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Young KT, Stephens JQ, Poulson RL, Stallknecht DE, Dimitrov KM, Butt SL, Stanton JB. Putative Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (AMPV) and Reidentification of APMV-2 and APMV-6 to the Species Level Based on Wild Bird Surveillance (United States, 2016-2018). Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0046622. [PMID: 35612300 PMCID: PMC9195946 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00466-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) (subfamily Avulavirinae) have been isolated from over 200 species of wild and domestic birds around the world. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currently defines 22 different APMV species, with Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (whose viruses are designated APMV-1) being the most frequently studied due to its economic burden to the poultry industry. Less is known about other APMV species, including limited knowledge on the genetic diversity in wild birds, and there is a paucity of public whole-genome sequences for APMV-2 to -22. The goal of this study was to use MinION sequencing to genetically characterize APMVs isolated from wild bird swab samples collected during 2016 to 2018 in the United States. Multiplexed MinION libraries were prepared using a random strand-switching approach using 37 egg-cultured, influenza-negative, hemagglutination-positive samples. Forty-one APMVs were detected, with 37 APMVs having complete polymerase coding sequences allowing for species identification using ICTV's current Paramyxoviridae phylogenetic methodology. APMV-1, -4, -6, and -8 viruses were classified, one putative novel species (Avian orthoavulavirus 23) was identified from viruses isolated in this study, two putative new APMV species (Avian metaavulavirus 24 and 27) were identified from viruses isolated in this study and from retrospective GenBank sequences, and two putative new APMV species (Avian metaavulavirus 25 and 26) were identified solely from retrospective GenBank sequences. Furthermore, coinfections of APMVs were identified in four samples. The potential limitations of the branch length being the only species identification criterion and the potential benefit of a group pairwise distance analysis are discussed. IMPORTANCE Most species of APMVs are understudied and/or underreported, and many species were incidentally identified from asymptomatic wild birds; however, the disease significance of APMVs in wild birds is not fully determined. The rapid rise in high-throughput sequencing coupled with avian influenza surveillance programs have identified 12 different APMV species in the last decade and have challenged the resolution of classical serological methods to identify new viral species. Currently, ICTV's only criterion for Paramyxoviridae species classification is the requirement of a branch length of >0.03 using a phylogenetic tree constructed from polymerase (L) amino acid sequences. The results from this study identify one new APMV species, propose four additional new APMV species, and highlight that the criterion may have insufficient resolution for APMV species demarcation and that refinement or expansion of this criterion may need to be established for Paramyxoviridae species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey T. Young
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jazz Q. Stephens
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Department of Population Health, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Department of Population Health, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Department of Virology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Salman L. Butt
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Yang W, Dai J, Liu J, Guo M, Liu X, Hu S, Gu M, Hu J, Hu Z, Gao R, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X. Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Serotypes 2 Vector-Based Vaccine Induces Protection against H9N2 Avian Influenza in Chicken. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050918. [PMID: 35632659 PMCID: PMC9144924 DOI: 10.3390/v14050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial inactivated vaccines against H9N2 avian influenza (AI) have been developed in China since 1990s and show excellent immunogenicity with strong HI antibodies. However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the clinical demand for a live-vectored vaccine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have shown effective protection in chickens against H9N2 virus. However, preexisting NDV antibodies may affect protective efficacy of the vaccine in the field. Here, we explored avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (APMV-2) as a vector for developing an H9N2 vaccine via intranasal delivery. APMV-2 belongs to the same genus as NDV, distantly related to NDV in the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequences of Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and has low cross-reactivity with anti-NDV antisera. We incorporated hemagglutinin (HA) of H9N2 into the junction of P and M gene in the APMV-2 genome by being flanked with the gene start, gene end, and UTR of each gene of APMV-2-T4 to generate seven recombinant APMV-2 viruses rAPMV-2/HAs, rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-PUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-FUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-HNUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-LUTR-HA, and rAPMV-2-MUTR-HA, expressing HA. The rAPMV-2/HAs displayed similar pathogenicity compared with the parental APMV-2-T4 virus and expressed HA protein in infected CEF cells. The NP-UTR facilitated the expression and secretion of HA protein in cells infected with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA. Animal studies demonstrated that immunization with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA elicited effective H9N2-specific antibody (6.14 ± 1.2 log2) responses and conferred complete immune protection to prevent viral shedding in the oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from chickens challenged with H9N2 virus. This study suggests that our recombinant APMV-2 virus is safe and immunogenic and can be a useful tool in the combat of H9N2 outbreaks in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Dai
