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Li J, Huang X, An Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Xu M, Shan H, Zhang M. The role of snapin in regulation of brain homeostasis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1696-1701. [PMID: 38103234 PMCID: PMC10960280 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain homeostasis refers to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period, which is important for overall health and normal life activities. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance. Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses. Recently, many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders, demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis. Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae. This article aims to explore the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases, highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases. Additionally, it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections, with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueshi Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Gao X, You X, Wang G, Liu M, Ye L, Meng Y, Luo G, Xu D, Liu M. MiR-320 inhibits PRRSV replication by targeting PRRSV ORF6 and porcine CEBPB. Vet Res 2024; 55:61. [PMID: 38750508 PMCID: PMC11097481 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a highly contagious disease caused by Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), results in huge economic losses to the world pig industry. MiRNAs have been reported to be involved in regulation of viral infection. In our study, miR-320 was one of 21 common differentially expressed miRNAs of Meishan, Pietrain, and Landrace pig breeds at 9-h post-infection (hpi). Bioinformatics and experiments found that PRRSV replication was inhibited by miR-320 through directly targeting PRRSV ORF6. In addition, the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) was also inhibited by miR-320 by targeting the 3' UTR of CEBPB, which significantly promotes PRRSV replication. Intramuscular injection of pEGFP-N1-miR-320 verified that miR-320 significantly inhibited the replication of PRRSV and alleviated the symptoms caused by PRRSV in piglets. Taken together, miR-320 have significant roles in the infection and may be promising therapeutic target for PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gao
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangbin You
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengtian Liu
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longlong Ye
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Yang R, Ru Y, Wang H, Hao R, Li Y, Zhang T, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Zhao X. Quantum dot fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip for detecting PRRSV antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:283. [PMID: 38573435 PMCID: PMC10995003 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Current vaccine prevention and treatment approaches for PRRS are not adequate, and commercial vaccines do not provide sufficient cross-immune protection. Therefore, establishing a precise, sensitive, simple, and rapid serological diagnostic approach for detecting PRRSV antibodies is crucial. The present study used quantum dot fluorescent microspheres (QDFM) as tracers, covalently linked to the PRRSV N protein, to develop an immunochromatography strip (ICS) for detecting PRRSV antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies against PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins were both coated on nitrocellulose membranes as control (C) and test (T) lines, respectively. QDFM ICS identified PRRSV antibodies under 10 min with high sensitivity and specificity. The specificity assay revealed no cross-reactivity with the other tested viruses. The sensitivity assay revealed that the minimum detection limit was 1.2 ng/mL when the maximum dilution was 1:2,048, comparable to the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, compared to PRRSV ELISA antibody detection kits, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of QDFM ICS after analyzing 189 clinical samples were 96.7%, 97.9%, and 97.4%, respectively. Notably, the test strips can be stored for up to 6 months at 4 °C and up to 4 months at room temperature (18-25 °C). In conclusion, QDFM ICS offers the advantages of rapid detection time, high specificity and sensitivity, and affordability, indicating its potential for on-site PRRS screening. KEY POINTS: • QDFM ICS is a novel method for on-site and in-lab detection of PRRSV antibodies • Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are on par with commercial ELISA kits • QDFM ICS rapidly identifies PRRSV, aiding the swine industry address the evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- China Agricultural Veterinarian Biology Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Huibao Wang
- College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Gansu Forestry Technological College, Tianshui, 741020, Gansu, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Gansu Forestry Technological College, Tianshui, 741020, Gansu, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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Li W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhao S, Wang M, Zhao R, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xia P. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis of Potential Host Proteins Interacting with GP5 in PRRSV-Infected PAMs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2778. [PMID: 38474030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a typical immunosuppressive virus causing a large economic impact on the swine industry. The structural protein GP5 of PRRSV plays a pivotal role in its pathogenicity and immune evasion. Virus-host interactions play a crucial part in viral replication and immune escape. Therefore, understanding the interactions between GP5 and host proteins are significant for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) control. However, the interaction network between GP5 and host proteins in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) has not been reported. In this study, 709 GP5-interacting host proteins were identified in primary PAMs by immunoprecipitation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were involved in multiple cellular processes, such as translation, protein transport, and protein stabilization. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that GP5 could interact with antigen processing and presentation pathways related proteins. Finally, we found that GP5 may be a key protein that inhibits the antigen processing and presentation pathway during PRRSV infection. The novel host proteins identified in this study will be the candidates for studying the biological functions of GP5, which will provide new insights into PRRS prevention and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yueshuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pingan Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Jiang D, Tu T, Zhou Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Yao X, Yang Z, Ren M, Wang Y. Epidemiological investigation and pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Sichuan, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241354. [PMID: 37779701 PMCID: PMC10533931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) lineage 8 was first detected in mainland China in 2006 and has since rapidly spread to become the primary epidemic strain in the country. In this study, samples such as lung tissue, hilar lymph nodes, abortion fetuses, and blood were collected from large-scale pig farms across 11 prefecture-level cities in Sichuan province between 2019 and 2020 for antigen detection and PRRS virus isolation. The antigen detection results indicated that the positive