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Wang P, Yang G, Shi N, Zhao C, Hu F, Coutts RHA, Kotta-Loizou I, Huang B. A novel partitivirus orchestrates conidiation, stress response, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium majus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011397. [PMID: 37216409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are widely present in all major groups of fungi but those in entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. remain understudied. In this investigation, a novel double-stranded (ds) RNA virus is isolated from Metarhizium majus and named Metarhizium majus partitivirus 1 (MmPV1). The complete genome sequence of MmPV1 comprises two monocistronic dsRNA segments (dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2), which encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. MmPV1 is classified as a new member of the genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae based on phylogenetic analysis. As compared to an MmPV1-free strain, two isogenic MmPV1-infected single-spore isolates were compromised in terms of conidiation, and tolerance to heat shock and UV-B irradiation, while these phenotypes were accompanied by transcriptional suppression of multiple genes involved in conidiation, heat shock response and DNA damage repair. MmPV1 attenuated fungal virulence since infection resulted in reduced conidiation, hydrophobicity, adhesion, and cuticular penetration. Additionally, secondary metabolites were significantly altered by MmPV1 infection, including reduced production of triterpenoids, and metarhizins A and B, and increased production of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. However, expression of individual MmPV1 proteins in M. majus had no impact on the host phenotype, suggesting insubstantive links between defective phenotypes and a single viral protein. These findings indicate that MmPV1 infection decreases M. majus fitness to its environment and its insect-pathogenic lifestyle and environment through the orchestration of the host conidiation, stress tolerance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Najie Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Zheng Y, Yin S, Zhao Y, Li S, Lu Z, Li Z, Deng Q, Li Z, Zhang S, Fang S. Molecular and biological characteristics of a novel chrysovirus infecting the fungus phytopathogenic Setosphaeria turcica f.sp. sorghi. Virus Res 2023; 325:199037. [PMID: 36596382 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus has been identified in the filamentous fungus Setosphaeria turcica f.sp. sorghi, whose genome consists of four segments (dsRNA1-4). Each dsRNA carries single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) containing strictly conserved termini. The putative protein encoded by dsRNA1 showed 80.50% identity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the most closely related virus, Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1 (AaCV1), belonging to the Chrysoviridae. dsRNA2 encodes the putative coat protein, while dsRNA3 and dsRNA4 respectively encode the hypothetical proteins of unknown functions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp protein indicated the virus clustered with members of the genus Betachrysovirus in the family Chrysoviridae. Based on the dsRNA profile, amino acid sequence comparisons, and phylogenetic analyses, the mycovirus is thought to be a new member of the family Chrysoviridae and designated as Setosphaeria turcica chrysovirus 1 (StCV1). Moreover, obvious differences were observed in the colony, mycelial and spore morphology between StCV1-infected and virus-cured strains of S. turcica f.sp. sorghi. StCV1 infection strongly reduced colony growth rate, spore production ability and virulence on host fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report about mycovirus infecting S. turcica f.sp. sorghi and also the first chrysovirus infecting S. turcica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zheng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yinxiao Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Siyu Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zikuo Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; MARA Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Shouguo Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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3
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Interspecific spread of dsRNA mycoviruses in entomogenous fungi Beauveria spp. Virus Res 2022; 322:198933. [PMID: 36165923 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses can spread interspecifically and intraspecifically in plant pathogenic fungi, as well as spreading intraspecifically in entomogenous fungi, especially Beauveria bassiana. However, whether mycoviruses are common in Beauveria spp. and can spread interspecifically between Beauveria species are unclear. Herein, four Beauveria species, but not B. bassiana, were randomly selected for double stranded RNA (dsRNA) detection. Furthermore, two previously reported dsRNA mycoviruses from B. bassiana, BbCV-2 and BbPmV-4, were used to study the interspecific transmission among B. bassiana, B. amorpha, and B. aranearum, using hyphal anastomosis and a novel insect coinfection transmission method. The results showed that dsRNA mycoviruses exist universally in Beauveria spp. and could spread interspecifically between different Beauveria species. The transmission efficiency from B. bassiana to the other two Beauveria species was significantly higher than that of the reverse transmission. Both viruses could stably and vertically spread in B. amorpha and B. aranearum, which affected their growth rate and colony morphology.
