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Anderson M, Mangogola T, Phinius BB, Mpebe G, Aimakhu CO, Choga WT, Phakedi B, Bhebhe LN, Ditshwanelo D, Baruti K, Mpofu-Dobo L, Othusitse L, Ratsoma T, Gaolathe T, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence among HIV-Uninfected People Living in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas in Botswana. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1207. [PMID: 38930589 PMCID: PMC11205512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: we determined the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) amongst people without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in rural and peri-urban areas in Botswana. (2) Methods: We screened for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from archived plasma samples of people without HIV (n = 2135) randomly selected from the Botswana Combination Prevention Program (BCPP) (2013-2018). We sequenced 415 bp of the surface region using BigDye sequencing chemistry. (3) Results: The median age of participants was 31 (IQR: 24-46) and 64% (1360/2135) were female. HBV prevalence was 4.0% (86/2135) [95% CI: 3.3-4.9]) and ranged between 0-9.2%. Older participants (>35 years) had increased odds of HBV positivity (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: [1.32-2.86]; p = 0.001). Thirteen samples were sequenced and seven (53.8%) were genotype A, three (23.1%) were genotype D and genotype E each. Clinically significant mutations were identified in the surface region, but no classic drug resistance mutations were identified. (4) Conclusions: We report an HBV prevalence of 4.0% (95% CI 3.3-4.9) among people without HIV in rural and peri-urban communities in Botswana with varying rates in different communities. A comprehensive national HBV program is required in Botswana to guide HBV prevention, testing and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motswedi Anderson
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4013, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Thabo Mangogola
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Pan-African University (Life and Earth Sciences Institute), University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria;
| | - Bonolo B. Phinius
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gorata Mpebe
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Christopher O. Aimakhu
- Pan-African University (Life and Earth Sciences Institute), University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria;
| | - Wonderful T. Choga
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Basetsana Phakedi
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Lynnette N. Bhebhe
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Doreen Ditshwanelo
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Kabo Baruti
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Linda Mpofu-Dobo
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Lebogang Othusitse
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Tsholofelo Ratsoma
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tendani Gaolathe
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021. Cureus 2021; 13:e19152. [PMID: 34733599 PMCID: PMC8557099 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global healthcare burden in the form of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. There is no definite cure for the virus and even though extensive vaccination programs have reduced the burden of liver disease in the future population, treatment options to eradicate the virus from the host are still lacking. In this review, we discuss in detail current updates on the structure and applied biology of the virus in the host, examine updates to current treatment and explore novel and state-of-the-art therapeutics in the pipeline for management of chronic HBV. Furthermore, we also specifically review clinical updates on HBV-related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Current treatments for chronic HBV infection have seen important updates in the form of considerations for treating patients in the immune tolerant phase and some clarity on end points for treatment and decisions on finite therapy with nucleos(t)ide inhibitors. Ongoing cutting-edge research on HBV biology has helped us identify novel target areas in the life cycle of the virus for application of new therapeutics. Due to improvements in the area of genomics, the hope for therapeutic vaccines, vector-based treatments and focused management aimed at targeting host integration of the virus and thereby a total cure could become a reality in the near future. Newer clinical prognostic tools have improved our understanding of timing of specific treatment options for the catastrophic syndrome of ACLF secondary to reactivation of HBV. In this review, we discuss in detail pertinent updates regarding virus biology and novel therapeutic targets with special focus on the appraisal of prognostic scores and treatment options in HBV-related ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
