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Wang X, Cheng J, Jiang Y, Ou J, Cai S, Xu L, Zhong L, Xiao Y, Hu X, Lu G, Yuan L. Natural recombination of the torque teno canis virus within the ORF1, -2, and -3 genes and the untranslated region. Virus Res 2023; 338:199227. [PMID: 37793437 PMCID: PMC10582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) was first reported in 2001 and it shares similarities with the known Torque teno virus (TTV) in terms of genomic organization and putative transcriptional features. It is a single-stranded DNA virus characterized by high rates of recombination and nucleotide substitution, like RNA viruses. Studies reported recombination events in torque teno virus; however, there is limited reporting of TTCaV reorganization events. This study screened fecal samples from domestic dogs in Henan Province. There was a positivity rate of 16.5% (19/115) for TTCaV. Four nearly complete TTCaV genomes, namely Canine/HeNan/4, 5, 6, and 13/2019, were obtained from the 19 positive fecal samples, whose genome sequence was obtained using gap-filling PCR. Sequence analysis revealed two unique amino acid mutation sites in the TTCaV strains, K278Q (compared with the first isolate Cf-TTV10 in Japan) and V/L268I (compared with the TTCaV strain from southern China). Subsequently, 17 near full-length TTCaV genome sequences were subjected to phylogenetic and recombination detection program analyzes. We obtained evidence supporting recombination events in the Chinese TTCaV strains. These findings suggest that mutation and recombination occurred in the three individual gene segments (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3) and the untranslated region, an area of major recombination in the Chinese TTCaV strain GX265 genome. Interestingly, the TTCaV strain (Canine/HeNan/6/2019) was a major parent involved in the genetic recombination of the GX265 strain. This study provides insights into the genetic variability and evolution of TTCaV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Jiajun Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Lintao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Gang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China.
| | - Liguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China.
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Gao J, Liu C, Yi J, Shi Y, Li H, Liu H. Genomic Characteristics of Feline Anelloviruses Isolated from Domestic Cats in Shanghai, China. Vet Sci 2023; 10:444. [PMID: 37505849 PMCID: PMC10385657 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomics techniques allow the high-throughput discovery of possible pathogens carried by companion animals from their feces and other excreta. In this study, the viral metagenomics of 22 groups of fecal samples from domestic cats revealed a high prevalence of feline anelloviruses (FcTTV) infection in domestic cats in Shanghai, China. Serum samples from 30 cat individuals were further detected by polymerase chain reaction, and an average positive rate of 36.67% (11/30) of FcTTV infection was found. Next, the full-length sequences of five Shanghai FcTTV variants were obtained and submitted to GenBank with access numbers OP186140 to OP186144. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Shanghai FcTTV variants have relatively consistent genomic characteristics, with two variants from Zhejiang 2019 and one variant from the Czech Republic 2010. The recombination event analysis of the variants showed that one variant (OP186141_SH-02) had a primary parental sequence derived from a variant (KM229764) from the Czech Republic in 2010, while the secondary parental sequence was derived from OP186140_SH-01. The results revealed that FcTTV infection is prevalent in domestic cats and that the use of viral metagenomics to rapidly identify some infecting viruses whose hosts lack clinical features would be an effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chengqian Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianzhong Yi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
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Xin W, Guo Z, Wang L, Li Y, Shangguan H, Xue K, Chen H, Yang H, Zhao L, Ge J. Multiple genotypes infection and molecular characterization of Torque teno neovison virus: A novel Anelloviridae of mink in China. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:145-155. [PMID: 37384973 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel Torque teno neovison virus (TTVs) was identified in specimens collected from dead mink during an outbreak of the Aleutian mink disease virus. Eighteen complete genomic sequences were obtained, ranging from 2109 to 2158 nucleotides in length and consisting of an untranslated region and three open reading frames. The genomic organization of mink TTVs is similar to previously reported anelloviruses. However, the deduced amino acid sequence of its ORF1 protein shows genetic diversity compared to related anelloviruses, suggesting that it represents a putative new species within the Anelloviridae family. This study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the novel mink anelloviruses, including its codon usage pattern, origin, and evolution. Analysis of the viral genomic sequences reveals the existence of multiple genotypes of co-infection. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic trees confirm the coexistence of multiple genotypes. Furthermore, the codon usage analyses indicate that mink TTVs have a genotype-specific codon usage pattern and show a low codon usage bias. Host-specific adaptation analysis suggests that TTVs are less adapted to mink. The possible origin and evolutionary history of mink TTVs were elucidated. Mink TTVs was genetically closely related to giant panda anellovirus, representing a new species. The observed incongruence between the phylogenetic history of TTVs and that of their hosts suggests that the evolution of anellovirus is largely determined by cross-species transmission. The study provides insights into the co-infection and genetic evolution of anellovirus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150030, China.
