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Paredes-Galarza B, Oliveira MT, Timm FB, Stone NV, Violet-Lozano L, Salvato RS, Müller ND, Prandi BA, Gasparetto R, Gonçalves M, Teixeira MAS, Moura MAO, Riet-Correa G, Cerqueira VD, Bezerra PS, Campos FS, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5. Viruses 2024; 16:1024. [PMID: 39066187 PMCID: PMC11281340 DOI: 10.3390/v16071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are significant pathogens of ruminants. In water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), however, herpesviruses have not been thoroughly studied. Although bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuAHV1) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) have already been recovered from water buffaloes, to date, no reports on the occurrence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5) in these animals have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search for BuAHV1, BoAHV1, and BoAHV5 in palatine tonsils of apparently healthy water buffaloes from the Pará state, Northern Brazil. Tissue samples of tonsils (n = 293) were screened by a nested PCR (nPCR) targeting a region of UL44 (gC coding gene), followed by sequencing, to detect and differentiate between the viral types. Viral genome segments were detected in 18 out of 293 (6.1%) of the palatine tonsil samples. Two animals carried genomes of BoAHV1 only, eleven animals carried BoAHV5 genomes only, and four animals carried BuAHV1 only. Another animal had both BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 genomes in its tonsils. No infectious virus could be recovered from any of the samples. The BuAHV1 sequences identified here were more closely related to BuAHV1 genomes identified in India. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a closer relationship between the recovered BoAHV5 and BuAHV1 genomes. Therefore, evidence is provided here to confirm that not only BoAHV1 and BuAHV1, but also BoAHV5, can infect water buffaloes. This report highlights (i) the first detection of BoAHV5 in water buffaloes and (ii) the occurrence of coinfections with BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 in that species. Such findings and the similarity of BoAHV5 to Indian herpesvirus genomes suggest that the origin of type 5 may be linked to recombinations between bovine and bubaline herpesviruses within bubalines, since the scenario for generation of recombinants in buffaloes is potentially present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paredes-Galarza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Martha T. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Francine B. Timm
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Nicole V. Stone
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Lina Violet-Lozano
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Richard S. Salvato
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS) da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SESRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | - Nícolas D. Müller
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Bruno A. Prandi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Raíssa Gasparetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Michelen Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul CEP 92990-000, RS, Brazil
| | - María A. S. Teixeira
- Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará (ADEPARÁ), Belém CEP 66080-008, PA, Brazil
| | - Márcio A. O. Moura
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Riet-Correa
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Valíria D. Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro S. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
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2
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Abukhadra BA, Abd El Rahman S, Soltan MA, Elhafi GE, Mosad SM. Preliminary molecular study for DIVA trial of antigenically characterized circulating bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.1 in Egypt. Virology 2024; 593:110012. [PMID: 38367473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Using marker vaccines to control bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a novel strategy for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, multiplex real-time PCR targeting gD and gE genes was applied for BoHV-1 screening on 60 clinical samples from cattle with a history of vaccination, in some cases by US2-deleted marker vaccines, that were suffering from severe respiratory symptoms. Conventional PCR targeting the gC and US2 flanking region was done for molecular characterization and identification of the US2-deleted vaccine strain. Six samples were positive for BoHV-1 by both RT-PCR and conventional PCR. Surprisingly, a conventional PCR DIVA trial based on the US2 gene revealed that only one sample that exhibited the US2 gene was a wild virus, while others that did not exhibit the US2 gene were vaccine viruses. Phylogenetic characterization classifies the samples as BoHV-1.1. This finding reveals the circulation of vaccine virus in field-diseased animals, which threatens the eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abukhadra
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd El Rahman
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Soltan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Giuma E Elhafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya
| | - Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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Esteves PA, Dellagostin OA, da Silva TC, Spilki FR, da Silva AD'Á, Oliveira EAS, Franco AC, Hübner S, Chiminazzo C, Canal CW, Campos FS, Roehe PM. An indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to the gC of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) displaying no crossreactivity with antibodies induced by bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5). J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114785. [PMID: 37516368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Seroprevalence of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV1) infections may be contaminated by crossreactive antibodies to bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoAHV5). To avoid such crossreactivity, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prepared with a recombinant glycoprotein C (gC) antigen (ELISA-gC1) was developed, aiming the detection of antibodies to BoAHV1, with no crossreactivity with BoAHV5 antibodies. The antigen for the ELISA-gC1 was the product of the expression of 219 bp from the N-terminal portion of the BoAHV1 gC gene, which bears low homology between the two virus types. The test was validated on 131 bovine serum samples, including 26 sera from BoAHV1-experimentally immunized, 38 sera from BoAHV5-experimentally infected or immunized calves, and 67 sera from calves seronegative for both BoAHV1 and BoAHV5, as determined by serum neutralization (SN). When compared to SN for BoAHV1, the ELISA-gC1 presented 100% sensitivity, 95.5 % specificity, 100 % negative predictive value, 89.6 % positive predictive value, 98.8 % precision, and a kappa correlation coefficient (κ) 0.95. None of the 38 BoAHV5-seropositive calves was detected by the ELISA-gC1. The ELISA-gC1 proved highly effective for the identification of BoAHV1-positive sera, with no crossreactivity with anti-BoAHV5 antibodies, thus able to distinguish serological responses from BoAHV1- and BoAHV5-seropositive cattle. Its capacity to detect BoAHV1-specific antibodies should allow the determination of the actual BoAHV1 prevalence in herds, which cannot be serologically determined in countries where BoAHV5 is also prevalent due to antibody crossreactivity. Apart from recognizing exclusively BoAHV1-infected cattle, the ELISA-gC1 may also be used in support of BoAHV5 epidemiological studies by allowing the exclusion of BoAHV1-seropositive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odir Antonio Dellagostin
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas RS, Brazil
| | - Tamir Calcagnotto da Silva
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, CEP 92500-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Universidade FEEVALE, Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Rodovia ERS-239 no. 2755, Vila Nova, CEP 93525 075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eber Acácio Stodutto Oliveira
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1384 - Menino Deus, Porto Alegre CEP 90150-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Hübner
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96 160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Chiminazzo
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, CEP 92500-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 8824, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Serum and milk levels of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 and -4, and circulation of different bovine herpesvirus-4 genotypes in dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. J Vet Res 2023; 67:33-40. [PMID: 37008768 PMCID: PMC10062045 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV)-1 and -4 are important causes of respiratory diseases and reproductive disorders of dairy cattle worldwide.