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Molecular and Serological Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Positive Samples with Very Low or Undetectable Levels of HBV Surface Antigen. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102053. [PMID: 34696483 PMCID: PMC8537069 DOI: 10.3390/v13102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaps remain in the detection of nucleic acid test (NAT) yield and occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) by current HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. The lack of detection may be due to HBsAg levels below current assay detection limits, mutations affecting HBsAg assays or HBsAg levels, or the masking of HBsAg by antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). In this study, we evaluate the incremental detection of NAT yield and OBI from five diverse geographic areas by an improved sensitivity HBsAg assay and characterize the samples relative to the viral load, anti-HBs status, and PreS1-S2-S mutations. Included is a comparison population with HBV DNA levels comparable to OBI, but with readily detectable HBsAg (High Surface-Low DNA, HSLD). METHODS A total of 347 samples collected from the USA, South Africa, Spain, Cameroon, Vietnam, and Cote D'Ivoire representing NAT yield (HBsAg(-), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc)(-), HBV DNA(+), N = 131), OBI (HBsAg(-), anti-HBc(+), HBV DNA(+), N = 188), and HSLD (HBsAg(+), anti-HBc(+), HBV DNA(+), N = 28) were tested with ARCHITECT HBsAg NEXT (HBsAgNx) (sensitivity 0.005 IU/mL). The sequencing of the PreS1-S2-S genes from a subset of 177 samples was performed to determine the genotype and assess amino acid variability, particularly in anti-HBs(+) samples. RESULTS HBsAgNx detected 44/131 (33.6%) NAT yield and 42/188 (22.3%) OBI samples. Mean HBV DNA levels for NAT yield and OBI samples were lower in HBsAgNx(-) (50.3 and 25.9 IU/mL) than in HBsAgNx(+) samples (384.1 and 139.5 IU/mL). Anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL was present in 28.6% HBsAgNx(+) and 45.2% HBsAgNx(-) OBI, and in 3.6% HSLD samples. The genotypes were A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F, and H. There was no significant difference between HBsAgNx(-) and HBsAgNx(+) in the proportion of samples harboring substitutions or in the mean number of substitutions per sample in PreS1, PreS2, or S for the NAT yield or OBI (p range: 0.1231 to >0.9999). A total of 21/27 (77.8%) of HBsAgNx(+) OBI carried S escape mutations, insertions, or stop codons. HSLD had more PreS1 and fewer S substitutions compared to both HBsAgNx(-) and HBsAgNx(+) OBI. Mutations/deletions associated with impaired HBsAg secretion were observed in the OBI group. CONCLUSIONS HBsAgNx provides the improved detection of NAT yield and OBI samples. Samples that remain undetected by HBsAgNx have exceptionally low HBsAg levels below the assay detection limit, likely due to low viremia or the suppression of HBsAg expression by host and viral factors.
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Olagbenro M, Anderson M, Gaseitsiwe S, Powell EA, Gededzha MP, Selabe SG, Blackard JT. In silico analysis of mutations associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Africa. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3075-3084. [PMID: 34468889 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus (OBI) infection is defined by the presence of viral DNA in the liver and/or serum in absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). While multiple studies have identified mutations that are associated with OBI, only a small portion of these mutations have been functionally characterized in vitro. Using complementary in silico approaches, the effects of OBI-associated amino acid mutations on HBV protein function in HBV/HIV-positive ART-naïve South Africans were evaluated. Two OBI-associated mutations in the PreS1 region, one in the PreS2 region, and seven in the surface region of subgenotype A1 sequences were identified as deleterious. In subgenotype A2 sequences, 11 OBI-associated mutations in the PreS1 region, seven in the PreS2 region, and 31 in the surface region were identified as deleterious. In the polymerase region, 14 OBI-associated mutations in subgenotype A1 and 71 OBI-associated mutations in subgenotype A2 were identified as deleterious. This study utilized in silico approaches to characterize the likely impact of OBI-associated mutations on viral function, thereby identifying and prioritizing candidates and reducing the significant cost associated with functional studies that are essential for mechanistic studies of the OBI phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Olagbenro
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | | | | | - Eleanor A Powell
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maemu P Gededzha
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Selokela G Selabe