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
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Rao PL, Gandham RK, Subbiah M. Molecular evolution and genetic variations of V and W proteins derived by RNA editing in Avian Paramyxoviruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9532. [PMID: 32533018 PMCID: PMC7293227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly assigned subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae includes avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) isolated from a wide variety of avian species across the globe. Till date, 21 species of APMVs are reported and their complete genome sequences are available in GenBank. The APMV genome comprises of a single stranded, negative sense, non-segmented RNA comprising six transcriptional units (except APMV-6 with seven units) each coding for a structural protein. Additionally, by co-transcriptional RNA editing of phosphoprotein (P) gene, two mRNAs coding for accessory viral proteins, V and W, are generated along with unedited P mRNA. However, in APMV-11, the unedited mRNA codes for V protein while +2 edited mRNA translates to P protein, similar to members of subfamily Rubulavirinae in the same family. Such RNA editing in paramyxoviruses enables maximizing the coding capacity of their smaller genome. The three proteins of P gene: P, V and W, share identical N terminal but varied C terminal sequences that contribute to their unique functions. Here, we analyzed the P gene editing site, V and W sequences of all 21 APMV species known so far (55 viruses) by using bioinformatics and report their genetic variations and molecular evolution. The variations observed in the sequence and hexamer phase positions of the P gene editing sites is likely to influence the levels and relative proportions of P, V and W proteins' expressions which could explain the differences in the pathogenicity of APMVs. The V protein sequences of APMVs had conserved motifs similar to V proteins of other paramyxoviruses including the seven cysteine residues involved in MDA5 interference, STAT1 degradation and interferon antagonism. Conversely, W protein sequences of APMVs were distinct. High sequence homology was observed in both V and W proteins between strains of the same species than between species except in APMV-3 which was the most divergent APMV species. The estimates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates suggested negative selection pressure on the V and W proteins within species indicating their low evolution rate. The molecular clock analysis revealed higher conservation of V protein sequence compared to W protein indicating the important role played by V protein in viral replication, pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, we speculate the genetic diversity of W proteins could impact the degree of pathogenesis, variable interferon antagonistic activity and the wide host range exhibited by APMV species. Phylogenetically, V proteins of APMVs clustered into three groups similar to the recent classification of APMVs into three new genera while no such pattern could be deciphered in the analysis of W proteins except that strains of same species grouped together. This is the first comprehensive study describing in detail the genetic variations and the molecular evolution of P gene edited, accessory viral proteins of Avian paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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Aziz-ul-Rahman, Munir M, Shabbir MZ. Comparative evolutionary and phylogenomic analysis of Avian avulaviruses 1–20. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:931-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Avian viral surveillance in Victoria, Australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194457. [PMID: 29570719 PMCID: PMC5865735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses in avian hosts can pose threats to avian health and some have zoonotic potential. Hospitals that provide veterinary care for avian patients may serve as a site of exposure of other birds and human staff in the facility to these viruses. They can also provide a useful location to collect samples from avian patients in order to examine the viruses present in wild birds. This study aimed to investigate viruses of biosecurity and/or zoonotic significance in Australian birds by screening samples collected from 409 birds presented to the Australian Wildlife Health Centre at Zoos Victoria’s Healesville Sanctuary for veterinary care between December 2014 and December 2015. Samples were tested for avian influenza viruses, herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses and coronaviruses, using genus- or family-wide polymerase chain reaction methods coupled with sequencing and phylogenetic analyses for detection and identification of both known and novel viruses. A very low prevalence of viruses was detected. Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 was detected from a powerful owl (Ninox strenua) with inclusion body hepatitis, and an avian paramyxovirus most similar to Avian avulavirus 5 was detected from a musk lorikeet (Glossopsitta concinna). Two distinct novel avian alphaherpesviruses were detected in samples from a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) and a tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides). Avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses were not detected. The clinical significance of the newly detected viruses remains undetermined. Further studies are needed to assess the host specificity, epidemiology, pathogenicity and host-pathogen relationships of these novel viruses. Further genome characterization is also indicated, and would be required before these viruses can be formally classified taxonomically. The detection of these viruses contributes to our knowledge on avian virodiversity. The low level of avian virus detection, and the absence of any viruses with zoonotic potential, suggests low risk to biosecurity and human health.