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Di Profio F, Sarchese V, Fruci P, Aste G, Martella V, Palombieri A, Di Martino B. Exploring the Enteric Virome of Cats with Acute Gastroenteritis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050362. [PMID: 37235445 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cats, chiefly in younger animals. Enteric specimens collected from 29 cats with acute enteritis and 33 non-diarrhoeic cats were screened in PCRs and reverse transcription (RT) PCR for a large panel of enteric viruses, including also orphan viruses of recent identification. At least one viral species, including feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), feline chaphamaparvovirus, calicivirus (vesivirus and novovirus), feline kobuvirus, feline sakobuvirus A and Lyon IARC polyomaviruses, was detected in 66.1% of the samples.. Co-infections were mainly accounted for by FPV and FCoV and were detected in 24.2% of the samples. The virome composition was further assessed in eight diarrhoeic samples, through the construction of sequencing libraries using a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) protocol. The libraries were sequenced on Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platform. A total of 41 contigs (>100 nt) were detected from seven viral families infecting mammals, included Parvoviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Papillomaviridae and Paramyxoviridae, revealing a broad variety in the composition of the feline enteric virome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Profio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Fruci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Abstract
Anelloviruses are small negative-sense single-stranded DNA viruses with genomes ranging in size from 1.6 to 3.9 kb. The family Anelloviridae comprised 14 genera before the present changes. However, in the last five years, a large number of diverse anelloviruses have been identified in various organisms. Here, we undertake a global analysis of mammalian anelloviruses whose full genome sequences have been determined and have an intact open reading frame 1 (ORF1). We established new criteria for the classification of anelloviruses, and, based on our analyses, we establish new genera and species to accommodate the unclassified anelloviruses. We also note that based on the updated species demarcation criteria, some previously assigned species (n = 10) merge with other species. Given the rate at which virus sequence data are accumulating, and with the identification of diverse anelloviruses, we acknowledge that the taxonomy will have to be dynamic and continuously evolve to accommodate new members.
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Kraberger S, Serieys LE, Richet C, Fountain-Jones NM, Baele G, Bishop JM, Nehring M, Ivan JS, Newkirk ES, Squires JR, Lund MC, Riley SP, Wilmers CC, van Helden PD, Van Doorslaer K, Culver M, VandeWoude S, Martin DP, Varsani A. Complex evolutionary history of felid anelloviruses. Virology 2021; 562:176-189. [PMID: 34364185 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anellovirus infections are highly prevalent in mammals, however, prior to this study only a handful of anellovirus genomes had been identified in members of the Felidae family. Here we characterise anelloviruses in pumas (Puma concolor), bobcats (Lynx rufus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), caracals (Caracal caracal) and domestic cats (Felis catus). The complete anellovirus genomes (n = 220) recovered from 149 individuals were diverse. ORF1 protein sequence similarity network analysis coupled with phylogenetic analysis, revealed two distinct clusters that are populated by felid-derived anellovirus sequences, a pattern mirroring that observed for the porcine anelloviruses. Of the two-felid dominant anellovirus groups, one includes sequences from bobcats, pumas, domestic cats and an ocelot, and the other includes sequences from caracals, Canada lynx, domestic cats and pumas. Coinfections of diverse anelloviruses appear to be common among the felids. Evidence of recombination, both within and between felid-specific anellovirus groups, supports a long coevolution history between host and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center of Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Laurel Ek Serieys
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA; Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Cécile Richet
- The Biodesign Center of Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline M Bishop
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mary Nehring
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jacob S Ivan
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | | | - John R Squires
- US Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Ave., Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Michael C Lund
- The Biodesign Center of Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Seth Pd Riley
- Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | | | - Paul D van Helden
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for TB Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Melanie Culver
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center of Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Momoi Y, Matsuu A. Detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and other viruses in cats via unbiased next-generation sequencing. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:279-282. [PMID: 33084531 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720967506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We used unbiased next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect unknown viruses in cats. Serum or plasma samples were obtained from clinically ill cats with suspected acute viral infections. Nucleic acid was extracted from serum or plasma samples to construct a complementary DNA library for NGS. Comprehensive nucleotide sequencing analyses enabled detection of the genomes of various viruses, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline morbillivirus, parvovirus, and Torque teno felis virus. Our findings indicate that comprehensive nucleotide analyses of serum or plasma samples can be used to detect infections with unknown viruses in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Momoi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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A virome sequencing approach to feline oral squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate viral causative factors. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108491. [PMID: 31902496 PMCID: PMC7117531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive high-throughput viral sequencing strategy (ViroCap) was adapted for use with feline tumors. Papillomavirus was not commonly associated with feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma is a good model for HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in people. The virome of FOSCC and normal feline oral mucosa included feline foamy virus, torque teno virus, herpes and papillomavirus, FIV and EBV. Co-occurrence of Epstein Barr Virus and feline papillomavirus-3 was found found in a feline oral squamous cell carcinoma sample.