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA. .,HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Chen Z, Eggerman TL, Bocharov AV, Baranova IN, Vishnyakova TG, Patterson AP. APOBEC3-induced mutation of the hepatitis virus B DNA genome occurs during its viral RNA reverse transcription into (-)-DNA. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100889. [PMID: 34181944 PMCID: PMC8321922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3s are innate single-stranded DNA cytidine-to-uridine deaminases that catalyze mutations in both pathogen and human genomes with significant roles in human disease. However, how APOBEC3s mutate a single-stranded DNA that is available momentarily during DNA transcription or replication in vivo remains relatively unknown. In this study, utilizing hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral mutations, we evaluated the mutational characteristics of individual APOBEC3s with reference to the HBV replication process through HBV whole single-strand (-)-DNA genome mutation analyses. We found that APOBEC3s induced C-to-T mutations from the HBV reverse transcription start site continuing through the whole (-)-DNA transcript to the termination site with variable efficiency, in an order of A3B >> A3G > A3H-II or A3C. A3B had a 3-fold higher mutation efficiency than A3H-II or A3C with up to 65% of all HBV genomic cytidines being converted into uridines in a single mutation event, consistent with the A3B localized hypermutation signature in cancer, namely, kataegis. On the other hand, A3C expression led to a 3-fold higher number of mutation-positive HBV genome clones, although each individual clone had a lower number of C-to-T mutations. Like A3B, A3C preferred both 5'-TC and 5'-CC sequences, but to a lesser degree. The APOBEC3-induced HBV mutations were predominantly detected in the HBV rcDNA but were not detectable in other intermediates including HBV cccDNA and pgRNA by primer extension of their PCR amplification products. These data demonstrate that APOBEC3-induced HBV genome mutations occur predominantly when the HBV RNA genome was reversely transcribed into (-)-DNA in the viral capsid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L Eggerman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander V Bocharov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina N Baranova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tatyana G Vishnyakova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy P Patterson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Yuan S, Liao G, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Wang K, Xiao W, Jia C, Dong M, Sun N, Walch A, Xu P, Zhang J, Deng Q, Hu R. Translatomic profiling reveals novel self-restricting virus-host interactions during HBV infection. J Hepatol 2021; 75:74-85. [PMID: 33621634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS HBV remains a global threat to human health. It remains incompletely understood how HBV self-restricts in the host during most adult infections. Thus, we performed multi-omics analyses to systematically interrogate HBV-host interactions and the life cycle of HBV. METHODS RNA-sequencing and ribosome profiling were conducted with cell-based models for HBV replication and gene expression. The novel translational events or products hereby detected were then characterized, and functionally assessed in both cell and mouse models. Moreover, quasi-species analyses of HBV subpopulations were conducted with patients at immune tolerance or activation phases, using next- or third-generation sequencing. RESULTS We identified EnhI-SL (Enhancer I-stem loop) as a new cis element in the HBV genome; mutations disrupting EnhI-SL were found to elevate viral polymerase expression. Furthermore, while re-discovering HpZ/P', a previously under-explored isoform of HBV polymerase, we also identified HBxZ, a novel short isoform of HBX. Having confirmed their existence, we functionally characterized them as potent suppressors of HBV gene expression and genome replication. Mechanistically, HpZ/P' was found to repress HBV gene expression partially by interacting with, and sequestering SUPV3L1. Activation of the host immune system seemed to reduce the abundance of HBV mutants deficient in HpZ/P' or with disruptions in EnhI-SL. Finally, SRSF2, a host RNA spliceosome protein that is downregulated by HBV, was found to promote the splicing of viral pre-genomic RNA and HpZ/P' biogenesis. CONCLUSION This study has identified multiple self-restricting HBV-host interactions. In particular, SRSF2-HpZ/P' appeared to constitute another negative feedback mechanism in the HBV life cycle. Targeting host splicing machinery might thus represent a strategy to intervene in HBV-host interactions. LAY SUMMARY There remain many unknowns about the natural history of HBV infection in adults. Herein, we identified new HBV-host mechanisms which could be responsible for self-restricting infections. Targeting these mechanisms could be a promising strategy for the treatment of HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Menghuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Caiwei Jia
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Minhui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advance Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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7
