1
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Yin Y, Li J, Su L, Ou Z, Lv Q, Xiao M, Wang C, Zeng D, Gu Y, Yang F, Chen M, Feng S, Hu W, Bu F, Zhu B, Xu Y. Screening and verification of antiviral compounds against HSV-1 using a method based on a plaque inhibition assay. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:890. [PMID: 38114935 PMCID: PMC10731695 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is a common viral disease that mainly causes oral lesions, but can also cause genital lesions in some instances. Current treatments with nucleoside analogs are limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, novel anti-HSV-1 drugs are urgently needed. METHODS In this study, we screened a library of 2080 compounds for anti-HSV-1 activity using a plaque formation assay. We selected 11 potential inhibitors of HSV-1 and further evaluated their antiviral effects by plaque reduction assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Five compounds, namely ginsenoside Rd, brassinolide, rosamultin, 3'-hydroxy puerarin, and clinafloxacin HCl, showed potent anti-HSV-1 activity and completely suppressed plaque formation at a concentration of 10 µM. Among them, clinafloxacin HCl, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibited a high selectivity index for HSV-1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that these five compounds have potential antiviral properties against HSV-1 and may have different mechanisms of action. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of these compounds and to explore their therapeutic potential for HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Yin
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ling Su
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Qingqun Lv
- School of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Misi Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yiling Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minxia Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shaojuan Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wanming Hu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Operating room, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fengling Bu
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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2
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Xu W, Zheng Z, Bao G, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhu H, Xu G, Zhu Y, Yu C, Jiang X. Photocatalytic Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37235701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced three-component reaction involving [1.1.1]propellane, diazoates, and various heterocycles for the synthesis of 3-heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Throughout this reaction, the radicals generated from diazoate species react with [1.1.1]propellane in an addition reaction to form bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) radicals that subsequently react with heterocycles, leading to the formation of 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates. Notably, this methodology exhibits excellent functional group compatibility, high atom economy, and mild reaction conditions, thus facilitating suitable synthetic access to 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zicong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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3
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Screening of novel synthetic derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone for antivirals against flaviviruses infections. Virol Sin 2022; 37:94-106. [PMID: 35234626 PMCID: PMC8922432 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens that represent an immense global health problem. Their unprecedented epidemic rate and unpredictable clinical features underscore an urgent need for antiviral interventions. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural occurring adrenal-derived steroid in the human body that has been associated in protection against various infections. In the present study, the plaque assay based primary screening was conducted on 32 synthetic derivatives of DHEA against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) to identify potent anti-flaviviral compounds. Based on primary screening, HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 were selected as hits from DHEA derivatives that exhibited strong antiviral activity against JEV (IC50 = 2.13 and 1.98 μmol/L, respectively) and Zika virus (ZIKV) (IC50 = 3.73 and 3.42 μmol/L, respectively). Mechanism study indicates that HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 do not exhibit inhibitory effect on flavivirus binding and entry process, while significantly inhibit flavivirus infection at the replication stage. Moreover, indirect immunofluorescence assay, Western blot analyses, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed a potent antiviral activity of DHEA derivatives hits against JEV and ZIKV in terms of inhibition of viral infection, protein production, and viral RNA synthesis in Vero cells. Taken together, our results may provide a basis for the development of new antivirals against flaviviruses. A total of 32 synthetic derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone were screened for anti-flaviviral activity in Vero cells. HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 were selected as hits in the downstream studies exhibiting strong antiviral activities. Time-addition studies revealed that both hits were more effective for reducing virus propagation in post-infection treatment. Mechanism studies showed that these hits acted on the post-entry process (replication stage) of the flavivirus life cycle.