Material and Methods
Investigation of BVDV and BoHV-1 and -4 antibody levels in the serum and milk of dairy cattle in a group with clinical mastitis and a healthy group was undertaken using an indirect ELISA, and identification of the BoHV-4 genotypes in clinical mastitis cases was attempted by PCR and sequencing.
Results
Antibodies specific to BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 were detected in the serum and milk of all dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. The cut-off values for BVDV and BoHV-1 in the sera and milk were extremely high in both healthy and mastitic animals. However, BoHV-4 antibodies were detected only in the clinically mastitic cattle, and BoHV-4 levels were higher in milk than in sera among these animals. Genotypes I and II of BoHV-4 were detected in the milk samples of four seropositive cows with clinical mastitis from the same herd.
Conclusion
The results of this investigation demonstrate that clinical mastitis cases in the same herd may have aetiology in different BoHV-4 genotypes.
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Abd El Rahman S, Abukhadra BA, Soltan MA, Elhafi GE, Mosad SM. US2 Gene Flanking Region as Valuable Diagnostic Tool for DIVA Trial of Antigenically Characterized Circulating Bovine Herpesvirus Subtype 1.1 in Egypt.. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4502738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Koç BT. Molecular evidence for concurrent infection of goats by orf virus and bovine herpesvirus 1. Acta Vet Hung 2022. [PMID: 35895479 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orf is a disease of small ruminant animals, including goats and sheep, that is caused by a parapoxvirus. Although the mortality rate is low, economic losses may occur due to the clinical signs. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection is known to cause respiratory and reproductive disorders mainly in cattle; however, it has been found to circulate among goats and sheep as well. In contrast to orf virus (ORFV), BoHV-1 does not induce clinical disease in goats. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of ORFV by molecular methods and to uncover eventual simultaneous herpesvirus infections masked by orf disease signs. To this end, 82 goats, housed near to a cattle herd, were tested. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three goats (3.7%) were found to harbour both viruses, while an additional goat was positive for ORFV only. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. This study revealed that ORFV and BoHV-1 may be present simultaneously in an animal causing a concurrent infection. These data should be taken into consideration when looking for secondary pathogens in diseased goats, and the prevention methods should be developed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Taylan Koç
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09016 Isikli Efeler, Aydin, Turkey
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da Silva MS, Mosena ACS, Baumbach L, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D, Weber MN, Spilki FR, Canal CW. Cattle influenza D virus in Brazil is divergent from established lineages. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1181-1184. [PMID: 35301569 PMCID: PMC8929453 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is endemic in cattle on several continents and can also infect a wide range of hosts. IDV was first detected in a bovine respiratory disease outbreak associated with bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 in Brazil. Sequence analysis of partial segments showed that the virus is phylogenetically divergent from previously described IDVs from other continents. As the first molecular description of IDV in South America, this can be a first step toward investigating IDV infections in cattle in Brazil and surrounding countries in which the beef industry is economically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.
| | | | - Letícia Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Gularte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Toker EB, Yeşilbağ K. Molecular characterization and comparison of diagnostic methods for bovine respiratory viruses (BPIV-3, BRSV, BVDV, and BoHV-1) in field samples in northwestern Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:79. [PMID: 33409702 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility among virus isolation (VI), ELISA, and PCR for diagnosis of the major viral agents (BPIV-3, BRSV, BVDV, and BoHV-1) responsible for BRD in the field samples. For that purpose, a total of 193 samples (133 nasal swabs and 60 lung tissue samples) from cattle with respiratory signs in northwestern Turkey were examined. For VI, all the samples were inoculated at least 3 blind passages onto MDBK cell culture. In addition, the samples were tested by hemadsorption assay and RT-PCR for BPIV-3; nested RT-PCR for BRSV; immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, antigen-ELISA, and RT-PCR for BVDV; and antigen-ELISA and PCR for BoHV-1. The detected 1 (0.52%) BPIV-3 isolate was found to be in the genotype BPIV-3c. No BRSV isolate could be obtained, while 5 (2.59%) samples were evaluated positive in nested-RT PCR. The presence of BVDV antigen in 10 (5.18%) samples and the BVDV genome in 5 (2.59%) samples were detected, while non-cytopathogenic BVDV isolates were obtained only in 2 (1.04%) samples. The detected BVDV strains fell into the genetic clusters of BVDV-1a, -1f, and -1l. For detection of BoHV-1, although viral isolation and Ag-ELISA results were negative, presence of BoHV-1.1 genome was detected in 2 (1.04%) samples. By the results of VI, ELISA, and PCRs, 10.88% (21/193) of samples were found positive for the evaluated viruses. Depending on the obtained data, combined uses of the diagnostic methods were evaluated to be more reliable for routine diagnosis of bovine respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Baldan Toker
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ren Y, Hou X, Liu Y, Wei S, Dai G, Meng Y, Hu L, Liu Z, Jia W, Zhu Z, Wu R. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle of China, 2016-2019. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104416. [PMID: 32535159 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the most critical pathogens in cattle and is prevalent in China. BoHV-1 is divided into two gene types, BoHV-1.1 and 1.2, which are further differentiated into two subtypes, BoHV-1.2a and 1.2b. However, the phylogenetic analysis of BoHV-1 isolates has not been reported in China. To perform a molecular epidemiological survey based on isolates from cattle in China, 102 lung tissue samples of calves under ten months of age with respiratory disease (BRD) that died from 2016 to 2019 in China were used to isolate BoHV-1 with Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Part of the BoHV-1 isolates were applied to the phylogenetic analysis based on the region of the glycoprotein C (gC) gene of BoHV-1. Thirty BoHV-1 isolates were obtained, and the gC gene of 13 isolates was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and sequenced. The result of the phylogenetic analysis according to the 451-nucleotide portion of the gC gene found that all of 13 isolates belonged to the BoHV-1.2b gene subtype, but these isolates had located two different phylogenetic tree branches. The gC gene sequence homology of isolates in group1 was higher with a reference strain of BoHV-1.2b EVI14 up to 98.0-100%, while in group 2, this was higher with reference strain BoHV-1.2b B589 up to 97.8-99.8%. The deduced amino acid sequence of gC from isolates in group 2 had two amino acid mutations with interference strain BoHV-1.2b K22 or BoHV-1.1 COOPER. The cytopathic effects (CPEs) of BoHV-1 isolates in group 2 were ulcered on the centration like a volcano on MDBK cell, and different from traditional CPEs of BoHV-1. Overall, BoHV-1.2b seems to be the primary strain of BoHV-1 in cattle in China and is also a critical cause of BRD. These BoHV-1.2b isolates had significant genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Sumin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guanli Dai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ye Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Heilongjiang Blue Fusion Biological Information Co. Ltd., Harbin 150000, China
| | - Weiqiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) strains from cattle with diverse clinical cases in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:555-564. [PMID: 31482481 PMCID: PMC7223183 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the molecular and antigenic characterization of 13 bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) field viruses obtained from cattle with different clinical cases in Turkey between 1992 and 2017. We selected glycoprotein C (gC) of BoHV-1 as a target to detect and/or verify presence of the virus in suspect materials followed by virus isolation (VI) in MDBK cells. In seven out of 13 BoHV-1 positive samples, cytophatic effects (CPEs) were observed in MDBK cell cultures, although only four virus samples reached a sufficient titer to use in phylogenetic assay, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), and virus neutralization test (VNT). According to the results of sequence analysis of the 13 BoHV-1 positive samples, nine BoHV-1 field viruses were determined as BoHV-1.1 and four as BoHV-1.2. Using REA, we demonstrated that two of our isolated viruses could be categorized as BoHV-1.1 while the other two isolates were BoHV-1.2 subtypes. Differences between the BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2 isolates were also detected in the VNT results by assaying 125 suspected serum samples after testing with isolated (KY748023, KY748022, KY748020, and KY748021) and reference viruses (BoHV-1 Cooper and BoHV-5 Texas 89). These results are indicating the need to correctly identify BoHV-1 field isolates to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. In addition, it would be useful to identify the subtypes circulating in the specific geographical area while determining vaccination preferences.
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11
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Scheffer CM, Varela APM, Cibulski SP, Schmidt C, Campos FS, Paim WP, dos Santos RN, Teixeira TF, Loiko MR, Tochetto C, dos Santos HF, de Lima DA, Cerva C, Mayer FQ, Petzhold SA, Franco AC, George TS, Spilki FR, Roehe PM. Genome sequence of bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) isolated in Australia in 1972. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1169-1176. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Patil SS, Prajapati A, Hemadri D, Suresh KP, Desai GS, Reddy GBM, Chandranaik BM, Ranganatha S, Rahman H. Phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein B gene sequences of bovine herpesvirus 1 isolates from India reveals the predominance of subtype 1.1. Vet World 2016; 9:1364-1369. [PMID: 28096606 PMCID: PMC5234048 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1364-1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted for the isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) isolated from the nasal and vaginal swabs collected from naturally infected cattle showing clinical symptoms of the respiratory disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of BoHV-1 virus performed on clinical samples collected from 65 cattle from five states of India. The BoHV-1 isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for glycoprotein B (gB) genomic region. PCR amplification was performed using previously published gB gene-specific primer pairs. gB PCR amplicons obtained from all isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using software. RESULTS A total of 12 samples were found positive in cell culture isolation. 11 isolates showed the visible cytopathic effect on Madin-Darby bovine kidney after 72 h. Partial sequence analysis of gB gene of all isolates revealed 99.0-100% homology between them. All isolates showed 99.2-99.8% homology with Cooper stain. CONCLUSION BoHV-1.1 is the predominant circulating subtype of BoHV in India, and all isolates have homology with Cooper stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - A. Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - D. Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - K. P. Suresh
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - G. S. Desai
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - G. B. Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - B. M. Chandranaik
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Ranganatha
- Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Rahman
- Division of Animal Sciences, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi - 110 001, India
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13
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Puentes R, Campos FS, Furtado A, Torres FD, Franco AC, Maisonnave J, Roehe PM. Comparison between DNA Detection in Trigeminal Nerve Ganglia and Serology to Detect Cattle Infected with Bovine Herpesviruses Types 1 and 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155941. [PMID: 27224314 PMCID: PMC4880179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are alphaherpesviruses of major importance to the bovine production chain. Such viruses are capable of establishing latent infections in neuronal tissues. Infected animals tend to develop a serological response to infection; however, such response—usually investigated by antibody assays in serum—may eventually not be detected in laboratory assays. Nevertheless, serological tests such as virus neutralization (VN) and various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely employed to check individual or herd status of BoHV infections. The correlation between detection of antibodies and the presence of viral nucleic acids as indicatives of infection in infected cattle has not been deeply examined. In order to investigate such correlation, 248 bovine serum samples were tested by VN to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, as well as in a widely employed (though not type-differential) gB ELISA (IDEXX IBR gB X2 Ab Test) in search for antibodies to BoHVs. Immediately after blood withdrawal, cattle were slaughtered and trigeminal ganglia (TG) excised for DNA extraction and viral nucleic acid detection (NAD) by nested PCR. Neutralizing antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 were detected in 44.8% (111/248) of sera, whereas the gB ELISA detected antibodies in 51.2% (127/248) of the samples. However, genomes of either BoHV-1, BoHV-5, or both, were detected in TGs of 85.9% (213/248) of the animals. These findings reveal that the assays designed to detect antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 employed here may fail to detect a significant number of latently infected animals (in this study, 35.7%). From such data, it is clear that antibody assays are poorly correlated with detection of viral genomes in BoHV-1 and BoHV-5-infected animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/diagnosis
