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Zhou T, Ruan P, Wang M, Cheng A, Zhang W, Tian B, Yang Q, Ou X, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Zhang S, Huang J, Wu Y, Zhao XX, Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Jia R. Duck plague virus Us3 regulates the expression of pUL48. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103498. [PMID: 38364609 PMCID: PMC10879799 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck plague (DP) is one of the contagious diseases caused by Duck plague virus (DPV), which is a serious threat to the development of duck farming. Us3 is a PKA-like protein kinase in alphaherpesvirus, which can regulate the biological functions of many viral proteins, but whether Us3 regulates pUL48 protein has not been reported. In this paper, Western Blot, qRT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter system and Co-IP were used to investigate the relationship between pUL48 and Us3. The results showed that: 1) pUL48 interacted with Us3 at 138-256aa through its DBD region. 2) Us3 enhanced the protein expression of pUL48 in a dose-dependent manner. 3) Us3 promoted the mRNA level of pUL48 by activating its promoter activity. 4) Us3 inhibited the transcriptional activation function of pUL48. The results can provide scientific data for perfecting and supplementing the function of alpha herpesvirus Us3 and pUL48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Peilin Ruan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Yangzhou City, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Romero N, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Van Waesberghe C, Jansens RJ, Tishchenko A, Verhamme R, Miyamoto S, Favoreel HW. Pseudorabies Virus Infection Results in a Broad Inhibition of Host Gene Transcription. J Virol 2022; 96:e0071422. [PMID: 35730976 PMCID: PMC9278110 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00714-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a porcine alphaherpesvirus that belongs to the Herpesviridae family. We showed earlier that infection of porcine epithelial cells with PRV triggers activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, a pivotal signaling axis in the early immune response. However, PRV-induced NF-κB activation does not lead to NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Here, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), we show that PRV does not disrupt the ability of NF-κB to interact with its κB target sites. Assessing basal cellular transcriptional activity in PRV-infected cells by quantitation of prespliced transcripts of constitutively expressed genes uncovered a broad suppression of cellular transcription by PRV, which also affects the inducible expression of NF-κB target genes. Host cell transcription inhibition was rescued when viral genome replication was blocked using phosphonoacetic acid (PAA). Remarkably, we found that host gene expression shutoff in PRV-infected cells correlated with a substantial retention of the NF-κB subunit p65, the TATA box binding protein, and RNA polymerase II-essential factors required for (NF-κB-dependent) gene transcription-in expanding PRV replication centers in the nucleus and thereby away from the host chromatin. This study reveals a potent mechanism used by the alphaherpesvirus PRV to steer the protein production capacity of infected cells to viral proteins by preventing expression of host genes, including inducible genes involved in mounting antiviral responses. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses are highly successful pathogens that cause lifelong persistent infections of their host. Modulation of the intracellular environment of infected cells is imperative for the success of virus infections. We reported earlier that a DNA damage response in epithelial cells infected with the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) results in activation of the hallmark proinflammatory NF-κB signaling axis but, remarkably, that this activation does not lead to NF-κB-induced (proinflammatory) gene expression. Here, we report that PRV-mediated inhibition of host gene expression stretches beyond NF-κB-dependent gene expression and in fact reflects a broad inhibition of host gene transcription, which correlates with a substantial recruitment of essential host transcription factors in viral replication compartments in the nucleus, away from the host chromatin. These data uncover a potent alphaherpesvirus mechanism to interfere with production of host proteins, including proteins involved in antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Romero
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shelly M. Wuerzberger-Davis
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cliff Van Waesberghe
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert J. Jansens
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Tishchenko
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Verhamme
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Herman W. Favoreel
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gan L, Wang M, Chen JJ, Gershon MD, Gershon AA. Infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells transmit latent varicella zoster virus infection to the guinea pig enteric nervous system. J Neurovirol 2014; 20:442-56. [PMID: 24965252 PMCID: PMC4206585 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Latent wild-type (WT) and vaccine (vOka) varicella zoster virus (VZV) are found in the human enteric nervous system (ENS). VZV also infects guinea pig enteric neurons in vitro, establishes latency and can be reactivated. We therefore determined whether lymphocytes infected in vitro with VZV secrete infectious virions and can transfer infection in vivo to the ENS of recipient guinea pigs. T lymphocytes (CD3-immunoreactive) were preferentially infected following co-culture of guinea pig or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with VZV-infected HELF. VZV proliferated in the infected T cells and expressed immediate early and late VZV genes. Electron microscopy confirmed that VZV-infected T cells produced encapsulated virions. Extracellular virus, however, was pleomorphic, suggesting degradation occurred prior to release, which was confirmed by the failure of VZV-infected T cells to secrete infectious virions. Intravenous injection of WT- or vOka-infected PBMCs, nevertheless, transmitted VZV to recipient animals (guinea pig > human lymphocytes). Two days post-inoculation, lung and liver, but not gut, contained DNA and transcripts encoding ORFs 4, 40, 66 and 67. Twenty-eight days after infection, gut contained DNA and transcripts encoding ORFs 4 and 66 but neither DNA nor transcripts could any longer be found in lung or liver. In situ hybridization revealed VZV DNA in enteric neurons, which also expressed ORF63p (but not ORF68p) immunoreactivity. Observations suggest that VZV infects T cells, which can transfer VZV to and establish latency in enteric neurons in vivo. Guinea pigs may be useful for studies of VZV pathogenesis in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jason J. Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael D. Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anne A. Gershon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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