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Retraction: Establishment and evaluation of the goose embryo epithelial (GEE) cell line as a new model for propagation of avian viruses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305783. [PMID: 38870251 PMCID: PMC11175474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
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Guo D, Zhang L, Wang X, Zheng J, Lin S. Establishment methods and research progress of livestock and poultry immortalized cell lines: A review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:956357. [PMID: 36118350 PMCID: PMC9478797 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An infinite cell line is one of the most favored experimental tools and plays an irreplaceable role in cell-based biological research. Primary cells from normal animal tissues undergo a limited number of divisions and subcultures in vitro before they enter senescence and die. On the contrary, an infinite cell line is a population of non-senescent cells that could proliferate indefinitely in vitro under the stimulation of external factors such as physicochemical stimulation, virus infection, or transfer of immortality genes. Cell immortalization is the basis for establishing an infinite cell line, and previous studies have found that methods to obtain immortalized cells mainly included physical and chemical stimulations, heterologous expression of viral oncogenes, increased telomerase activity, and spontaneous formation. However, some immortalized cells do not necessarily proliferate permanently even though they can extend their lifespan compared with primary cells. An infinite cell line not only avoids the complicated process of collecting primary cell, it also provides a convenient and reliable tool for studying scientific problems in biology. At present, how to establish a stable infinite cell line to maximize the proliferation of cells while maintaining the normal function of cells is a hot issue in the biological community. This review briefly introduces the methods of cell immortalization, discusses the related progress of establishing immortalized cell lines in livestock and poultry, and compares the characteristics of several methods, hoping to provide some ideas for generating new immortalized cell lines.
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Wang M, Chai L, Liang S, Lv J, Yang L, Qu S, Jin M, Li Q, Wang X, Zhang D. Fetal Calf Serum Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Replication of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 1 in Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010080. [PMID: 31936491 PMCID: PMC7019637 DOI: 10.3390/v12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the causative agents of duck viral hepatitis, duck hepatitis A virus genotype 1 (DHAV-1) is the most common virus reported in most outbreaks worldwide. How to propagate DHAV-1 in cell cultures efficiently remains a problem to be explored. Here, we aimed to test the effect of serum type on DHAV-1 replication in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. Comparative studies involved virus culture and passage, observation of cytopathic effect (CPE), virus quantification, and plaque formation assay. From the results of these investigations, we conclude that use of chicken serum (CS) in maintenance medium allows DHAV-1 to establish productive, cytocidal infection in DEF cells, whereas FCS exerts inhibitory effects on DHAV-1 replication, CPE development, and plaque formation. By using a neutralization test, we found that the direct action of FCS on virions is likely to play a key role in inhibiting DHAV-1 replication in DEF cells. Mechanism analyses revealed that FCS inhibits DHAV-1 replication at virus adsorption and reduces extracellular virus yields. The present work may shed light on a new perspective for antiviral agent development, and have provided a virus–host cell system for further studies on molecular mechanism involved DHAV-1 replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-62733348 (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-62733348 (D.Z.)
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Chen J, Zhang R, Lan J, Lin S, Li P, Gao J, Wang Y, Xie ZJ, Li FC, Jiang SJ. IGF2BP1 Significantly Enhances Translation Efficiency of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 without Affecting Viral Replication. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100594. [PMID: 31658691 PMCID: PMC6843311 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a disease characterized by severe liver necrosis and hemorrhage, duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is mainly caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The positive-strand RNA genome of DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element within the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), structured sequence elements within the 3′ UTR, and a poly(A) tail at the 3′ terminus. In this study, we first examined that insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein-1 (IGF2BP1) specifically interacted with the DHAV-1 3′ UTR by RNA pull-down assay. The interaction between IGF2BP1 and DHAV-1 3′ UTR strongly enhanced IRES-mediated translation efficiency but failed to regulate DHAV-1 replication in a duck embryo epithelial (DEE) cell line. The viral propagation of DHAV-1 strongly enhanced IGF2BP1 expression level, and viral protein accumulation was identified as the key point to this increment. Collectively, our data demonstrated the positive role of IGF2BP1 in DHAV-1 viral proteins translation and provided data support for the replication mechanism of DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
- College of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jingjing Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiming Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Fu-Chang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Shi-Jin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
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Wang M, Li Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang D. Effect of fetal calf serum on propagation of duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 in duck embryo fibroblast cells. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:153. [PMID: 31101110 PMCID: PMC6525396 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting ducks. It can be caused by five agents, including duck hepatitis A virus genotypes 1 (DHAV-1), 2 (DHAV-2), and 3 (DHAV-3), as well as duck hepatitis virus 2 and duck hepatitis virus 3. Since 2007, DHAV-3 has been known to be the most prevalent in East and South Asia. So far, the information regarding the propagation of DHAV-3 in cultured cells is limited. In this study, we describe the comparative studies on the growth properties of DHAV-3 in primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells using two different strains: a virulent strain C-GY and an attenuated strain YDF120. The effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) and chick serum (CS) on DHAV-3 replication and the mechanism of the inhibitory effect conferred by FCS were also investigated. Results Following serial passages, both C-GY and YDF120 failed to produce cytopathic effect and plaques. The combined quantitative real-time PCR and indirect immunofluorescence staining methods showed that the two viruses could be propagated productively in DEF cells. Investigation of the viral growth kinetics revealed that the two viruses replicated in DEF cells with similar efficiencies, while the viral load of the virulent C-GY strain peaked more rapidly when compared with the attenuated YDF120 strain. Neutralization assay and time-of-drug-addition study indicated that FCS displayed inhibitory effect on DHAV-3 replication. Analysis on the mechanism of action of FCS against DHAV-3 demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was reflected at three steps of the DHAV-3 life cycle including adsorption, replication, and release. Conclusions Both virulent and attenuated DAHV-3 strains can establish noncytocidal, productive infections in DEF cells. The virulent strain replicates more rapidly than the attenuated strain in early infection period. FCS has an inhibitory effect on DHAV-3 replication, which may be attributed to action of a non-specific inhibitory factor present in FCS directly on the virus. These findings may provide new insights into the development of potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Researchers have generated an array of potential avian antiviral vaccines. However, vaccine and viral complexity, small profit margins, the cost of development and manufacturing, and the small population at risk relegate most avian vaccine use to commercial species. Some vaccines designed for use in nonavian species are used to prevent or ameliorate disease in exotic and companion birds. This article highlights newly developed vaccines that may be used in exotic and pet birds. Information pertinent to vaccine choice and strategy is provided, including disease lethality, species affected, and previous knowledge regarding vaccine safety and efficacy. Other avian species of concern are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jill Heatley
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, College of Veterinary, Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 668 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, VIDI Building 1813, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Susan Payne
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, College of Veterinary, Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 668 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, VIDI Building 1813, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Ian Tizard
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, College of Veterinary, Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 668 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, VIDI Building 1813, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Wang W, Said A, Wang B, Qu G, Xu Q, Liu B, Shen Z. Establishment and evaluation of the goose embryo epithelial (GEE) cell line as a new model for propagation of avian viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193876. [PMID: 29494688 PMCID: PMC5833280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the establishment and characterization of a new epithelial cell line, goose embryonated epithelial cell line (GEE), derived from embryonic goose tissue. The purified GEE cell line can efficiently grow over 65 passages in the M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C. Immunofluorescence assay was used to identify purified GEE cells as epithelial cell line by detecting expression of the Keratin-18 and -19. Further characterizations demonstrated that the GEE cell line can be continuously subcultured with (i) a high capacity to replicate for over 65 passages, (ii) a spontaneous epithelial-like morphology, (iii) constant chromosomal features and (iv) without an evidence of converting to tumorigenic cells either in vitro or in vivo study. Moreover, the GEE cell line can be effectively transfected with plasmids expressing reporter genes of different avian viruses, such as VP3, VP1 and F of goose parvo virus (GPV), duck hepatitis virus (DHV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respectively. Finally, the established GEE cell line was evaluated for avian viruses infection susceptibility. Our results showed that the tested GPV, DHAV and NDV were capable to replicate in the new cell line with titers a comparatively higher to the ones detected in the traditional culture system. Accordingly, our established GEE cell line is apparently a suitable in vitro model for transgenic, and infection manipulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Abdelrahman Said
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
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Li JX, Said A, Ge XG, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jin T. Development and validation of immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line as an in vitro model for the study of mammary gland functions. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:67-82. [PMID: 28918563 PMCID: PMC5809642 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cell line model, which provides a possibility to determine functional properties of the bovine mammary gland. The primary cell culture was derived from bovine mammary gland tissues and processed enzymatically to obtain cell colonies with epithelial-like morphology. The cultures of BME cells were purified and optimally cultured at 37 °C in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The BME cells were identified as epithelial cell line by the evaluating the expression of keratin-18 using immunofluorescence staining. A novel gene expression system strongly enhances the expression of telomerase, has been used to immortalize BME cell line termed hTBME cell line. Interestingly, telomerase remained active even after over 60 passages of hTBME cell line, required for immortalization of BME cells. In addition, the hTBME cell line was continuously subcultured with a spontaneous epithelial-like morphology, with a great proliferation activity, and without evidence of apoptotic and necrotic effects. Further characterization showed that hTBME cell line can be continuously propagated in culture with constant chromosomal features and without tumorigenic properties. Finally, established hTBME cell line was evaluated for mammary gland specific functions. Our results demonstrated that the hTBME cell line was able to retain functional-morphological structure, and functional differentiation by expression of beta (β)-casein as in the bovine mammary gland in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that the established hTBME cell line can serve as a valuable tool for the study of bovine mammary gland functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xia Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdelrahman Said
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xiu-Guo Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianming Jin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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