rate of HP-PRRSV (JXA1-Like strain) was 44.74% (51/114), NADC30-Like PRRSV was 17.54% (20/114), and classical PRRSV (VR2332-Like strain) was 37.72% (43/114). The predominant strain was HP-PRRSV. Positive samples were further inoculated into Marc-145 cells for virus isolation and identification, leading to the isolation of a new JXA1-Like PRRSV strain named SCSN2020. The strain was characterized by RT-qPCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), plaque purification, electron microscopy, and whole genome sequencing. The total length of the viral genome was determined to be approximately 15,374 bp. A comparison of the SCSN2020 genome with VR2332 revealed that both strains had the same discontinuous 30-amino acid deletion on the Nsp2 gene. ORF5 genotyping classified the SCSN2020 strain as sublineage 8.7, with a whole genome sequence identity of 99.34% with JXA1. Furthermore, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the SCSN2020 strain in 28-day-old piglets and observed persistent fever from day 4 to day 10, weight loss started on day 7, dyspnea and severe lung lesions began started on day 14. The results of this study highlight the current PRRSV epidemic situation in Sichuan province and provide a scientific reference for subsequent prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Tu T, Pang M, Jiang D, Zhou Y, Wu X, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Lu A, Zhang G, Yu Y, Wang Y. Development of a Real-Time TaqMan RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040279. [PMID: 37104434 PMCID: PMC10141196 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus first appeared in 2017 in a herd of pigs in Liaoning Province, China. The virus was subsequently found in other provinces. Given the potential for this virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of NADC34-like PRRSV is required. The virus' ORF5 gene was artificially synthesized based on a Chinese reference strain, and specific primers/probes for the ORF5 gene were designed. Then, the amplified target fragment was cloned into the pMD19-T vector, and a series of diluted recombinant plasmids were used to generate a standard curve. An optimized real-time TaqMan RT-PCR method was established. The method was highly specific for NADC34-like PRRSV, without cross-reactions with other non-targeted pig viruses. The detection limit of this assay was 101 copies/μL. The method had an efficiency of 98.8%, a squared regression value (R2) of 0.999, and showed a linear range of 103-108 copies/μL of DNA per reaction. This method was shown to be analytically specific and sensitive with a low intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (<1.40%). A total of 321 clinical samples were tested using the established method, and four were shown to be positive (1.24%). This study confirmed the existence of NADC34-like PRRSV and HP-PRRSV co-infection in Sichuan and provided a promising alternative tool for the rapid detection of NADC34-like PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Maonan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xulong Wu
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Research Progress on Glycoprotein 5 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050813. [PMID: 36899670 PMCID: PMC10000246 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is a glycosylated envelope protein encoded by the PRRSV ORF5, which has good immunogenicity and can induce the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, study of GP5 protein is of great significance in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of PRRSV and the development of new vaccines. We reviewed GP5 protein genetic variation, immune function, interaction with viral protein and host proteins, induction of cell apoptosis, and stimulation of neutralizing antibodies. GP5 protein's influence on virus replication and virulence, as well as its use as a target for viral detection and immunization are reviewed.
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Research Progress in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus–Host Protein Interactions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111381. [PMID: 35681845 PMCID: PMC9179581 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the pig industry in many countries. PRRSV is internalized into host cells by the interaction between PRRSV proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades the cells, the host antiviral immune system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the viruses. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate the host machine and circumvent against the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus–host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. Most viruses, including PRRSV, interact with host proteins during infection. On the one hand, such interaction promotes the virus from escaping the host immune system to complete its replication. On the other hand, the interactions regulate the host cell immune response to inhibit viral infections. As common antiviral drugs become increasingly inefficient under the pressure of viral selectivity, therapeutic agents targeting the intrinsic immune factors of the host protein are more promising because the host protein has a lower probability of mutation under drug-mediated selective pressure. This review elaborates on the virus–host interactions during PRRSV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of PRRSV, and we hope this can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of PRRS.
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Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhu L, Deng H, Li F, Xu L, Huan J, Sun X, Xu Z. Establishment of a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against PRRSV M protein. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:355. [PMID: 34798885 PMCID: PMC8602981 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the swine industry globally. Evaluation of antibody responses and neutralizing antibody titers is the most effective method for vaccine evaluation. In this study, the B cell line epitopes of PRRSV M protein were predicted, and two peptide ELISA assays were established (M-A110-129 ELISA, M-A148-174 ELISA) to detect antibodies against PRRSV M protein. Field serum samples collected from pig farms were used to validate the peptide ELISA and compare it with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were (111/125) 88.80%, (69/70) 98.57% and (122/125) 97.60%, (70/70) 100%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. This peptide ELISA could detect antibodies against different genotypes of PRRSV including type 1 PRRSV, classical PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NADC30 like PRRSV, but not antibodies against other common swine viruses. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were 0.967 and 0.996, respectively. Compared the concordance of results using two peptide ELISA assays, the IDEXX PRRSV X3 Ab ELISA and a virus neutralization test, were assessed using a series of 147 sera from pigs vaccinated with the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine. The M-A148-174 ELISA had the best consistency, with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.8772. The concordance rates of the Hipra PRRSV ELISA kit, M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA in the field seropositive detection results were 91.08, 86.32 and 95.35%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSIONS In summary, compared with M-A110-129 ELISA, the PRRSV M-A148-174 ELISA is of value for detecting antibodies against PRRSV and the evaluation of the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine, but the advantage is insufficient in serological early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianbo Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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