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4
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Zhang L, Zhou D, Li Q, Zhu S, Imran M, Duan H, Cao S, Ke S, Ye J. The Antiviral Effect of Novel Steroidal Derivatives on Flaviviruses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:727236. [PMID: 34690968 PMCID: PMC8527100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.727236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are the major emerging arthropod-borne pathogens globally. However, there is still no practical anti-flavivirus approach. Therefore, existing and emerging flaviviruses desperately need active broad-spectrum drugs. In the present study, the antiviral effect of steroidal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 23 synthetic derivatives against flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Dengue virus (DENV) were appraised by examining the characteristics of virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that AV1003, AV1004 and AV1017 were the most potent inhibitors of flavivirus propagation in cells. They mainly suppress the viral infection in the post-invasion stage in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, orally administered compound AV1004 protected mice from lethal JEV infection by increasing the survival rate and reducing the viral load in the brain of infected mice. These results indicate that the compound AV1004 might be a potential therapeutic drug against JEV infection. These DHEA derivatives may provide lead scaffolds for further design and synthesis of potential anti-flavivirus potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Synthesis and evaluation of steroidal thiazoline conjugates as potential antiviral agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2589-2605. [PMID: 30499701 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Many heterocyclic compounds derived from natural steroids exhibited broad activities, so this work focused on the investigations on a series of steroidal thiazoline conjugates as antiviral agents. Materials & methods: A series of steroid derivatives containing thiazoline heterocycles were designed and synthesized via a convenient condensation procedure. The compounds were screened for their potential antivirus activities against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie Virus Type B (CVB3). Results and Conclusion: The in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds 5b, 5g and 5i exhibited excellent antiviral effects on EV71, and compounds 5b, 5e, 6c and 6g presented better antiviral activities against CVB3 compared with the controls ribavirin or pirodavir. These results indicate that these steroidal thiazoline conjugates might be feasible therapeutic candidates against EV71 infection, which might also be considered as promising compounds for optimization of potential antivirus agents.
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6
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Abstract
Among the members of the Arenaviridae family, Junín virus and Lassa virus represent important human health threats generating annual outbreaks of severe human hemorrhagic fever (HF) in endemic areas of Argentina and Western Africa, respectively. Given the lack of a specific and safe chemotherapy, the search for effective antiviral compounds is a continuous demanding effort. During the last two decades, academic research studies originated important results identifying novel molecules to be considered for further in vivo characterization. This chapter summarizes experimental in vitro approaches used to determine the possible mechanism of action of these antiviral agents.
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7
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The inhibitory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone and its derivatives against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3061-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Cui HW, Peng S, Gu XZ, Chen H, He Y, Gao W, Lv F, Wang JH, Wang Y, Xie J, Liu MY, Yi Z, Qiu WW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of D-ring fused 1,2,3-thiadiazole dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Ekins S, Freundlich JS, Coffee M. A common feature pharmacophore for FDA-approved drugs inhibiting the Ebola virus. F1000Res 2014; 3:277. [PMID: 25653841 PMCID: PMC4304229 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5741.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently faced with a global infectious disease crisis which has been anticipated for decades. While many promising biotherapeutics are being tested, the search for a small molecule has yet to deliver an approved drug or therapeutic for the Ebola or similar filoviruses that cause haemorrhagic fever. Two recent high throughput screens published in 2013 did however identify several hits that progressed to animal studies that are FDA approved drugs used for other indications. The current computational analysis uses these molecules from two different structural classes to construct a common features pharmacophore. This ligand-based pharmacophore implicates a possible common target or mechanism that could be further explored. A recent structure based design project yielded nine co-crystal structures of pyrrolidinone inhibitors bound to the viral protein 35 (VP35). When receptor-ligand pharmacophores based on the analogs of these molecules and the protein structures were constructed, the molecular features partially overlapped with the common features of solely ligand-based pharmacophore models based on FDA approved drugs. These previously identified FDA approved drugs with activity against Ebola were therefore docked into this protein. The antimalarials chloroquine and amodiaquine docked favorably in VP35. We propose that these drugs identified to date as inhibitors of the Ebola virus may be targeting VP35. These computational models may provide preliminary insights into the molecular features that are responsible for their activity against Ebola virus