- Cattle Diseases/genetics
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Cell Line
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis
- Meningoencephalitis/genetics
- Meningoencephalitis/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/veterinary
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Trigeminal Ganglion/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Puentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - Agustin Furtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabrício Dias Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Maisonnave
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Dummer LA, Araujo IL, Campos FS, da Rosa MC, Finger PF, de Oliveira PD, Conceição FR, Fischer G, Roehe PM, Leite FPL. Development of an Indirect ELISA for Serological Diagnosis of Bovine herpesvirus 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149134. [PMID: 26866923 PMCID: PMC4750905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) are economically important pathogens, associated with a variety of clinical syndromes, including respiratory and genital disease, reproductive failure and meningoencephalitis. The standard serological assay to diagnose BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections is the virus neutralization test (VNT), a time consuming procedure that requires manipulation of infectious virus. In the present study a highly sensitive and specific single dilution indirect ELISA was developed using recombinant glycoprotein D from BoHV-5 as antigen (rgD5ELISA). Bovine serum samples (n = 450) were screened by VNT against BoHV-5a and by rgD5ELISA. Compared with the VNT, the rgD5ELISA demonstrated accuracy of 99.8%, with 100% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity and coefficient of agreement between the tests of 0.954. The rgD5ELISA described here shows excellent agreement with the VNT and is shown to be a simple, convenient, specific and highly sensitive virus-free assay for detection of serum antibodies to BoHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana A. Dummer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Itauá L. Araujo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus C. da Rosa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Finger
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia D. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R. Conceição
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio P. L. Leite
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Traesel CK, Sá e Silva M, Weiss M, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Genetic diversity of 3' region of glycoprotein D gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. Virus Genes 2014; 48:438-47. [PMID: 24482291 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses of cattle. While BoHV-1 is mainly associated with respiratory/genital disease and rarely associated with neurological disease, BoHV-5 is the primary agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle. The envelope glycoprotein D of alphaherpesviruses (BoHV-1/gD1 and BoHV-5/gD5) is involved in the early steps of virus infection and may influence virus tropism and neuropathogenesis. This study performed a sequence analysis of the 3' region of gD gene (gD3') of BoHV-1 isolates recovered from respiratory/genital disease (n = 6 and reference strain Cooper) or from neurological disease (n = 7); and from seven typical neurological BoHV-5 isolates. After PCR amplification, nucleotide (nt) sequencing, and aminoacid (aa) sequence prediction; gD3' sequences were compared, identity levels were calculated, and selective pressure was analyzed. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on nt and aa sequences allowed for a clear differentiation of BoHV-1 (n = 14) and BoHV-5 (n = 7) clusters. The seven BoHV-1 isolates from neurological disease are grouped within the BoHV-1 branch. A consistent alignment of 346 nt revealed a high similarity within each viral species (gD1 = 98.3 % nt and aa; gD5 = 97.8 % nt and 85.8 % aa) and an expected lower similarity between gD1 and gD5 (73.7 and 64.1 %, nt and aa, respectively). The analysis of molecular evolution revealed an average negative selection at gD3'. Thus, the phylogeny and similarity levels allowed for differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 species, but not further division in subspecies. Sequence analysis did not allow for the identification of genetic differences in gD3' potentially associated with the respective clinical/pathological phenotypes, yet revealed a lower level of gD3' conservation than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kist Traesel
- Laboratoire des Maladies Infectieuses Virales Vétérinaires (LMIVV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médicine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada,
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16
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Weber M, Galuppo A, Budaszewski R, Corbellini A, Mósena A, Pinto L, Marques L, Rodrigues J, Canal C. Evaluation of prenucleic acid extraction for increasing sensitivity of detection of virus in bovine follicular fluid pools. Theriogenology 2013; 79:980-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ravishankar C, Nandi S, Chander V, Mohapatra TK. Glycoprotein C gene based molecular subtyping of a bovine herpesvirus -1 isolate from uttar pradesh, India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 23:402-6. [PMID: 24293834 PMCID: PMC3550786 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1) is the etiological agent of many clinical syndromes in cattle which causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry sector annually. Since the first report of its presence in India in 1976, the disease is considered to be endemic in the country. In the present study, a case of keratoconjunctivitis in a cow was investigated to find out the underlying cause of the condition. The clinical material (ocular swab) was tested by BHV-1 glycoprotein D gene specific PCR using in house designed primers and found to be positive by the presence of a 212 bp DNA product in agarose gel electrophoresis. The virus was isolated in MDBK cell line in the third passage and the serum from the animal, was positive for antibodies against BHV-1 by ELISA. A 575 bp segment of the glycoprotein C gene of the isolate was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. On phylogenetic analysis, it was seen that the sequence matched with published BHV-1.1 sequences from USA and Uruguay whereas it was divergent from Brazilian BHV-1.1 isolates. This study highlights the isolation, rapid and sensitive detection of BHV-1 virus from clinical cases and its subtyping by nucleotide sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis which gives invaluable information about the molecular epidemiology of BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintu Ravishankar