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Metatranscriptomic Analysis Reveals Rich Mycoviral Diversity in Three Major Fungal Pathogens of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169192. [PMID: 36012458 PMCID: PMC9409214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, three major fungal diseases of rice, i.e., rice blast, rice false smut, and rice-sheath blight, have caused serious worldwide rice-yield reductions and are threatening global food security. Mycoviruses are ubiquitous in almost all major groups of filamentous fungi, oomycetes, and yeasts. To reveal the mycoviral diversity in three major fungal pathogens of rice, we performed a metatranscriptomic analysis of 343 strains, representing the three major fungal pathogens of rice, Pyricularia oryzae, Ustilaginoidea virens, and Rhizoctonia solani, sampled in southern China. The analysis identified 682 contigs representing the partial or complete genomes of 68 mycoviruses, with 42 described for the first time. These mycoviruses showed affinity with eight distinct lineages: Botourmiaviridae, Partitiviridae, Totiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Hypoviridae, Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, and Polymycoviridae. More than half (36/68, 52.9%) of the viral sequences were predicted to be members of the families Narnaviridae and Botourmiaviridae. The members of the family Polymycoviridae were also identified for the first time in the three major fungal pathogens of rice. These findings are of great significance for understanding the diversity, origin, and evolution of, as well as the relationship between, genome structures and functions of mycoviruses in three major fungal pathogens of rice.
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Shuai S, Zheng H, Ding H, Wang Y, Li J, Liu F, Liu F, An H, Fang S, Zhang S, Deng Q. Molecular characterization of a novel botourmiavirus with inverted complementary termini from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae isolate HF04. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1899-1903. [PMID: 35716263 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA mycovirus, designated as "Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 10" (MoBV10), was identified in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae isolate HF04. MoBV10 has a single genomic RNA segment consisting of 2,448 nucleotides, which contains a single open reading frame encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that MoBV10 is a new member of the genus Betascleroulivirus in the family Botourmiaviridae. The 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of the genomic RNA of MoBV10 have inverted complementarity and potentially form a panhandle structure, which is very rare in RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simnin Shuai
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Fuyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliu An
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434005, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Jingzhou, China.
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Wu CF, Aoki N, Takeshita N, Fukuhara T, Chiura HX, Arie T, Kotta-Loizou I, Okada R, Komatsu K, Moriyama H. Unique Terminal Regions and Specific Deletions of the Segmented Double-Stranded RNA Genome of Alternaria Alternata Virus 1, in the Proposed Family Alternaviridae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773062. [PMID: 34745080 PMCID: PMC8570381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata virus 1 (AaV1) has been identified in the saprophytic fungus Alternaria alternata strain EGS 35-193. AaV1 has four genomic double-stranded (ds)RNA segments (dsRNA1-4) packaged in isometric particles. The 3' end of each coding strand is polyadenylated (36-50nt), but the presence of a cap structure at each 5' end has not previously been investigated. Here, we have characterized the AaV1 genome and found that it has unique features among the mycoviruses. We confirmed the existence of cap structures on the 5' ends of the AaV1 genomic dsRNAs using RNA dot blots with anti-cap antibodies and the oligo-capping method. Polyclonal antibodies against purified AaV1 particles specifically bound to an 82kDa protein, suggesting that this protein is the major capsid component. Subsequent Edman degradation indicated that the AaV1 dsRNA3 segment encodes the major coat protein. Two kinds of defective AaV1 dsRNA2, which is 2,794bp (844 aa) in length when intact, appeared in EGS 35-193 during subculturing, as confirmed by RT-PCR and northern hybridization. Sequence analysis revealed that one of the two defective dsRNA2s contained a 231bp deletion, while the other carried both the 231bp deletion and an additional 465bp deletion in the open reading frame. Both deletions occurred in-frame, resulting in predicted proteins of 767 aa and 612 aa. The fungal isolates carrying virions with the defective dsRNA2s showed impaired growth and abnormal pigmentation. To our best knowledge, AaV1 is the first dsRNA virus to be identified with both 5' cap and 3'poly(A) structures on its genomic segments, as well as the specific deletions of dsRNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Nanako Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeshita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi X Chiura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryo Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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7
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Complete nucleotide sequence of a novel botourmiavirus from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae isolate SH05. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1783-1787. [PMID: 33779811 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel mycovirus with the proposed name "Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 9" (MoBV9) was found in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae isolate SH05. The virus has a positive single-stranded RNA genome of 2,812 nucleotides and contains a single open reading frame predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is closely related to those of some unclassified viruses of the family Botourmiaviridae, including Plasmopara viticola lesion associated ourmia-like virus 44, Plasmopara viticola lesion associated ourmia-like virus 47, and Cladosporium uredinicola ourmiavirus 1. Genome sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis supported the notion that MoBV9 is a new member of the family Botourmiaviridae.