in vitro and
in vivo and we propose that this hypothesis could be readily tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, Fuquay-Varina, NC, 27526, USA ; Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Megan Coffee
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Emerging Readiness, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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10
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Ekins S, Freundlich JS, Coffee M. A common feature pharmacophore for FDA-approved drugs inhibiting the Ebola virus. F1000Res 2014; 3:277. [PMID: 25653841 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5741.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently faced with a global infectious disease crisis which has been anticipated for decades. While many promising biotherapeutics are being tested, the search for a small molecule has yet to deliver an approved drug or therapeutic for the Ebola or similar filoviruses that cause haemorrhagic fever. Two recent high throughput screens published in 2013 did however identify several hits that progressed to animal studies that are FDA approved drugs used for other indications. The current computational analysis uses these molecules from two different structural classes to construct a common features pharmacophore. This ligand-based pharmacophore implicates a possible common target or mechanism that could be further explored. A recent structure based design project yielded nine co-crystal structures of pyrrolidinone inhibitors bound to the viral protein 35 (VP35). When receptor-ligand pharmacophores based on the analogs of these molecules and the protein structures were constructed, the molecular features partially overlapped with the common features of solely ligand-based pharmacophore models based on FDA approved drugs. These previously identified FDA approved drugs with activity against Ebola were therefore docked into this protein. The antimalarials chloroquine and amodiaquine docked favorably in VP35. We propose that these drugs identified to date as inhibitors of the Ebola virus may be targeting VP35. These computational models may provide preliminary insights into the molecular features that are responsible for their activity against Ebola virus in vitro and in vivo and we propose that this hypothesis could be readily tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, Fuquay-Varina, NC, 27526, USA ; Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Megan Coffee
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Emerging Readiness, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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11
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Madrid PB, Chopra S, Manger ID, Gilfillan L, Keepers TR, Shurtleff AC, Green CE, Iyer LV, Dilks HH, Davey RA, Kolokoltsov AA, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Bavari S, Panchal RG, Warren TK, Wells JB, Moos WH, Burke RL, Tanga MJ. A systematic screen of FDA-approved drugs for inhibitors of biological threat agents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60579. [PMID: 23577127 PMCID: PMC3618516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid development of effective medical countermeasures against potential biological threat agents is vital. Repurposing existing drugs that may have unanticipated activities as potential countermeasures is one way to meet this important goal, since currently approved drugs already have well-established safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in patients, as well as manufacturing and distribution networks. Therefore, approved drugs could rapidly be made available for a new indication in an emergency. Methodology/Principal Findings A large systematic effort to determine whether existing drugs can be used against high containment bacterial and viral pathogens is described. We assembled and screened 1012 FDA-approved drugs for off-label broad-spectrum efficacy against Bacillus anthracis; Francisella tularensis; Coxiella burnetii; and Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa fever viruses using in vitro cell culture assays. We found a variety of hits against two or more of these biological threat pathogens, which were validated in secondary assays. As expected, antibiotic compounds were highly active against bacterial agents, but we did not identify any non-antibiotic compounds with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Lomefloxacin and erythromycin were found to be the most potent compounds in vivo protecting mice against Bacillus anthracis challenge. While multiple virus-specific inhibitors were identified, the most noteworthy antiviral compound identified was chloroquine, which disrupted entry and replication of two or more viruses in vitro and protected mice against Ebola virus challenge in vivo. Conclusions/Significance The feasibility of repurposing existing drugs to face novel threats is demonstrated and this represents the first effort to apply this approach to high containment bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Madrid
- Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.