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) may be the best naturally-occurring model of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC can be broadly divided into human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cancers and HPV-positive cancers where HPV is the causative agent. Previous studies in FOSCC have used both species-specific and species-nonspecific PCR primers that may be insensitive to the detection of PVs and other viruses that may be divergent from known sequences. ViroCap is a targeted capture and next generation sequencing tool that was designed to identify all known vertebrate DNA and RNA viruses. In this study we used a metagenomic approach using ViroCap for DNA viruses in 20 FOSCC, 9 normal feline oral mucosal, and 8 suspected PV positive control samples. We tested the hypothesis that viruses would be enriched in FOSCC compared to normal oral mucosa. The virome of the FOSCC and normal feline oral mucosa consisted of feline foamy virus in 7/20 and 2/9 (35% and 22%), feline torque teno virus in 2/20 and 0/9 (10% and 0%), alphaherpesvirus in 2/10 and 0/9 (10% and 0%), FIV (0% and 22%), Epstein-Barr virus in 1/20 and 0/9 (5% and 0%) and feline papillomavirus in 1/20 and 0/9 samples (5% and 0% respectively). Felis catus papillomavirus-3 was found in 1 of 20 FOSCC samples. A virus was not associated consistently with FOSCC. If PVs have a role in FOSCC it is at most a supplementary or uncommon role. FOSCC appears most closely related to HPV-negative HNSCC. Future research on FOSCC should focus on identifying genetic and environmental causes.
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Zhang Z, Dai W, Dai D. Molecular characterization of pigeon torque teno virus (PTTV) in Jiangsu province. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 69:10-18. [PMID: 28527409 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The torque teno virus (TTV) is a recently discovered DNA virus that has been detected in many different hosts, including humans, livestock and poultry. To date, there is no report of pigeon TTV (PTTV) from anywhere in the world. To investigate the distribution of PTTV in pigeons from the eastern Chinese province of Jiangsu and characterize their genomes, we employed PCR to detect PTTV in 144 samples collected from 6 pigeon plants in Jiangsu province, amplify complete genomes from representative samples and analyze genetic characteristics using bioinformatics. The results demonstrated that 71.5% (103/144) of samples were PTTV positive. The rate of sequence homology among the six PTTV complete genomes obtained from Jiangsu province ranged from 99.7% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that PTTV genomes had a high degree of genetic similarity and were similar to chicken anemia virus that also had poultry as a host. Although with the same host, PTTV shared distant relationship with PiCV in both complete genome, Rep and Cap genes. The results of this study provided evidence that PTTV could be detected in Chinese pigeons at a high level, the evolutionary process of complete genome, Rep and Cap genes of Anelloviridae family had obvious divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingzhen Dai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zhang W, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li J, Guo L, Yang S, Shen Q, Zhao X, Cui L, Hua X. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel species of feline anellovirus. Virol J 2016; 13:146. [PMID: 27568181 PMCID: PMC5002325 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a novel feline anellovirus strain (named FelineAV621 and GenBank no. KX262893) was detected in two cats with diarrhea. The complete genome of FelineAV621 is 2409 nt long with a G+C content of 56.67 %, including three open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the putative capsid protein (ORF1) indicated that FelineAV621 belonged to a novel anellovirus species inside a clade containing the seal anellovirus, canine TTVs, and porcine TTVs, but was distant from all the previous feline anelloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjiao Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lianghua Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiuguo Hua
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Charest AJ, Plummer JD, Long SC, Carducci A, Verani M, Sidhu JPS. Global occurrence of Torque teno virus in water systems. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:777-789. [PMID: 26322763 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial indicator organisms are used globally to assess the microbiological safety of waters. However, waterborne viral outbreaks have occurred in drinking water systems despite negative bacterial results. Using viral markers may therefore provide more accurate health risk assessment data. In this study, fecal, wastewater, stormwater, surface water (fresh and salt), groundwater, and drinking water samples were analyzed for the presence or concentration of traditional indicators, innovative indicators and viral markers. Samples were obtained in the United States, Italy, and Australia and results compared to those reported for studies conducted in Asia and South America as well. Indicators included total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, male-specific coliphages, somatic coliphages and microviradae. Viral markers included adenovirus, polyomavirus, and a potential new surrogate, Torque teno virus (TTV). TTV was more frequently found in wastewaters (38-100%) and waters influenced by waste discharges (25%) than in surface waters used as drinking water sources (5%). TTV was also specific to human rather than animal feces. While TTV numbers were strongly correlated to other viral markers in wastewaters, suggesting its utility as a fecal contamination marker, data limitations and TTV presence in treated drinking waters demonstrates that additional research is needed on this potential viral indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Charest