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8
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Chiba Y, Oiki S, Yaguchi T, Urayama SI, Hagiwara D. Discovery of divided RdRp sequences and a hitherto unknown genomic complexity in fungal viruses. Virus Evol 2020; 7:veaa101. [PMID: 33505709 PMCID: PMC7816673 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
By identifying variations in viral RNA genomes, cutting-edge metagenome
technology has potential to reshape current concepts about the evolution of RNA
viruses. This technology, however, cannot process low-homology genomic regions
properly, leaving the true diversity of RNA viruses unappreciated. To overcome
this technological limitation, we applied an advanced method, Fragmented and
Primer-Ligated Double-stranded (ds) RNA Sequencing (FLDS), to screen RNA viruses
from 155 fungal isolates, which allowed us to obtain complete viral genomes in a
homology-independent manner. We created a high-quality catalog of 19 RNA viruses
(12 viral species) that infect Aspergillus isolates. Among
them, nine viruses were not detectable by the conventional methodology involving
agarose gel electrophoresis of dsRNA, a hallmark of RNA virus infections.
Segmented genome structures were determined in 42 per cent of the viruses. Some
RNA viruses had novel genome architectures; one contained a dual
methyltransferase domain and another had a separated RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase (RdRp) gene. A virus from a different fungal taxon
(Pyricularia) had an RdRp sequence that was separated on
different segments, suggesting that a divided RdRp is widely present among
fungal viruses, despite the belief that all RNA viruses encode RdRp as a single
gene. These findings illustrate the previously hidden diversity and evolution of
RNA viruses, and prompt reconsideration of the structural plasticity of
RdRp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Chiba
- Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Sayoko Oiki
- Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Esmael A, Duan J, Bian X, Jia J, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Lin Y. Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Viruses 2020; 12:E1383. [PMID: 33287110 PMCID: PMC7761653 DOI: 10.3390/v12121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Via virome sequencing, six viruses were detected from Magnaporthe oryzae strains YC81-2, including one virus in the family Tombusviridae, one virus in the family Narnaviridae and four viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of one botourmiavirus show the highest identity (79%) with Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1), the virus that was grouped into the genus Magoulivirus was designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 2 (MOBV2). The three other novel botourmiaviruses were selected for further study. The complete nucleotide sequences of the three botourmiaviruses were determined. Sequence analysis showed that virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were 2598, 2385, and 2326 nts in length, respectively. The variable 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) and 5'-UTR of each virus could be folded into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. Each virus consisted of a unique ORF encoding a putative RdRp. The putative proteins with a conserved GDD motif of RdRp showed the highest sequence similarity to RdRps of viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these viruses were three distinct novel botourmiaviruses, clustered into the Botourmiaviridae family but not belonging to any known genera of this family. Thus, virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 5, 6, and 7 (MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7), respectively. Our results suggest that four distinct botourmiaviruses, MOBV2, MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7, co-infect a single strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, and MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7 are members of three unclassified genera in the family Botourmiaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (A.E.); (J.J.); (J.X.); (D.J.)
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Ahmed Esmael
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (A.E.); (J.J.); (J.X.); (D.J.)
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Jie Duan
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xuefeng Bian
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jichun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (A.E.); (J.J.); (J.X.); (D.J.)
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (A.E.); (J.J.); (J.X.); (D.J.)
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (A.E.); (J.J.); (J.X.); (D.J.)
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.D.); (X.B.); (J.C.); (Y.F.)