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12
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Torres NI, Castilla V, Wachsman M. DHEA inhibits measles virus through a mechanism independent of its ability to modulate the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, measles infection is still frequent in many developing countries with reduced health infrastructure, and it is one of the major causes of child death globally. In the past decade numerous outbreaks have occurred in developed countries, giving a fresh impetus to antiviral research against measles virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the natural steroid hormone DHEA against measles virus and the role of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in viral multiplication and DHEA’s antiviral activity. Materials & methods: The antiviral activity of DHEA and two ERK modulators, UO126 and anisomycin, was determined using a virus yield reduction assay. Furthermore, we studied DHEA’s virucidal activity and the viral multiplication step affected by the compound. The effect of virus infection on the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and the activity of those compounds against measles virus spread and induced cytopathic effect were studied using western blot and indirect immunofluorescence. Results & conclusion: We found that DHEA and UO126 are active against measles virus and that they are able to diminish virus-induced cytopathic effects. Also, our study showed that early events in the viral multiplication cycle trigger ERK activation, suggesting that DHEA, a Raf/MEK/ERK modulator, may not exert its antiviral activity through the modulation of this pathway. Our results may provide a first step in the development of new antiviral agents against measles virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás I Torres
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Castilla
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Wachsman
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Dávola ME, Alonso F, Cabrera GM, Ramírez JA, Barquero AA. Sterol analogues with diamide side chains interfere with the intracellular localization of viral glycoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:107-12. [PMID: 22982541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The need to develop novel antiviral agents encouraged us to assess the antiviral activity of synthetic sterol analogues with a diamide side chains. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of a family of azasterol previously synthesized was evaluated against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (KOS and B2006) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). This family of compounds was extended by the synthesis of novel analogs using an Ugi multicomponent reaction and their ability to inhibit viral multiplication was also evaluated. The results show that some of the compounds tested exert an antiviral activity. Besides, the effect of the azasterols on the intracellular localization of viral glycoproteins was examined. Strikingly, alteration on the glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1 fluorescence pattern was observed with both the antiherpetic compounds and the inactive azasterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Dávola
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN (CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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In vitro antiviral activity of dehydroepiandrosterone, 17 synthetic analogs and ERK modulators against herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:37-48. [PMID: 22584352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the in vitro antiviral activity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17 synthetic derivatives against herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was determined. DHEA, epiandrosterone (EA), two synthetic DHEA analogs and three synthetic EA analogs showed a selective inhibitory effect on HSV in vitro multiplication. DHEA and E2, a synthetic derivative of EA, were not found to be virucidal to cell-free HSV-1 and did not impair virus adsorption or penetration. We determined that treatment with both compounds decreased viral protein synthesis. Moreover, inhibitory effect of DHEA and E2 on extracellular viral titer was stronger than the inhibition found on total viral infectivity, suggesting that the antiherpetic activity of these compounds may also be in part due to an inhibition in virus formation and release. Since DHEA is a known Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway activator, we studied the role of this pathway on HSV-1 infection. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was stimulated in HSV-1 infected cultures. UO126, a Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor, impaired viral multiplication, while anisomycin, an activator of this pathway, enhanced it. Treatment with DHEA 6 h before infection enhanced HSV-1 multiplication. On the contrary, pre-treatment with E2, which does not modulate Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, did not produce an increase of viral replication. Taking together these results, the antiviral activity of DHEA seems to occur via a mechanism independent of its ability to modulate ERK phosphorylation.
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15
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Gowen BB, Bray M. Progress in the experimental therapy of severe arenaviral infections. Future Microbiol 2012; 6:1429-41. [PMID: 22122440 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of viruses in the family Arenaviridae cause severe illness in humans. Lassa virus in West Africa and a number of agents in South America produce hemorrhagic fever in persons exposed to aerosolized excretions of the pathogens' rodent hosts. Because arenaviruses are not transmitted by arthropods, and person-to-person spread is rare, human infections occur singly and sporadically, and are usually not diagnosed until the patient is severely ill. Because the arenaviruses are naturally transmitted by the airborne route, they also pose a potential threat as aerosolized bioterror weapons. The broad-spectrum antiviral drug ribavirin was shown to reduce mortality from Lassa fever, and has been tested against Argentine hemorrhagic fever, but it is not an approved treatment for either disease. Human immune convalescent plasma was proven to be effective for Argentine hemorrhagic fever in a controlled trial. New treatments are needed to block viral replication without causing toxicity and to prevent the increased vascular permeability that is responsible for hypotension and shock. In this paper, we review current developments in the experimental therapy of severe arenaviral infections, focusing on drugs that have been tested in animal models, and provide a perspective on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Gowen
