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Takano KA, Wong AAL, Brown R, Situ K, Chua BA, Abu AE, Pham TT, Reyes GC, Ramachandran S, Kamata M, Li MMH, Wu TT, Rao DS, Arumugaswami V, Dorshkind K, Cole S, Morizono K. Envelope protein-specific B cell receptors direct lentiviral vector tropism in vivo. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1311-1327. [PMID: 38449314 PMCID: PMC11081870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
While studying transgene expression after systemic administration of lentiviral vectors, we found that splenic B cells are robustly transduced, regardless of the types of pseudotyped envelope proteins. However, the administration of two different pseudotypes resulted in transduction of two distinct B cell populations, suggesting that each pseudotype uses unique and specific receptors for its attachment and entry into splenic B cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the transduced cells demonstrated that different pseudotypes transduce distinct B cell subpopulations characterized by specific B cell receptor (BCR) genotypes. Functional analysis of the BCRs of the transduced cells demonstrated that BCRs specific to the pseudotyping envelope proteins mediate viral entry, enabling the vectors to selectively transduce the B cell populations that are capable of producing antibodies specific to their envelope proteins. Lentiviral vector entry via the BCR activated the transduced B cells and induced proliferation and differentiation into mature effectors, such as memory B and plasma cells. BCR-mediated viral entry into clonally specific B cell subpopulations raises new concepts for understanding the biodistribution of transgene expression after systemic administration of lentiviral vectors and offers new opportunities for BCR-targeted gene delivery by pseudotyped lentiviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari-Ann Takano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anita A L Wong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathy Situ
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bernadette Anne Chua
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angel Elma Abu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Truc T Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Glania Carel Reyes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sangeetha Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Melody M H Li
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Adapter-Mediated Transduction with Lentiviral Vectors: A Novel Tool for Cell-Type-Specific Gene Transfer. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102157. [PMID: 36298713 PMCID: PMC9607492 DOI: 10.3390/v14102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective gene delivery to a cell type of interest utilizing targeted lentiviral vectors (LVs) is an efficient and safe strategy for cell and gene therapy applications, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. LVs pseudotyped with measles virus envelope proteins (MV-LVs) have been retargeted by ablating binding to natural receptors while fusing to a single-chain antibody specific for the antigen of choice. However, the broad application of MV-LVs is hampered by the laborious LV engineering required for every new target. Here, we report the first versatile targeting system for MV-LVs that solely requires mixing with biotinylated adapter molecules to enable selective gene transfer. The analysis of the selectivity in mixed cell populations revealed transduction efficiencies below the detection limit in the absence of an adapter and up to 5000-fold on-to-off-target ratios. Flexibility was confirmed by transducing cell lines and primary cells applying seven different adapter specificities in total. Furthermore, adapter mixtures were applied to generate CAR-T cells with varying CD4/CD8-ratios in a single transduction step. In summary, a selective and flexible targeting system was established that may serve to improve the safety and efficacy of cellular therapies. Compatibility with a wide range of readily available biotinylated molecules provides an ideal technology for a variety of applications.
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Michels A, Ho N, Buchholz CJ. Precision Medicine: In Vivo CAR Therapy as a Showcase for Receptor-Targeted Vector Platforms. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2401-2415. [PMID: 35598048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a cancer immunotherapy of extremes: Unprecedentedly effective, but complex and costly to manufacture, they are not yet a therapeutic option for all who would benefit. This disparity has motivated worldwide efforts to simplify treatment. Among the proposed solutions, the generation of CAR T cells directly in the patient, i.e. in vivo, is arguably simultaneously the most technically challenging and clinically useful approach to convert CAR therapy from a cell-based autologous medicinal product into a universally applicable off-the-shelf treatment. Here we review the current state-of-the-art of in vivo CAR therapy, focusing especially on the vector technologies used. These cover lentiviral vectors, adenovirus-associated vectors as well as synthetic polymer nanocarriers and lipid nanoparticles. Proof-of-concept, i.e. the generation of CAR cells directly in mouse models, has been demonstrated for all vector platforms. Receptor-targeting of vector particles is crucial, as it can prevent CAR gene delivery into off-target cells, thus reducing toxicities. We discuss the properties of the vector platforms, such as their immunogenicity, potency, and modes of CAR delivery (permanent versus transient). Finally, we outline the work required to advance in vivo CAR therapy from proof-of-concept to a robust, scalable technology for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michels
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Naphang Ho
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany;; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Huckaby JT, Landoni E, Jacobs TM, Savoldo B, Dotti G, Lai SK. Bispecific binder redirected lentiviral vector enables in vivo engineering of CAR-T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002737. [PMID: 34518288 PMCID: PMC8438880 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown considerable promise as a personalized cellular immunotherapy against B cell malignancies. However, the complex and lengthy manufacturing processes involved in generating CAR T cell products ex vivo result in substantial production time delays and high costs. Furthermore, ex vivo expansion of T cells promotes cell differentiation that reduces their in vivo replicative capacity and longevity. Methods Here, to overcome these limitations, CAR-T cells are engineered directly in vivo by administering a lentivirus expressing a mutant Sindbis envelope, coupled with a bispecific antibody binder that redirects the virus to CD3+ human T cells. Results This redirected lentiviral system offers exceptional specificity and efficiency; a single dose of the virus delivered to immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells generates CD19-specific CAR-T cells that markedly control the growth of an aggressive pre-established xenograft B cell tumor. Conclusions These findings underscore in vivo engineering of CAR-T cells as a promising approach for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Huckaby