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - S. Nandi
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - V. Chander
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - T. K. Mohapatra
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
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18
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Traesel CK, Sá e Silva M, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 3' region of glycoprotein C gene of South American bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:178-85. [PMID: 22929314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe a molecular analysis based on the 3' region of the glycoprotein C gene of 45 bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) isolates from Brazil (n=41), Uruguay (n=2) and Argentina (n=2). Nucleotide (nt) sequencing and alignment of 333 nt revealed levels of similarity ranging from 99.1% to 100% among BoHV-1 sequences (n=12); 96.2-100% among BoHV-5 sequences (n=32); and 77.7-90.3% between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 sequences. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction provided a clear distinction between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, and BoHV-1 into subtypes BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2. The isolate SV 453/93 (BoHV-1 associated with genital disease) could not be included within BoHV-1 subtypes since it presented a markedly distinct nt and amino acid (aa) deduced sequences. A transmembrane domain of 24 aa and the putative cytoplasmic tail of 8 aa were identified and mapped. These results indicate that this genome region represents a suitable target for phylogenetic subgrouping of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 isolates and, perhaps, for understanding evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kist Traesel
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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19
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Spilki FR, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Analysis of isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine herpesviruses 1.1 and 1.2a allows to estimate the stage of infection. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:586-93. [PMID: 24031868 PMCID: PMC3768835 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, as well as neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated in sera of calves experimentally infected with two isolates of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV1) of distinct subtypes (subtype 1, BoHV1.1; subtype 2a, BoHV-1.2a). No significant differences were observed in the antibody responses induced by each BoHV-1 subtype. The antibody responses following primary acute infection were characterized by an increase in specific IgM and IgA levels between days 2 and 14 post inoculation (pi). IgG1 was detected from days 11 to 30 pi. IgG2 was detected on the sample taken on day 30 pi. Reactivation of infection following dexamethasone administration induced a significant rise in IgA levels, whereas IgG1 and IgG2 levels, which were at high levels from the beginning of the reactivation process, showed a slight alteration after corticosteroid treatment. These results suggest that it is possible to estimate the dynamics of BoHV-1 infections with basis on the analysis of class- and subclass-specific antibody responses. Such information may be particularly useful for the study of the kinetics of the infection in a herd and to aid in the adoption of appropriate control measures..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale , Novo Hamburgo, RS , Brasil
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20
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Fonseca AA, Camargos MF, Sales ML, Heinemann MB, Leite RC, Reis JKP. Pseudorabies virus can be classified into five genotypes using partial sequences of UL44. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1632-40. [PMID: 24031995 PMCID: PMC3769038 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120004000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR), a disease of great importance due to the huge losses it causes in the swine industry. The aim of this study was to determine a method for genotyping SuHV-1 based on partial sequences of the gene coding for glycoprotein C (gC) and to elucidate the possible reasons for the variability of this region. A total of 109 gCsequences collected from GenBank were divided into five major groups after reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree by Bayesian inference. The analysis showed that a portion of gC (approximately 671 bp) is under selective pressure at various points that coincide with regions of protein disorder. It was also possible to divide SuHV-1 into five genotypes that evolved under different selective pressures. These genotypes are not specific to countries or continents, perhaps due to multiple introduction events related to the importation of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Pedro Leopoldo, MG , Brasil
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21
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Serena M, Metz G, Mórtola E, Echeverría M. Phylogenetic analysis of Suid Herpesvirus 1 isolates from Argentina. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Fonseca Jr. A, Costa E, Oliveira T, Sales E, Sales M, Leite R, Heneimann MB, Reis J. PCR Multiplex para detecção dos principais herpesvírus neurológicos de ruminantes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Desenvolveu-se uma PCR multiplex (mPCR) para diagnóstico diferencial de encefalite bovina causada por herpesvírus suíno 1 (SuHV-1), herpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1), herpesvírus bovino 5 (BoHV-5) e herpesvírus ovino 2 (OvHV-2). Os iniciadores foram projetados após alinhamento de sequências disponíveis no banco de genomas (GenBank) e a reação foi padronizada levando-se em consideração a concentração dos reagentes e os tipos diferentes de DNA polimerase. Após determinação da especificidade e sensibilidade, 65 amostras de encéfalo de bovinos com síndrome neurológica foram submetidas à análise. A sensibilidade analítica para detecção de BoHV-1, BoHV-5 e SuHV-1 foi, respectivamente, 10(1,2) TCID50/50µL, 10(1,0) TCID50/50µL, 10(1,3) TCID50/50µL na reação multiplex. Das 65 amostras analisadas, 10 foram positivas para BoHV-5, uma para BoHV-1 e cinco para OvHV-2. A mPCR descrita neste trabalho mostrou-se uma técnica útil para o diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades relacionadas ao sistema nervoso central de bovinos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T.S. Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária
