work provides a feasible approach for generating vaccine candidates for viruses with methyltransferase motifs. IMPORTANCE Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important pathogen that is widespread globally. Research on its pathogenic mechanism is an important means of improving prevention and control efforts. Our study found that a deficiency in its methyltransferase motifs (G-G-D and K-D-K-E motifs) can attenuate NDV and revealed the molecular mechanism by which these motifs affect pathogenicity, which provides a new direction for the development of NDV vaccines. In addition to the (G)-G-G-D and K-D-K-E motifs of many nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses, similar motifs have been found in dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This suggests that such motifs may be present in more viruses. Our finding also provides a molecular basis for the discovery and functional study of (G)-G-G-D and K-D-K-E motifs of other viruses.
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Zhu M, Wang Y, Qu C, Liu R, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhou D, Gu W, Chen P, Wu B, Zhao Z. Recombinant Chinese Hu191 measles virus exhibits a significant antitumor activity against nephroblastoma mediated by immunogenic form of apoptosis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2077-2093. [PMID: 34017376 PMCID: PMC8129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies oncolytic measles viruses (MVs) have shown significant antitumor activity against various tumors. In our research recombinant MV-Hu191 (rMV-Hu191), established via reverse genetics technology and expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was evaluated for its therapeutic effects and related mechanisms against nephroblastoma cell lines. We built three different constructs based on rMV-Hu191 to express EGFP effectively. Our experiments showed that rMV-Hu191 expressing EGFP could efficiently infect and replicate in nephroblastoma cell lines. Caspase-induced apoptosis exerted a significant impact on MV-induced cell death, which was accompanied by emission of cellular ATP and high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and by translocation of calreticulin (CRT). Intratumoral injection of rMV-Hu191-EGFP resulted in significant regression of tumors in a G401 xenograft model. Our results indicate that the MV-Hu191 strain, which is widely used in China, is an appropriate vector for expression of foreign genes and could serve as a potentially good candidate for nephroblastoma therapy mediated by induction of apoptosis-associated immunogenic cell death (ICD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chufan Qu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxian Liu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chudi Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peichun Chen
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangming DistrictShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangming DistrictShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Zhang CD, Wang YL, Zhou DM, Zhu MY, Lv Y, Hao XQ, Qu CF, Chen Y, Gu WZ, Wu BQ, Chen PC, Zhao ZY. A recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 inhibits human colorectal cancer growth through inducing autophagy and apoptosis regulating by PI3K/AKT pathway. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101091. [PMID: 33848808 PMCID: PMC8063909 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 induced efficient infection and oncolytic effects in human CRC both in vitro and in vivo. rMV-Hu191 induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis and complete autophagy in CRC cells. Autophagy served as a protective role in human CRC cells’ apoptosis induced by rMV-Hu191. rMV-Hu191-induced autophagy and apoptosis were regulated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in human CRC.
The potential therapeutic effects of oncolytic measles virotherapy have been verified against plenty of malignancies. However, the oncolytic effects and underlying mechanisms of the recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain Hu191 (rMV-Hu191) against human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. In this study, the antitumor effects of rMV-Hu191 were evaluated in CRC both in vitro and in vivo. From our data, rMV-Hu191 induced remarkably caspase-dependent apoptosis and complete autophagy in vitro. In mice bearing CRC xenografts, tumor volume was remarkably suppressed and median survival was prolonged significantly with intratumoral treatment of rMV-Hu191. To gain further insight into the relationship of rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis and autophagy, we utilized Rapa and shATG7 to regulate autophagy. Our data suggested that autophagy was served as a protective role in rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis in CRC. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as one of the common upstream pathways of apoptosis and autophagy was activated in CRC after treatment with rMV-Hu191. And inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway using LY294002 was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis and decreased autophagy which suggested that PI3K/AKT pathway promoted rMV-Hu191-induced autophagy and inhibited rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate that rMV-Hu191 could be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent in CRC treatment. As part of the underlying cellular mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy were involved in the oncolytic effects generated by rMV-Hu191. And the cross-talk between these two processes and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was well identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-di Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Meng-Ying Zhu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yao Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Chu-Fan Qu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