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10
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Shahi S, Chiba S, Kondo H, Suzuki N. Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 with unique molecular features and a very narrow host range. Virology 2020; 554:55-65. [PMID: 33383414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 (CnCV1), was described earlier from an ascomycetous fungus, Cryphonectria nitschkei strain OB5/11, collected in Japan; its partial sequence was reported a decade ago. Complete sequencing of the four genomic dsRNA segments revealed molecular features similar to but distinct from previously reported members of the family Chrysoviridae. Unique features include the presence of a mini-cistron preceding the major large open reading frame in each genomic segment. Common features include the presence of CAA repeats in the 5'-untranslated regions and conserved terminal sequences. CnCV1-OB5/11 could be laterally transferred to C. nitschkei and its relatives C. radicalis and C. naterciae via coculturing, virion transfection and protoplast fusion, but not to fungal species other than the three species mentioned above, even within the genus Cryphonectria, suggesting a very narrow host range. Phenotypic comparison of a few sets of CnCV1-infected and -free isogenic strains showed symptomless infection in new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitree Shahi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
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11
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Owashi Y, Aihara M, Moriyama H, Arie T, Teraoka T, Komatsu K. Population Structure of Double-Stranded RNA Mycoviruses That Infect the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in Japan. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593784. [PMID: 33193269 PMCID: PMC7664462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various viruses infect Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), which is a well-studied fungus that causes rice blast disease. Most research has focused on the discovery of new viruses and the hypovirulence-associated traits conferred by them. Therefore, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in wild fungal populations have not been explored. We conducted a comprehensive screening of M. oryzae mycoviruses from various regions in Japan using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) electrophoresis and RT-PCR assays. We detected three mycoviruses, Magnaporthe oryzae virus 2 (MoV2), Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 (MoCV1), and Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 1 (MoPV1), among 127 of the 194 M. oryzae strains screened. The most prevalent virus was MoPV1 (58.8%), which often co-infected in a single fungal strain together with MoV2 or MoCV1. MoV2 and MoCV1 were found in 22.7 and 10.8% of strains, respectively, and they were usually distributed in different regions so that mixed-infection with these two mycoviruses was extremely rare. The predominance of MoPV1 in M. oryzae is supported by significant negative values from neutrality tests, which indicate that the population size of MoPV1 tends to increase. Population genetic analyses revealed high nucleotide diversity and the presence of phylogenetically diverse subpopulations among the MoV2 isolates. This was not the case for MoPV1. Furthermore, studies of a virus-cured M. oryzae strain revealed that MoV2 does not cause any abnormalities or symptoms in its host. However, a leaf sheath inoculation assay showed that its presence slightly increased the speed of mycelial growth, compared with virus-free mycelia. These results demonstrate that M. oryzae in Japan harbors diverse dsRNA mycovirus communities with wide variations in their population structures among different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Owashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan.,Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aihara
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
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12
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Urayama SI, Takaki Y, Hagiwara D, Nunoura T. dsRNA-seq Reveals Novel RNA Virus and Virus-Like Putative Complete Genome Sequences from Hymeniacidon sp. Sponge. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 32115438 PMCID: PMC7308569 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates are a source of previously unknown RNA viruses that fill gaps in the viral phylogenetic tree. Although limited information is currently available on RNA viral diversity in the marine sponge, a primordial multicellular animal that belongs to the phylum Porifera, the marine sponge is one of the well-studied holobiont systems. In the present study, we elucidated the putative complete genome sequences of five novel RNA viruses from Hymeniacidon sponge using a combination of double-stranded RNA sequencing, called fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing, and a conventional transcriptome method targeting single-stranded RNA. We identified highly diverged RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences, including a potential novel RNA viral lineage, in the sponge and three viruses presumed to infect sponge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).,Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (donated by IFO), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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13
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Mata CP, Rodríguez JM, Suzuki N, Castón JR. Structure and assembly of double-stranded RNA mycoviruses. Adv Virus Res 2020; 108:213-247. [PMID: 33837717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are a diverse group that includes ssRNA, dsRNA, and ssDNA viruses, with or without a protein capsid, as well as with a complex envelope. Most mycoviruses are transmitted by cytoplasmic interchange and are thought to lack an extracellular phase in their infection cycle. Structural analysis has focused on dsRNA mycoviruses, which usually package their genome in a 120-subunit T=1 icosahedral capsid, with a capsid protein (CP) dimer as the asymmetric unit. The atomic structure is available for four dsRNA mycovirus from different families: Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A (ScV-L-A), Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV), Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F), and Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1). Their