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Lost Small Envelope Protein Expression from Naturally Occurring PreS1 Deletion Mutants of Hepatitis B Virus Is Often Accompanied by Increased HBx and Core Protein Expression as Well as Genome Replication. J Virol 2021; 95:e0066021. [PMID: 33910956 PMCID: PMC8223946 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00660-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcribes coterminal mRNAs of 0.7 to 3.5 kb from the 3.2-kb covalently closed circular DNA, with the 2.1-kb RNA being most abundant. The 0.7-kb RNA produces HBx protein, a transcriptional transactivator, while the 3.5-kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) drives core and P protein translation as well as genome replication. The large (L) and small (S) envelope proteins are translated from the 2.4-kb and 2.1-kb RNAs, respectively, with the majority of the S protein being secreted as noninfectious subviral particles and detected as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). pgRNA transcription could inhibit transcription of subgenomic RNAs. The present study characterized naturally occurring in-frame deletions in the 3' preS1 region, which not only codes for L protein but also serves as the promoter for 2.1-kb RNA. The human hepatoma cell line Huh7 was transiently transfected with subgenomic expression constructs for envelope (and HBx) proteins, dimeric constructs, or constructs mimicking covalently closed circular DNA. The results confirmed lost 2.1-kb RNA transcription and HBsAg production from many deletion mutants, accompanied by increases in other (especially 2.4-kb) RNAs, intracellular HBx and core proteins, and replicative DNA but impaired virion and L protein secretion. The highest intracellular L protein levels were achieved by mutants that had residual S protein expression or retained the matrix domain in L protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of a high replicating deletion mutant suggested that increased HBx protein expression and blocked virion secretion both contributed to the high replication phenotype. Our findings could help explain why such deletions are selected at a late stage of chronic HBV infection and how they contribute to viral pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Expression of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and overproduction of HBsAg by wild-type HBV are implicated in the induction of immune tolerance to achieve chronic infection. How HBV survives the subsequent immune clearance phase remains incompletely understood. Our previous characterization of core promoter mutations to reduce HBeAg production revealed the ability of the 3.5-kb pgRNA to diminish transcription of coterminal RNAs of 2.4 kb, 2.1 kb, and 0.7 kb. The later stage of chronic HBV infection often selects for in-frame deletions in the preS region. Here, we found that many 3' preS1 deletions prevented transcription of the 2.1-kb RNA for HBsAg production, which was often accompanied by increases in intracellular 3.5-, 0.7-, and especially 2.4-kb RNAs, HBx and core proteins, and replicative DNA but lost virion secretion. These findings established the biological consequences of preS1 deletions, thus shedding light on why they are selected and how they contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Epidemiological Genetic Study for Novel World Records of Hepatitis B Virus Strains Detected by DNA Sequences in the South of Iraq/Al-Basrah Province. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Fu S, Yuan Q, Wang Q, Xia N, Wen Y, Li J, Tong S. Role of Small Envelope Protein in Sustaining the Intracellular and Extracellular Levels of Hepatitis B Virus Large and Middle Envelope Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:613. [PMID: 33918367 PMCID: PMC8065445 DOI: 10.3390/v13040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses co-terminal large (L), middle (M), and small (S) envelope proteins. S protein drives virion and subviral particle secretion, whereas L protein inhibits subviral particle secretion but coordinates virion morphogenesis. We previously found that preventing S protein expression from a subgenomic construct eliminated M protein. The present study further examined impact of S protein on L and M proteins. Mutations were introduced to subgenomic construct of genotype A or 1.1 mer replication construct of genotype A or D, and viral proteins were analyzed from transfected Huh7 cells. Mutating S gene ATG to prevent expression of full-length S protein eliminated M protein, reduced intracellular level of L protein despite its blocked secretion, and generated a truncated S protein through translation initiation from a downstream ATG. Truncated S protein was secretion deficient and could inhibit secretion of L, M, S proteins from wild-type constructs. Providing full-length S protein in trans rescued L protein secretion and increased its intracellular level from mutants of lost S gene ATG. Lost core protein expression reduced all the three envelope proteins. In conclusion, full-length S protein could sustain intracellular and extracellular L and M proteins, while truncated S protein could block subviral particle secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuwen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Q.Y.); (N.X.)
| | - Qianru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Q.Y.); (N.X.)