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8
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Jenkins T, Wang R, Harder O, Xue M, Chen P, Corry J, Walker C, Teng M, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Niewiesk S, Li J, Peeples ME. A Novel Live Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate with Mutations in the L Protein SAM Binding Site and the G Protein Cleavage Site Is Protective in Cotton Rats and a Rhesus Macaque. J Virol 2021; 95:e01568-20. [PMID: 33177201 PMCID: PMC7925107 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children of <5 years of age worldwide, infecting the majority of infants in their first year of life. Despite the widespread impact of this virus, no vaccine is currently available. For more than 50 years, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have been shown to protect against other childhood viral infections, offering the advantage of presenting all viral proteins to the immune system for stimulation of both B and T cell responses and memory. The RSV LAV candidate described here, rgRSV-L(G1857A)-G(L208A), contains two modifications: an attenuating mutation in the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site of the viral mRNA cap methyltransferase (MTase) within the large (L) polymerase protein and a mutation in the attachment (G) glycoprotein that inhibits its cleavage during production in Vero cells, resulting in virus with a "noncleaved G" (ncG). RSV virions containing the ncG have an increased ability to infect primary well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures which model the in vivo site of immunization, the ciliated airway epithelium. This RSV LAV candidate is produced efficiently in Vero cells, is highly attenuated in HBE cultures, efficiently induces neutralizing antibodies that are long lasting, and provides protection against an RSV challenge in the cotton rat, without causing enhanced disease. Similar results were obtained in a rhesus macaque.IMPORTANCE Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of death in children under 1 year of age, yet no vaccine is available. We have generated a novel RSV live attenuated vaccine candidate containing mutations in the L and G proteins. The L polymerase mutation does not inhibit virus yield in Vero cells, the cell type required for vaccine production, but greatly reduces virus spread in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures, a logical in vitro predictor of in vivo attenuation. The G attachment protein mutation reduces its cleavage in Vero cells, thereby increasing vaccine virus yield, making vaccine production more economical. In cotton rats, this RSV vaccine candidate is highly attenuated at a dose of 105 PFU and completely protective following immunization with 500 PFU, 200-fold less than the dose usually used in such studies. It also induced long-lasting antibodies in cotton rats and protected a rhesus macaque from RSV challenge. This mutant virus is an excellent RSV live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rongzhang Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Olivia Harder
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Miaoge Xue
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phylip Chen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline Corry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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9
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Synergism of rMV-Hu191 with cisplatin to treat gastric cancer by acid sphingomyelinase-mediated apoptosis requiring integrity of lipid raft microdomains. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1293-1306. [PMID: 34251544 PMCID: PMC8502160 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DDP-based chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatment in GC. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DDP is limited due to side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop novel adjuvants to synergize with DDP. We had demonstrated previously that rMV-Hu191 had antitumor activity in GC. Here we examined the synergism of rMV-Hu191 with DDP in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cellular proliferation, the synergistic effect and cell apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, ZIP analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein levels and location of ASMase were monitored by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. shRNA and imipramine were used to regulate the expression and activity of ASMase. MβCD was administrated to disrupt lipid rafts. Mice bearing GC xenografts were used to confirm the synergism in vivo. RESULTS From our data, combinational therapy demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity both in resistant GC cell lines from a Chinese patient and drug-nonresistant GC cell lines, and increased cell apoptosis, instead of viral replication. Integrity of lipid rafts and ASMase were required for rMV-Hu191- and combination-induced apoptosis. The ASMase was delivered to the lipid raft microdomains at the initial stage of rMV-Hu191 treatment. In vivo GC mice xenografts confirmed the synergism of combinational treatment, together with increased apoptosis and trivial side-effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that rMV-Hu191 combined with DDP could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy in GC treatment and the ASMase and the integrity of lipid rafts are required for the synergistic effects.