capsids show structural variations of the same framework, with asymmetric or symmetric CP dimers respectively for ScV-L-A and PsV-F, dimers of similar domains of a single CP for PcV, or of two different proteins for RnQV1. The CP dimer is the building block, and assembly proceeds through dimers of dimers or pentamers of dimers, in which the genome is packed as ssRNA by interaction with CP and/or viral polymerase. These capsids remain structurally undisturbed throughout the viral cycle. The T=1 capsid participates in RNA synthesis, organizing the viral polymerase (1-2 copies) and a single loosely packaged genome segment. It also acts as a molecular sieve, to allow the passage of viral transcripts and nucleotides, but to prevent triggering of host defense mechanisms. Due to the close mycovirus-host relationship, CP evolved to allocate peptide insertions with enzyme activity, as reflected in a rough outer capsid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Mata
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Javier M Rodríguez
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - José R Castón
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ninomiya A, Urayama SI, Suo R, Itoi S, Fuji SI, Moriyama H, Hagiwara D. Mycovirus-Induced Tenuazonic Acid Production in a Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1641. [PMID: 32765467 PMCID: PMC7379127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a rich source of natural products with biological activities. In this study, we evaluated viral effects on secondary metabolism of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae using an isolate of APU10-199A co-infected with three types of mycoviruses: a totivirus, a chrysovirus, and a partitivirus. Comparison of the secondary metabolite profile of APU10-199A with that of the strain lacking the totivirus and chrysovirus showed that a mycotoxin tenuazonic (TeA) acid was produced in a manner dependent on the mycoviruses. Virus reinfection experiments verified that TeA production was dependent on the totivirus. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated the regulatory mechanism underlying viral induction of TeA: the totivirus activates the TeA synthetase gene TAS1 by upregulating the transcription of the gene encoding a Zn(II)2-Cys6-type transcription factor, TAS2. To our knowledge, this is the first report that confirmed mycovirus-associated regulation of secondary metabolism at a transcriptional level by viral reinfection. Because only treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide has been reported to trigger TeA production in this fungus without gene manipulation, our finding highlights the potential of mycoviruses as an epigenomic regulator of fungal secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ninomiya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Syun-ichi Urayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rei Suo
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Itoi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Fuji
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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15
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Lin Y, Zhou J, Zhou X, Shuai S, Zhou R, An H, Fang S, Zhang S, Deng Q. A novel narnavirus from the plant-pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1235-1240. [PMID: 32157391 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel mycovirus with the proposed name "Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus virus 1" (MoNV1), was described in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The virus has a single-stranded (+ss) RNA genome of 2452 nucleotides, contains a single open reading frame (ORF) predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), and is closely related to some viruses of the genus Narnavirus, family Narnaviridae, including Aspergillus fumigatus narnavirus 1 (AfNV1), Neofusicoccum parvum narnavirus 2 (NpNV2) and Alternaria tenuissima narnavirus 1 (AtNV2). Genome sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggested that MoNV1 is a new member of the genus Narnavirus. The RDRPs of MoNV1 and some closely related narnaviruses do not contain a typical metal-binding "GDD" motif and catalytic site. Further studies are needed to investigate the replication mechanism of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.,College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Shuai
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Rendi Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliu An
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Qingchao Deng
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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16
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Petrzik K, Koloniuk I, Sehadová H, Sarkisova T. Chrysoviruses Inhabited Symbiotic Fungi of Lichens. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121120. [PMID: 31817044 PMCID: PMC6949994 DOI: 10.3390/v11121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A lichen body is formed most often from green alga cells trapped in a net of ascomycetous fungi and accompanied by endolichenic or parasitic fungi, other algae, and symbiotic or free-living bacteria. The lichen’s microcosmos is inhabited by mites, insects, and other animals for which the lichen is a source of food or a place to live. Novel, four-segmented dsRNA viruses were detected in saxicolous Chrysothrixchlorina and Lepraria incana lichens. Comparison of encoded genome proteins revealed classification of the viruses to the genus Alphachrysovirus and a relationship to chrysoviruses from filamentous ascomycetous fungi. We propose the names Chrysothrix chrysovirus 1 (CcCV1) and Lepraria chrysovirus 1 (LiCV1) as acronyms for these viruses. Surprisingly, observation of Chrysothrix chlorina hybridization with fluorescent-labelled virus probe by confocal microscope revealed that the CcCV1 virus is not present in the lichen body-forming fungus but in accompanying endolichenic Penicilliumcitreosulfuratum fungus. These are the first descriptions of mycoviruses from a lichen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Petrzik
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-387-775-549
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Hana Sehadová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Sarkisova
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (T.S.)
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