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jisu Li
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Shuping Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
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10
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Li J, Li J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Wu J, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Xia NS, Zhang J, Tong S. Naturally occurring 5' preS1 deletions markedly enhance replication and infectivity of HBV genotype B and genotype C. Gut 2021; 70:575-584. [PMID: 32571971 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deletion of 15-nucleotide or 18-nucleotide (nt) covering preS1 ATG frequently arises during chronic infection with HBV genotypes B and C. Since the second ATG is 33nt downstream, they truncate large (L) envelope protein by 11 residues like wild-type genotype D. This study characterised their functional consequences. METHODS HBV genomes with or without deletion were amplified from a patient with advanced liver fibrosis and assembled into replication competent 1.1mer construct. Deletion, insertion or point mutation was introduced to additional clones of different genotypes. Viral particles concentrated from transfected HepG2 cells were inoculated to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)-reconstituted HepG2 (HepG2/NTCP) cells or differentiated HepaRG cells, and HBV RNA, DNA, proteins were monitored. RESULTS From transfected HepG2 cells, the 15-nt and 18-nt deletions increased HBV RNA, replicative DNA and extracellular virions. When same number of viral particles was inoculated to HepG2/NTCP cells, the deletion mutants showed higher infectivity. Conversely, HBV infectivity was diminished by putting back the 18nt into naturally occurring genotype C deletion mutants and by adding 33nt to genotype D. Infectivity of full-length genotype C clones was also enhanced by mutating the first ATG codon of the preS1 region but diminished by mutating the second in-frame ATG. Removing N-terminal 11 residues from preS1 peptide 2-59 of genotype C potentiated inhibition of HBV infection and enhanced binding to HepG2/NTCP cells. CONCLUSIONS The 15-nt and 18-nt deletions somehow increase HBV RNA, replicative DNA and virion production. Shortened L protein is more efficient at mediating HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jisu Li
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Publich Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirong Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Publich Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA .,Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wang T, Qin Y, Zhang J, Li X, Tong S, Zhao W, Zhang J. An antiviral drug-resistant mutant of hepatitis B virus with high replication capacity in association with a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region of viral surface gene. Virus Genes 2020; 56:677-686. [PMID: 32840739 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We amplified a full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from the serum of a chronic hepatitis B patient who experienced virological breakthrough with high HBV DNA titer following adefovir (ADV) therapy. The PCR product was cloned and sequencing of the six clones revealed an isolate of C2 subgenotype. Mutation(s) in the polymerase gene responsible for ADV resistance included rtA181T (all clones) and rtN236T (four clones). The rtA181T mutation caused the W172* nonsense mutation in the overlapping S gene. In addition, all the clones harbored another nonsense mutation in the S gene (C69*) and a 207nt in-frame deletion in the preS1 region. These clones were converted to a 1.1mer construct for transient transfection of Huh7 cells. All the clones were deficient in hepatitis B surface antigen production. Three clones had similar levels of DNA replication. Comparison with a wild-type clone of the same genotype revealed a higher intracellular level of replicative DNA for clone c4, which was reduced by putting back the deleted 207nt, but not by co-transfection with an expression construct for the three surface proteins to rescue virion production. The HBcAg expression of the c4 and c4+207nt clones was mainly in the nucleus. Co-transfection with the L/M/S proteins expression construct did not alter the distribution of core. Clone c4 showed a significantly decreased susceptibility to ADV, a mild reduction in susceptibility to lamivudine and tenofovir, but remained sensitive to entecavir. In conclusion, this is an unusual ADV-resistant HBV isolate harboring two nonsense mutations in the S gene and a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region, but still retains a high replication phenotype, which can provide a platform for recombinant vector construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Jing'An Branch), Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Hepatitis Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Tong
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Jing'An Branch), Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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12
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Trinks J, Marciano S, Esposito I, Franco A, Mascardi MF, Mendizabal M, Livellara B, Arrigo D, Calzetta P, Vujacich C, Giunta D, Gadano A, Flichman D. The genetic variability of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b precore/core gene is related to the outcome of the acute infection. Virus Res 2019; 277:197840. [PMID: 31846615 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of viral and host genetic variability with the outcome of acute infection with hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b (HBV/F1b). METHODS The cohort consisted of 26 patients with acute HBV/F1b infection who exhibit different outcomes: spontaneous resolution (n = 10), progression to chronic hepatitis (n = 10) and acute liver failure (n = 6). HLA SNPs (rs3077, rs9277542, rs2856718 and rs7453920) were determined. The S gene and core promoter/precore/core region were direct sequenced, and this latter region was also ultra-deep sequenced. Mean number of mutations, mutation rate, Shannon entropy, positive selection sites and mutational patterns of quasispecies were compared between groups. RESULTS HLA SNPs were associated with spontaneous resolution or progression to chronic hepatitis, but not with the development of acute liver failure. The mean number of mutations in the S gene was similar among the three groups. Patients with spontaneous resolution had the lowest number of mutations, mutation rates and Shannon entropy values in the precore/core compared to the other two groups. Ten positive selection sites mapped on HLA-restricted epitopes were related to progression to chronic hepatitis and acute liver failure. Mutations T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, C1766T, T1768A G1896A, G2092T and T2107C were associated with acute liver failure and progression to chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSION Highly heterogeneous and complex HBV precore/core carrying specific point mutations, combined with the host HLA background, were associated with a worse clinical outcome of acute HBV/F1b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Trinks