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Bui VN, Trinh DQ, Abao LNB, Ozeki Y, Runstadler J, Nakamura K, Ogawa H, Imai K. Evaluation of the replication and pathogenicity of a variant avian paramyxovirus serotype 6 in mice. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3035-3043. [PMID: 28685285 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) have been evaluated for their potential use as vaccine vectors, sparking research efforts leading to a better understanding of APMVs' replication and pathogenicity. However, within APMV serotypes, significant genetic diversity exists, and the infectivity of variant strains in mammals has not been studied. We utilized a mouse model to evaluate the pathogenicity of a variant strain of APMV-6 (APMV-6/red-necked stint/Japan/8KS0813/2008) in comparison with the prototype APMV-6 strain (APMV-6/duck/Hong Kong/18/199/1977). Although the two viruses differ substantially, both genetically and antigenically, we found that the variant and prototype strains could similarly replicate in respiratory tissues of infected mice and induce respiratory disease, sometimes resulting in death of the mice. Both viruses induced a humoral immune response that could be clearly detected by ELISA but which was poorly recognized by the hemagglutination inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Nghia Bui
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Quang Trinh
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lary N B Abao
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Agriculture-Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Service, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Yuki Ozeki
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | | | - Kikuyasu Nakamura
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Thampaisarn R, Bui VN, Trinh DQ, Nagai M, Mizutani T, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Gronsang D, Le DHT, Ogawa H, Imai K. Characterization of avian paramyxovirus serotype 14, a novel serotype, isolated from a duck fecal sample in Japan. Virus Res 2016; 228:46-57. [PMID: 27884627 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A hemagglutinating virus isolate designated 11OG0352, was obtained from a duck fecal sample. Genetic and virological analyses indicated that it might represent a novel serotype of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Electron micrographs showed that the morphology of the virus particle was similar to that of APMV. The complete genome of this virus comprised 15,444 nucleotides complying with the paramyxovirus "rule of six" and contains six open reading frames (3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'). The phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed that the virus was a member of the genus Avulavirus, but that it was distinct from APMV-1 to APMV-13. Although the F-protein cleavage site was TREGK↓L, which resembles a lentogenic strain of APMV-1, the K residue at position -1 of the cleavage site was first discovered in APMV members. The phosphoprotein gene of isolate 11OG0352 contains a putative RNA editing site, 3'-AUUUUCCC-5' (negative sense) which sequence differs from that of other APMVs. The intracerebral pathogenicity index test did not detect virulence in infected chicks. In hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, an antiserum against this virus did not detectably react with other APMVs (serotypes 1-4, 6-9) except for low reciprocal cross-reactivity with APMV-6. We designated this isolate, as APMV-14/duck/Japan/11OG0352/2011 and propose that it is a novel APMV serotype. The HI test may not be widely applicable for the classification of a new serotype because of the limited availability of reference antisera against all serotypes and cross-reactivity data. The nucleotide sequence identities of the whole genome of 11OG0352 and other APMVs ranged from 46.3% to 56.1%. Such comparison may provide a useful tool for classifying new APMV isolates. However, the nucleotide sequence identity between APMV-12 and APMV-13 was higher (64%), which was nearly identical to the lowest nucleotide identity (67%) reported in subgroups within the serotype. Therefore, consensus criteria for using whole genome analysis should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeewan Thampaisarn
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Vuong N Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dai Q Trinh
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Duong H T Le
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Yamamoto E, Ito T, Ito H. Completion of full length genome sequence of novel avian paramyxovirus strain APMV/Shimane67 isolated from migratory wild geese in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1583-1594. [PMID: 27430258 PMCID: PMC5095628 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of nucleocapsid protein (N); phosphoprotein (P); matrix protein (M); hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN); and large polymerase protein (L) genes, 3'-end leader, 5'-end trailer and intergenic regions of the avian paramyxovirus (APMV) strain goose/Shimane/67/2000 (APMV/Shimane67) were determined. Together with previously reported data on fusion protein (F) gene sequence [46], the determination of the genome sequence of APMV/Shimane67 has been completed in this study. The genome of APMV/Shimane67 comprised 16,146 nucleotides in length and contains six genes in the order of 3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The features of the APMV/Shimane67 genome (e.g., nucleotide length of whole genome and each of the six genes, and predicted amino acid length of each of the six genes) were distinct from those of other APMV serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that although APMV/Shimane67 was grouped with APMV-1, -9 and -12, the evolutionary distance between APMV/Shimane67 and these viruses was longer than that observed between intra-serotype viruses. These results show that the genome sequence of APMV/Shimane67 contains specific characteristics and is distinguishable from other types of APMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Gogoi P, Ganar K, Kumar S. Avian Paramyxovirus: A Brief Review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:53-67. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gogoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - K. Ganar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
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Yamamoto E, Ito H, Tomioka Y, Ito T. Characterization of novel avian paramyxovirus strain APMV/Shimane67 isolated from migratory wild geese in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1079-85. [PMID: 25866408 PMCID: PMC4591148 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An avian paramyxovirus (APMV) isolated from goose feces (APMV/Shimane67) was
biologically, serologically and genetically characterized. APMV/Shimane67 showed typical
paramyxovirus morphology on electron microscopy. On hemagglutination inhibition test,
antiserum against APMV/Shimane67 revealed low reactivity with other APMV serotypes and
vice versa. The fusion (F) protein gene of APMV/Shimane67 contained
1,638 nucleotides in a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 545 amino acids.