- Institute for Antiviral Research & Department of Animal, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Moreno H, Gallego I, Sevilla N, de la Torre JC, Domingo E, Martín V. Ribavirin can be mutagenic for arenaviruses. J Virol 2011; 85:7246-55. [PMID: 21561907 PMCID: PMC3126590 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00614-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses include several important human pathogens, and there are very limited options of preventive or therapeutic interventions to combat these viruses. An off-label use of the purine nucleoside analogue ribavirin (1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is the only antiviral treatment currently available for arenavirus infections. However, the ribavirin antiviral mechanism action against arenaviruses remains unknown. Here we document that ribavirin is mutagenic for the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in cell culture. The mutagenic activity of ribavirin on LCMV was observed under single- and multiple-passage regimes and could not be accounted for by a decrease of the intracellular GTP pool promoted by ribavirin-mediated inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Our findings suggest that the antiviral activity of ribavirin on arenaviruses might be exerted, at least partially, by lethal mutagenesis. Implications for antiarenavirus therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Moreno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, IMM-6, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Isabel Gallego
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, IMM-6, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Esteban Domingo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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García CC, Sepúlveda CS, Damonte EB. Novel therapeutic targets for arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.10.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the family Arenaviridae can cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, representing a serious public health problem in endemic areas of Africa and South America. The Lassa virus is the most prevalent and dangerous arenavirus, causing over 300,000 infections per year and several thousand deaths. Furthermore, pathogenic arenaviruses are considered as category A potential agents for bioterrorism. Based on the danger of arenaviruses for human health, the increased emergence of new viral species in recent years and the lack of effective tools for their control or prevention, the search for novel antiviral compounds effective against these pathogenic agents is a continuous demanding effort. This article focuses on novel strategies to identify inhibitors for arenavirus therapy, analyzing viral and host proteins essential for virus infection as potential targets for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybele C García
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas & Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas & Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bushell WC, Theise ND. Toward a Unified Field of Study: Longevity, Regeneration, and Protection of Health through Meditation and Related Practices. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1172:5-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Maisa A, Ströher U, Klenk HD, Garten W, Strecker T. Inhibition of Lassa virus glycoprotein cleavage and multicycle replication by site 1 protease-adapted alpha(1)-antitrypsin variants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3:e446. [PMID: 19488405 PMCID: PMC2685025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteolytic processing of the Lassa virus envelope glycoprotein precursor GP-C by the host proprotein convertase site 1 protease (S1P) is a prerequisite for the incorporation of the subunits GP-1 and GP-2 into viral particles and, hence, essential for infectivity and virus spread. Therefore, we tested in this study the concept of using S1P as a target to block efficient virus replication. Methodology/Principal Finding We demonstrate that stable cell lines inducibly expressing S1P-adapted α1-antitrypsin variants inhibit the proteolytic maturation of GP-C. Introduction of the S1P recognition motifs RRIL and RRLL into the reactive center loop of α1-antitrypsin resulted in abrogation of GP-C processing by endogenous S1P to a similar level observed in S1P-deficient cells. Moreover, S1P-specific α1-antitrypsins significantly inhibited replication and spread of a replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein GP as well as authentic Lassa virus. Inhibition of viral replication correlated with the ability of the different α1-antitrypsin variants to inhibit the processing of the Lassa virus glycoprotein precursor. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that glycoprotein cleavage by S1P is a promising target for the development of novel anti-arenaviral strategies. The virus family Arenaviridae includes several hemorrhagic fever causing agents such as Lassa, Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, and Sabia virus that pose a major public health concern to the human population in West African and South American countries. Current treatment options to control fatal outcome of disease are limited to the ribonucleoside analogue ribavirin, although its use has some significant limitations. The lack of effective treatment alternatives emphasizes the need for novel antiviral therapeutics to counteract these life-threatening infections. Maturation cleavage of the viral envelope glycoprotein by the host cell proprotein convertase site 1 protease (S1P) is critical for infectious virion production of several pathogenic arenaviruses. This finding makes this protease an attractive target for the development of novel anti-arenaviral therapeutics. We demonstrate here that highly selective S1P-adapted α1-antitrypsins have the potential to efficiently inhibit glycoprotein processing, which resulted in reduced Lassa virus replication. Our findings suggest that S1P should be considered as an antiviral target and that further optimization of modified α1-antitrypsins could lead to potent and specific S1P inhibitors with the potential for treatment of certain viral hemorrhagic fevers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maisa
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ute Ströher
- Molecular Virology & Antiviral Approaches Unit, Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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