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Marciano
- Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabella Esposito
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Mascardi
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Mendizabal
- Unidad de Hígado y Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Livellara
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Arrigo
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Calzetta
- División de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Vujacich
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Giunta
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Área de Investigación de Medicina Interna, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Gadano
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Immunopathogenesis of HBV Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1179:71-107. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anderson M, Choga WT, Moyo S, Bell TG, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Bhebhe L, Sebunya TK, Makhema J, Marlink R, Kramvis A, Essex M, Musonda RM, Blackard JT, Gaseitsiwe S. In Silico Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Occult Associated Mutations in Botswana Using a Novel Algorithm. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090420. [PMID: 30134551 PMCID: PMC6162659 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B infections (OBI) represent a reservoir of undiagnosed and untreated hepatitis B virus (HBV), hence the need to identify mutations that lead to this phenotype. Functionally characterizing these mutations by in vitro studies is time-consuming and expensive. To bridge this gap, in silico approaches, which predict the effect of amino acid (aa) variants on HBV protein function, are necessary. We developed an algorithm for determining the relevance of OBI-associated mutations using in silico approaches. A 3 kb fragment of subgenotypes A1 and D3 from 24 chronic HBV-infected (CHB) and 24 OBI participants was analyzed. To develop and validate the algorithm, the effects of 68 previously characterized occult-associated mutations were determined using three computational tools: PolyPhen2, SNAP2, and PROVEAN. The percentage of deleterious mutations (with impact on protein function) predicted were 52 (76.5%) by PolyPhen2, 55 (80.9%) by SNAP2, and 65 (95.6%) by PROVEAN. At least two tools correctly predicted 59 (86.8%) mutations as deleterious. To identify OBI-associated mutations exclusive to Botswana, study sequences were compared to CHB sequences from GenBank. Of the 43 OBI-associated mutations identified, 26 (60.5%) were predicted by at least two tools to have an impact on protein function. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use in silico approaches to determine the impact of OBI-associated mutations, thereby identifying potential candidates for functional analysis to facilitate mechanistic studies of the OBI phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motswedi Anderson
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | | | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Trevor Graham Bell
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Bonolo B Phinius
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Lynette Bhebhe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Theresa K Sebunya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Richard Marlink
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Max Essex
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | - Jason T Blackard
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wang ML, Wu DB, Tao YC, Chen LL, Liu CP, Chen EQ, Tang H. The truncated mutant HBsAg expression increases the tumorigenesis of hepatitis B virus by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Virol J 2018; 15:61. [PMID: 29609638 PMCID: PMC5879756 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the emergence of HBV rtA181T/sW172* mutant could result in a dominant secretion defect of HBsAg and increase the risk of HCC development. This study was designed to reveal the role and possible pathogenic mechanism of truncated mutant HBsAg in tumorigenesis of HBV rtA181T/sW172* mutant. Results As compared to wide type or substituted mutant HBsAg, the ratio of cell clones was significant higher in L02 cells stable expressing truncated mutant HBsAg. Injection of L02 cells stable expressing truncated mutant HBsAg into the dorsal skin fold of nude mice resulted in increased primary tumor growth compared to L02 cells stable expressing wide-type and substituted mutant HBsAg. In HBV replication L02 cell lines, the key molecular involved in TGF-β/Smad pathway was also investigated. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of Smad3/2, CREB and CyclinD1 were significantly higher and TGFBI level was significantly lower in cells stably expressing truncated mutant HBsAg as compared to cells stably expressing wide-type and substituted mutant HBsAg. Additionally, after administration of TGF-β1 (increasing TGFBI level), the volume of tumor is obviously reduced in nude mice with injection of L02 cells stable expressing truncated HBsAg. Conclusions The emergence of sW172* mutant may increase the tumorigenesis of HBV, and its mechanism may be associated with down-regulated expression of TGFBI in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lan Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ping Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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