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Ladelfa MF, Del Médico Zajac MP, Kotsias F, Delgado F, Muylkens B, Thiry J, Thiry E, Romera SA. Comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus-5 reference strains. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53:37. [PMID: 21651813 PMCID: PMC3127761 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-53-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and it is antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1. BoHV-5 outbreaks are sporadic and restricted in their geographical distribution, being mostly detected in the Southern hemisphere. The N569 and A663 strains are prototypes of the "a" and "b" subtypes of BoHV-5, however, scarce information about their in vitro and in vivo properties is currently available. METHODS For the in vitro comparison between BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains, viral growth kinetics, lysis and infection plaque size assays were performed. Additionally, an experimental infection of cattle with BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains was carried out. Viral excretion, development of neurological signs, presence of specific antibodies in serum and nasal swabs and presence of latent BoHV-5 DNA in trigeminal ganglion, were analyzed. Histopathological examination of samples belonging to inoculated animals was also performed. RESULTS The lytic capacity and the cell-to-cell spread was lower for the A663 strain compared to the N569 strain, however, the production of total infectious viral particles was similar between both strains. Concerning the in vivo properties, the A663 and N569 strains are able to induce similar degrees of pathogenicity in cattle. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the A663 strain used in this study is less adapted to in vitro replication in MDBK cells than the N569 strain and, although slight differences were observed, both strains are able to induce a similar degree of virulence in the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Ladelfa
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Del Médico Zajac
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Kotsias
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Delgado
- Pathobiology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Thiry
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sonia A Romera
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Diallo IS, Corney BG, Rodwell BJ. Detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:46-52. [PMID: 21540057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the detection and differentiation of two closely related bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5). The multiplex real-time PCR combines a duplex real-time PCR that targets the DNA polymerase gene of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 and a real-time PCR targeting mitochondrial DNA, as a house-keeping gene, described previously by Cawthraw et al. (2009). The assay correctly identified 22 BoHV-1 and six BoHV-5 isolates from the Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory virus collection. BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were also correctly identified when incorporated in spiked semen and brain tissue samples. The detection limits of the duplex assay were 10 copies of BoHV-1 and 45 copies of BoHV-5. The multiplex real-time PCR had reaction efficiencies of 1.04 for BoHV-1 and 1.08 for BoHV-5. Standard curves relating Ct value to template copy number had correlation coefficients of 0.989 for BoHV-1 and 0.978 for BoHV-5. The assay specificity was demonstrated by testing bacterial and viral DNA from pathogens commonly isolated from bovine respiratory and reproductive tracts. The validated multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect and differentiate BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in bovine clinical samples with known histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S Diallo
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, PO Box 156, Brisbane, Archerfield, Qld 4108, Australia.
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Steukers L, Vandekerckhove AP, Van den Broeck W, Glorieux S, Nauwynck HJ. Comparative analysis of replication characteristics of BoHV-1 subtypes in bovine respiratory and genital mucosa explants: a phylogenetic enlightenment. Vet Res 2011; 42:33. [PMID: 21324115 PMCID: PMC3050707 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, members of the Alphaherpesvirinae use the epithelium of the upper respiratory and/or genital tract as a preferential site for primary replication. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) may replicate at both sites and cause two major clinical entities designated as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis (IPV/IPB) in cattle. It has been hypothesized that subtype 1.1 invades preferentially the upper respiratory mucosa whereas subtype 1.2 favors replication at the peripheral genital tract. However, some studies are in contrast with this hypothesis. A thorough study of primary replication at both mucosae could elucidate whether or not different BoHV-1 subtypes show differences in mucosa tropism. We established bovine respiratory and genital organ cultures with emphasis on maintenance of tissue morphology and viability during in vitro culture. In a next step, bovine respiratory and genital mucosa explants of the same animals were inoculated with several BoHV-1 subtypes. A quantitative analysis of viral invasion in the mucosa was performed at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post inoculation (pi) by measuring plaque latitude and penetration depth underneath the basement membrane. All BoHV-1 subtypes exhibited a more profound invasion capacity in respiratory tissue compared to that in genital tissue at 24 h pi. However, at 24 h pi plaque latitude was found to be larger in genital tissue compared to respiratory tissue and this for all subtypes. These similar findings among the different subtypes take the edge off the belief of the existence of specific mucosa tropisms of different BoHV-1 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Steukers
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Souza DG, Silva-Frade C, Martins A, Cardoso TC. Bull semen variables after experimental exposure with Bovine Herpesvirus type 5. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124:55-60. [PMID: 21353404 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) infection on semen variables and sperm morphology collected from healthy bulls with no reproductive disorder was evaluated in ten ejaculates distributed into two experimental groups: group I, bull semen exposed to 10(2.3) (tissue culture infectious dose) TCID(50)/50 μl of a Brazilian strain of BoHV-5 (US9/BR/2007; GU9457818) and group II, unexposed bull control semen. After experimental infection, the semen was frozen-thawed prior to computerized analysis (CASA) of sperm motility and movement. Also analyzed were sperm phosphatidylserine transposition, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial function, plasma membrane integrity and Annexin V expression. Viable BoHV-5 particles and their DNA were detected in infected semen after virus isolation and in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. The ISH revealed the BoHV-5 US9 gene in the acrosome and tail of infected spermatozoa. The only remarkable differences between groups I and II were the sperm kinetic variables, whereby infected sperm had a lesser mean velocity (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) values as compared to controls (P≤0.05). However, the straightness coefficient (STR) and beat cross frequency (BCF) values were higher in infected sperm. These results indicate that BoHV-5 can be found in infected sperm but induces no functional and morphological damage even after freeze-thawing, and, importantly, BoHV-5 can be spread via in vitro and in vivo reproductive biotechnology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gouveia Souza