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elisa Landoni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy M Jacobs
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA .,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Song DH, Garcia G, Situ K, Chua BA, Hong MLO, Do EA, Ramirez CM, Harui A, Arumugaswami V, Morizono K. Development of a blocker of the universal phosphatidylserine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-dependent viral entry pathways. Virology 2021; 560:17-33. [PMID: 34020328 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Envelope phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtr) have been shown to mediate binding of enveloped viruses. However, commonly used PtdSer binding molecules such as Annexin V cannot block PtdSer-mediated viral infection. Lack of reagents that can conceal envelope PtdSer and PtdEtr and subsequently inhibit infection hinders elucidation of the roles of the envelope phospholipids in viral infection. Here, we developed sTIM1dMLDR801, a reagent capable of blocking PtdSer- and PtdEtr-dependent infection of enveloped viruses. Using sTIM1dMLDR801, we found that envelope PtdSer and/or PtdEtr can support ZIKV infection of not only human but also mosquito cells. In a mouse model for ZIKV infection, sTIM1dMLDR801 reduced ZIKV load in serum and the spleen, indicating envelope PtdSer and/or PtdEtr support in viral infection in vivo. sTIM1dMLDR801 will enable elucidation of the roles of envelope PtdSer and PtdEtr in infection of various virus species, thereby facilitating identification of their receptors and transmission mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hoon Song
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kathy Situ
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bernadette A Chua
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Madeline Lauren O Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elyza A Do
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christina M Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Airi Harui
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Jiang ZQ, Wu HY, Tian J, Li N, Hu XX. Targeting lentiviral vectors to primordial germ cells (PGCs): An efficient strategy for generating transgenic chickens. Zool Res 2020; 41:281-291. [PMID: 32274905 PMCID: PMC7231476 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in avian transgenic studies highlight the possibility of utilizing lentiviral vectors as tools to generate transgenic chickens. However, low rates of gonadal chimerism and germ line transmission efficiency still limit the broad usage of this method in creating transgenic chickens. In this study, we implemented a simple strategy using modified lentiviral vectors targeted to chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) to generate transgenic chickens. The lentiviral vectors were pseudotyped with a modified Sindbis virus envelope protein (termed M168) and conjugated with an antibody specific to PGC membrane proteins. We demonstrated that these optimized M168-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors conjugated with SSEA4 antibodies successfully targeted transduction of PGCs in vitro and in vivo. Compared with the control, 50.0%-66.7% of chicken embryos expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in gonads transduced by the M168-pseudotyped lentivirus. This improved the targeted transduction efficiency by 30.0%-46.7%. Efficient chimerism of exogenous genes was also observed. This targeting technology could improve the efficiency of germ line transmission and provide greater opportunities for transgenic poultry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qin Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Han-Yu Wu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Hu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. E-mail:
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Efficient and Highly Specific Gene Transfer Using Mutated Lentiviral Vectors Redirected with Bispecific Antibodies. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02990-19. [PMID: 31964730 PMCID: PMC6989108 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02990-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of gene therapy is specific delivery and expression of therapeutic genes to target cells and tissues. Common lentivirus (LV) vectors are efficient gene delivery vehicles but offer little specificity. Here, we report an effective and versatile strategy to redirect LV to target cells using bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that bind both cell receptors and LV envelope domains. Importantly, we ablated the native receptor binding of LV to minimize off-target transduction. Coupling bsAb specificity and ablated native LV tropism synergistically enhanced the selectivity of our targeted gene delivery system. The modular nature of our bsAb-based redirection enables facile targeting of the same LV to diverse tissues/cells. By abrogating the native broad tropism of LV, our bsAb-LV redirection strategy may enable lentivirus-based gene delivery in vivo, expanding the current use of LV beyond ex vivo applications. Despite their exceptional potencies, the broad tropism of most commonly used lentivirus (LV) vectors limits their use for targeted gene delivery in vivo. We hypothesized that we could improve the specificity of LV targeting by coupling (i) reduction of their binding to off-target cells with (ii) redirection of the vectors with a bispecific antibody (bsAb) that binds both LV and receptors on target cells. As a proof of concept, we pseudotyped nonreplicating LV using a mutated Sindbis envelope (mSindbis) with ablated binding to native receptors, while retaining the capacity to facilitate efficient fusion and endosomal escape. We then evaluated the transduction potencies of the mSindbis LV for HER2-positive (HER2+) (SKBR3) breast and HER2-negative (HER2−) (A2780) cells when redirected with different bsAbs. mSindbis LV alone failed to induce appreciable green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in either cell. When mixed with HER2-targeting bsAb, mSindbis LV was exceptionally potent, transducing 12% to 16% of the SKBR3 cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI [ratio of viral genome copies to target cells]) of 3. Transduction was highly specific, resulting in ∼50-fold-greater selectivity toward SKBR3 cells versus A2780 cells. Redirecting mSindbis LV led to a 10-fold improvement in cell-specific targeting compared to redirecting wild-type Sindbis LV with the same bsAb, underscoring the importance of ablating native virus tropism in order to maximize targeting specificity. The redirection of mutated LV using bsAb represents a potent and highly versatile platform for targeted gene therapy.
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