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Development of Improved Mumps Vaccine Candidates by Mutating Viral mRNA Cap Methyltransferase Sites in the Large Polymerase Protein. Virol Sin 2020; 36:521-536. [PMID: 33284397 PMCID: PMC7719854 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a live attenuated vaccine is available for controlling mumps virus (MuV), mumps still outbreaks frequently worldwide. The attenuated MuV vaccine strain S79 is widely used in mumps vaccination in China, but still with many shortcomings, among which the most prominent are the side effects and decreased immunity. Therefore, there is a need to further improve the safety and efficacy of the current MuV vaccine. In the present study, we further attenuated MuV S79 vaccine strain by inhibiting viral mRNA methyltransferase (MTase). We generated a panel of eight recombinant MuVs (rMuVs) carrying mutations in the MTase catalytic site or S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the large (L) polymerase protein. These rMuVs are genetically stable and seven rMuVs are more attenuated in replication in cell culture and five rMuVs are more attenuated in replication in lungs of cotton rats compared with the parental vaccine strain S79. Importantly, cotton rats vaccinated with these seven rMuV mutants produced high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies and were completely protected against challenge with a wild-type MuV strain (genotype F). Therefore, our results demonstrate that alteration in the MTase catalytic site or SAM binding site in MuV L protein improves the safety or the immunogenicity of the MuV vaccine and thus mRNA cap MTase may be an effective target for the development of new vaccine candidates for MuV.
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11
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Deficient in RNA Cap Guanine-N-7 Methylation Is Attenuated and Induces Higher Type I and III Interferon Responses. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00447-20. [PMID: 32461321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00447-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5' cap methylation of viral RNA plays important roles in RNA stability, efficient translation, and immune evasion. Thus, RNA cap methylation is an attractive target for antiviral discovery and development of new live attenuated vaccines. For coronaviruses, RNA cap structure is first methylated at the guanine-N-7 (G-N-7) position by nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14), which facilitates and precedes the subsequent ribose 2'-O methylation by the nsp16-nsp10 complex. Using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an Alphacoronavirus, as a model, we showed that G-N-7 methyltransferase (G-N-7 MTase) of PEDV nsp14 methylated RNA substrates in a sequence-unspecific manner. PEDV nsp14 can efficiently methylate RNA substrates with various lengths in both neutral and alkaline pH environments and can methylate cap analogs (GpppA and GpppG) and single-nucleotide GTP but not ATP, CTP, or UTP. Mutations to the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) binding motif in the nsp14 abolished the G-N-7 MTase activity and were lethal to PEDV. However, recombinant rPEDV-D350A with a single mutation (D350A) in nsp14, which retained 29.0% of G-N-7 MTase activity, was viable. Recombinant rPEDV-D350A formed a significantly smaller plaque and had significant defects in viral protein synthesis and viral replication in Vero CCL-81 cells and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-DQ). Notably, rPEDV-D350A induced significantly higher expression of both type I and III interferons in IPEC-DQ cells than the parental rPEDV. Collectively, our results demonstrate that G-N-7 MTase activity of PEDV modulates viral replication, gene expression, and innate immune responses.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses (CoVs) include a wide range of important human and animal pathogens. Examples of human CoVs include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the most recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. Examples of pig CoVs include porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV). There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs for most of these viruses. All known CoVs encode a bifunctional nsp14 protein which possesses ExoN and guanine-N-7 methyltransferase (G-N-7 MTase) activities, responsible for replication fidelity and RNA cap G-N-7 methylation, respectively. Here, we biochemically characterized G-N-7 MTase of PEDV nsp14 and found that G-N-7 MTase-deficient PEDV was defective in replication and induced greater responses of type I and III interferons. These findings highlight that CoV G-N-7 MTase may be a novel target for rational design of live attenuated vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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12
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Yang YL, Liang QZ, Xu SY, Mazing E, Xu GH, Peng L, Qin P, Wang B, Huang YW. Characterization of a novel bat-HKU2-like swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) infection in cultured cells and development of a SeACoV infectious clone. Virology 2019; 536:110-118. [PMID: 31419711 PMCID: PMC7112019 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV), also known as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), belongs to the species Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2. Herein, we report on the primary characterization of SeACoV in vitro. Four antibodies against the SeACoV spike, membrane, nucleocapsid and nonstructural protein 3 capable of reacting with viral antigens in SeACoV-infected Vero cells were generated. We established a DNA-launched SeACoV infectious clone based on the cell adapted passage-10 virus and rescued the recombinant virus with a unique genetic marker in cultured cells. Six subgenomic mRNAs containing the leader-body junction sites, including a bicistronic mRNA encoding the accessory NS7a and NS7b genes, were experimentally identified in SeACoV-infected cells. Cellular ultrastructural changes induced by SeACoV infection were visualized by electron microscopy. The availability of the SeACoV infectious clone and a panel of antibodies against different viral proteins will facilitate further studies on understanding the molecular mechanisms of SeACoV replication and pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Alphacoronavirus/genetics