The cleavage site of F protein contained a pair of single basic amino
acid (VRENR/L). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the F gene
of APMV/Shimane67 had relatively low identities (42.9–62.7% and 28.9–67.3%, respectively)
with those of other APMVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that APMV/Shimane67 was related to
NDV, APMV-9 and APMV-12, but was distinct from those APMV serotypes. These results suggest
that APMV/Shimane67 is a new APMV serotype, APMV-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Paldurai A, Xiao S, Kim SH, Kumar S, Nayak B, Samal S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Effects of naturally occurring six- and twelve-nucleotide inserts on Newcastle disease virus replication and pathogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103951. [PMID: 25093330 PMCID: PMC4122465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates contain genomes of 15,186, 15,192 or 15,198 nucleotides (nt). The length differences reflect a 6-nt insert in the 5′ (downstream) non-translated region (NTR) of the N gene (15,192-nt genome) or a 12-nt insert in the ORF encoding the P and V proteins (causing a 4-amino acid insert; 15,198-nt genome). We evaluated the role of these inserts in the N and P genes on viral replication and pathogenicity by inserting them into genomes of two NDV strains that have natural genome lengths of 15,186 nt and represent two different pathotypes, namely the mesogenic strain Beaudette C (BC) and the velogenic strain GB Texas (GBT). Our results showed that the 6-nt and 12-nt inserts did not detectably affect N gene expression or P protein function. The inserts had no effect on the replication or virulence of the highly virulent GBT strain but showed modest degree of attenuation in mesogenic strain BC. We also deleted a naturally-occurring 6-nt insertion in the N gene from a highly virulent 15,192-nt genome-length virus, strain Banjarmasin. This resulted in reduced replication in vitro and reduced virulence in vivo. Thus, although these inserts had no evident effect on gene expression, protein function, or replication in vivo, they did affect virulence in two of the three tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sa Xiao
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shin-Hee Kim
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sweety Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter L. Collins
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bui VN, Mizutani T, Nguyen TH, Trinh DQ, Awad SSA, Minoungou GL, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura K, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Runstadler J, Huettmann F, Ogawa H, Imai K. Characterization of a genetic and antigenic variant of avian paramyxovirus 6 isolated from a migratory wild bird, the red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis). Arch Virol 2014; 159:3101-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Nayak B, Nayak S, Paldurai A, Kumar S, De Nardi R, Terregino C, Collins PL, Samal SK. Evaluation of the genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 4. Virus Res 2012. [PMID: 23178589 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) belong to the genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae and include at least nine serotypes, APMV-1 to -9, as well as two additional provisional serotypes. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which comprises APMV-1, is the most extensively studied APMV because it is an important poultry pathogen. A moderate level of antigenic and genetic diversity is recognized for APMV-1 isolates, but our knowledge of the antigenic and genetic diversity of the other APMV serotypes is limited. APMV-4 is frequently isolated from waterfowl around the world. To date complete genome sequences of APMV-4 are available for only strains, which were isolated from ducks in Hong Kong, Korea and Belgium over a period of 37 years. We have carried out genome sequencing from the nucleocapsid (N) gene-end signal to the polymerase (L) gene-start signal of five APMV-4 strains recently isolated from Italy. Each of the eight APMV-4 strains has the same F protein cleavage site, DIQPR↓F. They also share a high level of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity: for example, the F and HN glycoproteins have greater than 97% sequence identity between the various strains. Thus, comparison of these eight strains of APMV-4 did not provide evidence of substantial diversity, in contrast to similar studies with APMV-2, -3, and -6, in which the F and HN glycoproteins exhibited up to 20-30% amino acid sequence variation within a subgroup. Reciprocal cross-HI assay using post infection chicken sera also failed to detect significant antigenic variation among the available APMV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibaswata Nayak
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Fornells LAMG, Silva TF, Bianchi I, Travassos CEPF, Liberal MHT, Andrade CM, Petrucci MP, Veiga VF, Vaslin MFS, Couceiro JNSS. Detection of paramyxoviruses in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on the Brazilian tropical coast. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:429-33. [PMID: 22189432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic migratory birds are a major vectors by which influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses are spread in nature. Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) are usually present on the southern shores of South America and can swim as far as the southern coast of Brazil in winter. In 2008, however, several Magellanic penguins were observed on the northeastern coast of Brazil. Paramyxoviruses were isolated from Magellanic penguins on the Espírito Santo state coast, approximately 4000 km from their breeding colonies, although influenza viruses were not detected. Among the paramyxoviruses, five Avulavirus isolates belonging to serotype APMV-2 and the serotype APMV-10, which was proposed by Miller et al. (2010), were identified. These results highlight the risks associated with the spread of paramyxoviruses between natural to non-natural habitats by birds exhibiting unusual migration patterns, and they document for the first time the presence of the APMV-2 and APMV-10 serotypes on penguins in Brazil. The local avifauna may become infected with these viruses through close contact between migratory and resident birds. Continued surveillance of virus incidence in these migratory populations of penguins is necessary to detect and prevent the potential risks associated with these unusual migration patterns.