- University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State, 16050-680, Brazil
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Maidana SS, Ladelfa MF, Pérez SE, Lomónaco PM, Del Médico Zajac MP, Odeón A, Blanco Viera J, Combessies G, Fondevila N, Palacios M, Thiry J, Muylkens B, Thiry E, Romera SA. Characterization of BoHV-5 field strains circulation and report of transient specific subtype of bovine herpesvirus 5 in Argentina. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:8. [PMID: 21299866 PMCID: PMC3041673 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae responsible for meningo-encephalitis in young cattle. The first case of bovine meningo-encephalitis associated with a herpesvirus infection was reported in Australia. The current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. Outbreaks of BoHV-5 are regularly observed in Argentina suggesting the circulation of the virus in the bovine population. Results Seventeen field strains of BoHV-5 isolated from 1984 to now were confirmed by differential PCR and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with BstEII which allows the differentiation among subtypes a, b and non a, non b. According to the REA with BstEII, only one field strain showed a pattern similar to the Argentinean A663 strain (prototype of BoHV-5b). All other isolates showed a clear pattern similar to the Australian N569 strain (prototype of BoHV-5a) consistent with the subtypes observed in Brazil, the other South-American country where BoHV-5 is known to be prevalent. The genomic region of subtype b responsible for the distinct pattern was determined and amplified by PCR; specifically a point mutation was identified in glycoprotein B gene, on the BstEII restriction site, which generates the profile specific of BoHV-5b. Conclusions This is the first report of circulation of BoHV-5a in Argentina as the prevailing subtype. Therefore the circulation of BoHV-5b was restricted to a few years in Argentina, speculating that this subtype was not able to be maintained in the bovine population. The mutation in the gB gene is associated with the difference in the restriction patterns between subtypes "a" and "b".
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina S Maidana
- Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N, Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from Brazilian bulls. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1139-45. [PMID: 21247624 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are important pathogens of the respiratory and genital tract of cattle and may also affect the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis. Both virus types are estimated to be widely distributed in Southern Brazil. In the present study, BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 DNA were detected in bovine semen samples from two states of Brazil by two species-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (nPCRs). These nPCRs were used to assay 53 samples of fresh semen and 23 samples of frozen semen from breeding bulls. Viral DNA was detected in all 76 semen samples: all were positive for BoHV-5, whereas 34 of these were positive for BoHV-1 as well. Moreover, in five fresh and in 13 frozen semen samples-of a total number of 40 samples suitable for virus isolation-infectious BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 virus were detected. In conclusion, that both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in bovine semen in Brazil highlighted the importance of examining bull semen in search for both agents to reduce the risk of transmitting these viruses.
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Batista H, Schmidt E, Spilki F, Franco A, Roehe P. Herpesvírus bovinos (BoHV-1.1 e BoHV-1.2b) em forma infecciosa em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Verificou-se a incidência de herpesvírus bovinos (BoHVs) em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, amostras coletadas durante dois anos (n=70) foram submetidas ao isolamento viral em cultivos celulares. Os BoHVs foram isolados em dois (2,9%) encéfalos. Após serem submetidas à caracterização antigênica e molecular, as amostras foram subtipadas como BoHV-1.1 e BoHV-1.2b. A BoHV-1.1 foi isolada de um encéfalo que foi também positivo para raiva. O vírus da raiva foi identificado em 11 amostras (15,7%). Estes achados revelam que a incidência de BoHVs em forma infecciosa em bovinos com encefalite foi baixa, embora represente 16,7% (2/12) dos encéfalos nos quais um agente viral foi identificado. Tal fato confirma a já reportada associação entre BoHV-1 e encefalites. Esse é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de BoHV-1.2b, um subtipo considerado menos patogênico, em um caso de doença neurológica em bovinos.
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Campos FS, Dezen D, Antunes DA, Santos HF, Arantes TS, Cenci A, Gomes F, Lima FES, Brito WMED, Filho HCK, Batista HBCR, Spilki FR, Franco AC, Rijsewijk FAM, Roehe PM. Efficacy of an inactivated, recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2010; 148:18-26. [PMID: 20828945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis. In countries where BoHV-5 is prevalent, attempts to vaccinate cattle to prevent clinical signs from BoHV-5-induced disease have relied essentially on vaccination with BoHV-1 vaccines. However, such practice has been shown not to confer full protection to BoHV-5 challenge. In the present study, an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine prepared with a recombinant BoHV-5 from which the genes coding for glycoprotein I (gI), glycoprotein E (gE) and membrane protein US9 were deleted (BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9(-)), was evaluated in cattle in a vaccination/challenge experiment. The vaccine was prepared from a virus suspension containing a pre-inactivation antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.69) TCID(50)/dose. Three mL of the inactivated vaccine were administered subcutaneously to eight calves serologically negative for BoHV-5 (vaccinated group). Four other calves were mock-vaccinated with an equivalent preparation without viral antigens (control group). Both groups were boostered 28 days later. Neither clinical signs of disease nor adverse effects were observed during or after vaccination. A specific serological response, revealed by the development of neutralizing antibodies, was detected in all vaccinated animals after the first dose of vaccine, whereas control animals remained seronegative. Calves were subsequently challenged on day 77 post-vaccination (pv) with 10(9.25) TCID(50) of the wild-type BoHV-5 (parental strain EVI 88/95). After challenge, vaccinated cattle displayed mild signs of respiratory disease, whereas the control group developed respiratory disease and severe encephalitis, which led to culling of 2/4 calves. Searches for viral DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) of vaccinated calves indicated that wild-type BoHV-5 did not replicate, whereas in CNS tissues of calves on the control