- Alphacoronavirus/metabolism
- Alphacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cell Membrane/virology
- Chiroptera
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Clone Cells
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/veterinary
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron
- Nucleocapsid/chemistry
- Nucleocapsid/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/chemistry
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/immunology
- Rabbits
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/diagnosis
- Swine Diseases/virology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Le Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Zhang Liang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Ya Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Evgeniia Mazing
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Han Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Qin
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Lv Y, Zhou D, Hao XQ, Zhu MY, Zhang CD, Zhou DM, Wang JH, Liu RX, Wang YL, Gu WZ, Shen HQ, Chen X, Zhao ZY. A recombinant measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 has oncolytic effect against human gastric cancer by inducing apoptotic cell death requiring integrity of lipid raft microdomains. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:108-118. [PMID: 31226409 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Live-attenuated strain of measles virus (MV) has oncolytic effect. In this study, the antitumor effect of rMV-Hu191, a recombinant Chinese Hu191 MV generated in our laboratory by efficient reverse genetics system, was evaluated in gastric cancer (GC). From our data, rMV-Hu191 induced cytopathic effects and inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. In mice bearing GC xenografts, tumor size was reduced and survival was prolonged significantly after intratumoral injections of rMV-Hu191. Furthermore, lipid rafts, a type of membrane microdomain with specific lipid compositions, played an important role in facilitating entry of rMV-Hu191. Integrity of lipid rafts was required for successful viral infection as well as subsequent cell apoptosis, but was not required for viral binding and replication. CD46, a MV membrane receptor, was found to be partially localized in lipid rafts microdomains. This is the first study to demonstrate that Chinese Hu191 MV vaccine strain could be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent in GC treatment. As part of the underlying cellular mechanism, the integrity of lipid rafts is required for viral entry and to exercise the oncolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lv
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Duo Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Meng-Ying Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chu-di Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin-Hu Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rong-Xian Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong-Qiang Shen
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Establishment of an efficient reverse genetic system of Mumps virus S79 from cloned DNA. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:499-505. [PMID: 31456156 PMCID: PMC6785654 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is a common type of respiratory infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV), and can be effectively prevented by vaccination. In this study, a reverse genetic system of MuV that can facilitate the rational design of safer, more efficient mumps vaccine candidates is established. METHODS MuV-S79 cDNA clone was assembled into a full-length plasmid by means of the GeneArt™ High-Order Genetic Assembly System, and was rescued via reverse genetic technology. RT-PCR, sequencing, and immunofluorescence assays were used for rMuV-S79 authentication. Viral replication kinetics and in vivo experimental models were used to evaluate the replication, safety, and immunogenicity of rMuV-S79. RESULTS A full-length cDNA clone of MuV-S79 in the assembly process was generated by a novel plasmid assemble strategy, and a robust reverse genetic system of MuV-S79 was successfully established. The established rMuV-S79 strain could reach a high virus titer in vitro. The average viral titer of rMuV-S79 in the lung tissues was 2.68 ± 0.14 log10PFU/g lung tissue, and rMuV-S79 group did not induce inflammation in the lung tissues in cotton rats. Neutralizing antibody titers induced by rMuV-S79 were high, long-lasting and could provide complete protection against MuV wild strain challenge. CONCLUSION We have established a robust reverse genetic system of MuV-S79 which can facilitate the optimization of mumps vaccines. rMuV-S79 rescued could reach a high virus titer and the safety was proven in vivo. It could also provide complete protection against MuV wild strain challenge.
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