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Dundon WG, Heidari A, Fusaro A, Monne I, Beato MS, Cattoli G, Koch G, Starick E, Brown IH, Aldous EW, Briand FX, Le Gall-Reculé G, Jestin V, Jørgensen PH, Berg M, Zohari S, Metreveli G, Munir M, Ståhl K, Albina E, Hammoumi S, Gil P, de Almeida RS, Smietanka K, Domańska-Blicharz K, Minta Z, Van Borm S, van den Berg T, Martin AM, Barbieri I, Capua I. Genetic data from avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses generated by the European network of excellence (EPIZONE) between 2006 and 2011--review and recommendations for surveillance. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:209-21. [PMID: 21925809 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since 2006, the members of the molecular epidemiological working group of the European "EPIZONE" network of excellence have been generating sequence data on avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses from both European and African sources in an attempt to more fully understand the circulation and impact of these viruses. This review presents a timely update on the epidemiological situation of these viruses based on sequence data generated during the lifetime of this project in addition to data produced by other groups during the same period. Based on this information and putting it all into a European context, recommendations for continued surveillance of these important viruses within Europe are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Dundon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy.
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Li X, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhang G. Genomic characterization of two avian paramyxovirus type 2 isolates from chickens in China. Virus Genes 2011; 43:55-9. [PMID: 21461587 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequences were determined for avian paramyxovirus type 2 (APMV-2) strains F8 and NK isolated from chickens in China. Both strains had a genome of 14,904 nucleotides (nt) in length, which followed the "rule of six". Each genome consisted of six genes in the order 3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5', with a 55-nt leader at the 3' end and a 154-nt trailer at the 5' end. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that APMV-2 strains F8 and NK shared the highest sequence identity with APMV-2 prototype strain Yucaipa, being classified in the same subgroup as strains Yucaipa, England and Kenya, while strain Bangor represented another subgroup of APMV-2. Among the APMVs, APMV-2 strains F8 and NK exhibited a closer evolutionary relationship with APMV-7 and APMV-8 representative strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Khattar SK, Kumar S, Xiao S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Experimental infection of mice with avian paramyxovirus serotypes 1 to 9. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16776. [PMID: 21347313 PMCID: PMC3037383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nine serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are frequently isolated from domestic and wild birds worldwide. APMV-1, also called Newcastle disease virus, was shown to be attenuated in non-avian species and is being developed as a potential vector for human vaccines. In the present study, we extended this evaluation to the other eight serotypes by evaluating infection in BALB/c mice. Mice were inoculated intranasally with a prototype strain of each of the nine serotypes and monitored for clinical disease, gross pathology, histopathology, virus replication and viral antigen distribution, and seroconversion. On the basis of multiple criteria, each of the APMV serotypes except serotype 5 was found to replicate in mice. Five of the serotypes produced clinical disease and significant weight loss in the following order of severity: 1, 2>6, 9>7. However, disease was short-lived. The other serotypes produced no evident clinical disease. Replication of all of the APMVs except APMV-5 in the nasal turbinates and lungs was confirmed by the recovery of infectious virus and by substantial expression of viral antigen in the epithelial lining detected by immunohistochemistry. Trace levels of infectious APMV-4 and -9 were detected in the brain of some animals; otherwise, no virus was detected in the brain, small intestine, kidney, or spleen. Histologically, infection with the APMVs resulted in lung lesions consistent with broncho-interstitial pneumonia of varying severity that were completely resolved at 14 days post infection. All of the mice infected with the APMVs except APMV-5 produced serotype-specific HI serum antibodies, confirming a lack of replication of APMV-5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that all APMV serotypes except APMV-5 are capable of replicating in mice with minimal disease and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Khattar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sa Xiao
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter L. Collins
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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