group, viral DNA was widely distributed. BoHV-5 shedding in nasal secretions was significantly lower in vaccinated calves than in the control group on days 2, 3, 4 and 6 post-challenge (pc). In addition, the duration of virus shedding was significantly shorter in the vaccinated (7 days) than in controls (12 days). Attempts to reactivate latent infection by administration of dexamethasone at 147 days pv led to recrudescence of mild signs of respiratory disease in both vaccinated and control groups. Infectious virus shedding in nasal secretions was detected at reactivation and was significantly lower in vaccinated cattle than in controls on days 11-13 post-reactivation (pr). It is concluded that the inactivated vaccine prepared with the BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9(-) recombinant was capable of conferring protection to encephalitis when vaccinated cattle were challenged with a large infectious dose of the parental wild type BoHV-5. However, it did not avoid the establishment of latency nor impeded dexamethasone-induced reactivation of the virus, despite a significant reduction in virus shedding after challenge and at reactivation on vaccinated calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Campos
- Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
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Campos F, Franco A, Hübner S, Oliveira M, Silva A, Esteves P, Roehe P, Rijsewijk F. High prevalence of co-infections with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 found in cattle in southern Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Glazov EA, Horwood PF, Assavalapsakul W, Kongsuwan K, Mitchell RW, Mitter N, Mahony TJ. Characterization of microRNAs encoded by the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:32-41. [PMID: 19793906 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.014290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a ubiquitous and important pathogen of cattle worldwide. This study reports the identification of 10 microRNA (miRNA) genes, Bhv1-mir-B1-Bhv1-mir-B10, encoded by the BoHV-1 genome that were processed into 12 detectable mature miRNAs as determined by ultra-high throughput sequencing bioinformatics analyses of small RNA libraries and expression studies. We found that four of the miRNA genes were present as two copies in the BoHV-1 genome, resulting in a total of 14 miRNA encoding loci. Unique features of the BoHV-1 miRNAs include evidence of bidirectional transcription and a close association of two miRNA genes with the origin of replication, including one miRNA that is encoded within the origin of replication. The miRNA gene Bhv1-mir-B5 was encoded on the opposite DNA strand to the latency associated transcript, potentially giving rise to antisense transcripts originating from this locus. The association of herpesvirus miRNAs with latency appears to be a common feature in the alphaherpesviruses. Analyses of the BoHV-5 genome for putative miRNA gene orthologues identified a high degree of evolutionary conservation for nine of the BoHV-1 miRNA genes. The possible roles for BoHV-1 miRNAs in the regulation of known BoHV-1 transcription units and the genetics of the BoHV-1 genotypes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Glazov
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Molecular epidemiology of Brazilian pseudorabies viral isolates. Vet Microbiol 2009; 141:238-45. [PMID: 19828266 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies is a disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) and is responsible for considerable economic losses in the swine industry. The objective of this work was to use molecular epidemiology as a tool to facilitate the study of PRV outbreaks in Brazil. The standard PRV strain Shope, the vaccine strain Bartha and isolates from the south and the southeast regions of Brazil, were amplified for gE and gC partial genes by PCR. Results indicated that Brazilian PRV isolates are grouped in two clusters, A and B, except for one isolate that grouped with Bartha and Shope. Most Brazilian PRV isolates belonged to cluster B and diverged from virus isolated from other countries.
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Holz CL, Cibulski SP, Teixeira TF, Batista HB, Campos FS, Silva JR, Varela APM, Cenci A, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 e/ou 5 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009000900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra os herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 e 5 (BoHV-1 e BoHV-5) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, frente a diferentes cepas de BoHV-1 e BoHV-5. As amostras de soro utilizadas foram extraídas de uma amostragem mais ampla, desenhada para estimar a prevalência de brucelose bovina no Estado. Todos os soros foram coletados de vacas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses de idade, não vacinadas contra herpesvírus bovinos, de rebanhos de corte e leite. O cálculo amostral foi baseado em uma expectativa de prevalência média de infecção de 33%, considerando-se um erro padrão não superior a 1% e um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Com base nesse cálculo foram examinados 2.200 soros, provenientes de 390 propriedades e 158 municípios. Os soros foram analisados na busca de anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 pela técnica de soroneutralização (SN), executada frente a quatro cepas de vírus distintas: EVI123/98 e Los Angeles (BoHV-1.1); EVI88/95 (BoHV-5a) e A663 (BoHV-5b). A prevalência média de anticorpos contra o BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 nos animais amostrados foi de 29,2% (642/2200); animais soropositivos foram identificados em 57,7% (225/390) dos rebanhos. As estimativas de prevalência variaram de acordo com a cepa e/ou vírus utilizado para o desafio nos testes de SN. A prevalência e a sensibilidade mais altas foram obtidas quando os resultados positivos à SN frente aos quatro vírus distintos foram somados. O uso de somente um vírus de desafio na SN levaria a redução de sensibilidade de 20,4% a 34,6% quando comparada com os resultados positivos combinados. Estes achados evidenciam que anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 estão amplamente difundidos nos rebanhos do RS, embora a prevalência em distintas regiões geográficas seja bastante variada. Os resultados obtidos nas estimativas de prevalência foram fortemente afetados pelas diferentes amostras de vírus usadas nos testes de SN. Esse fato deve ser levado em consideração quando estudos sorológicos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 forem realizados. Como a SN não é capaz de discriminar as respostas de anticorpos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5, a prevalência tipo-específica permanece desconhecida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine L. Holz
- Fepagro Saúde Animal, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | | | - Thais F. Teixeira
- Fepagro Saúde Animal, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Helena B.C.R. Batista
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | | | | | | | - Ana C. Franco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Fepagro Saúde Animal, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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