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology, 550 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J D Plummer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA E-mail:
| | - S C Long
- Department of Soil Science and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agricultural Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - A Carducci
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Verani
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J P S Sidhu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Jarošová V, Hrazdilová K, Filipejová Z, Schánilec P, Celer V. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of feline anelloviruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:130-4. [PMID: 25724090 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno felis virus (FcTTV) was detected in the cat population in the Czech Republic. A total of 110 serum samples were tested by a nested PCR technique using specific primers, situated in the highly conserved untranslated region of the virus genome. The frequency of feline TT virus in the Czech Republic was found to be 33.63%. Sequencing of PCR product from several virus strains showed that all of them are closely related and belong to the same virus species. Whole genome sequencing of three strains was performed to compare overall genetic heterogeneity of feline TT viruses. One of these three strains showed more that 10% difference at the nucleotide level. Furthermore we didn't find any correlation between FcTTV infection and sex or health status of examined animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jarošová
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Filipejová
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Schánilec
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Celer
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhu CX, Yuan CL, Cui L, Yu Y, Liu RA, Zhao W, Hua XG. Molecular detection of Torque teno sus virus from tissues samples of sick pigs in China. Virus Res 2012; 165:225-30. [PMID: 22361032 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) was detected from different tissues, stool and serum samples of 25 sick pigs. The total prevalence of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 were 64% (16/25) and 28% (7/25), 24% (6/25) were co-infected with both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2. The prevalence of TTSuV infection in spleen is a slightly higher, with positive rates of 52% (13/25) for TTSuV1 and 24% (6/25) for TTSuV2. Phylogenetic analysis of TTSuV1 showed that 21 isolates were distributed into two clusters (genotype TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b), with genotype TTSuV1b was the dominant genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of TTSuV2 showed that the nine isolates shared 80.9-99.2% nucleotide homology with each other, and were distributed in different genotypes (TTSuV2a-TTSuV2f). TTSuV2d was the most prevalent genotype in this study, which contained five Spanish strains and nine Chinese strains, and shared 94.2-96.8% homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Histopathological investigation in porcine infected with torque teno sus virus type 2 by inoculation. Virol J 2011; 8:545. [PMID: 22171963 PMCID: PMC3275549 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is a small icosahedral and non-enveloped virus which contains a single-stranded (ssDNA), circular and negative DNA genome and infects mainly vertebrates and is currently classified into the 'floating' genus Anellovirus of Circoviridae with two species. Viral DNA of both porcine TTSuV species has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of TTSuV with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same species has been documented in the United States, Europe and Asia. However, there exists no information about histopathological lesions caused by infection with porcine TTSuV2. Methods Porcine liver tissue homogenate with 1 ml of 6.91 × 107genomic copies viral loads of porcine TTSuV2 that had positive result for torque teno sus virus type 2 and negative result for torque teno sus virus type 1 and porcine pseudorabies virus type 2 were used to inoculate specific pathogen-free piglets by intramuscular route and humanely killed at 3,7,10,14,17,21 and 24 days post inoculation (dpi), the control pigs were injected intramuscularly with 1 ml of sterile DMEM and humanely killed the end of the study for histopathological examination routinely processed, respectively. Results All porcine TTSuV2 inoculated piglets were clinic asymptomatic but developed myocardial fibroklasts and endocardium, interstitial pneumonia, membranous glomerular nephropathy, and modest inflammatory cells infiltration in portal areas in the liver, foci of hemorrhage in some pancreas islet, a tiny amount red blood cells in venule of muscularis mucosae and outer longitudinal muscle, rarely red blood cells in the microvasculation and infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) of tonsil and hilar lymph nodes, infiltration of inflammatory lymphocytes and necrosis or degeneration and focal gliosis of lymphocytes in the paracortical zone after inoculation with porcine TTSuV2-containing tissue homogenate. Conclusions Analysis of these presentations revealed that porcine TTSuV2 was readily transmitted to TTSuV-negative swine and that infection was associated with characteristic pathologic changes in specific pathogen-free piglets inoculated with porcine TTSuV2. Those results indicated no markedly histopathological changes happened in those parenchymatous organs, especially the digestive system and immune system when the specific pathogen-free pigs were infected with porcine TTSuV2, hence, to some extent, it was not remarkable pathological agent for domestic pigs at least. So, porcine TTSuV2 could be an unrecognized pathogenic viral infectious etiology of swine. This study indicated a directly related description of lesions responsible for TTSuV2 infection in swine.
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