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Akhanaev YB, Pavlushin SV, Kharlamova DD, Odnoprienko D, Subbotina AO, Belousova IA, Ignatieva AN, Kononchuk AG, Tokarev YS, Martemyanov VV. The Impact of a Cypovirus on Parental and Filial Generations of Lymantria dispar L. INSECTS 2023; 14:917. [PMID: 38132591 PMCID: PMC10743831 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we found that the spongy moth Lymantria dispar L. is susceptible to infection by a Dendrolimus sibiricus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (DsCPV-1). In the present study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of DsCPV-1 against L. dispar larvae and its impact on surviving insects after the infection. Offspring of virally challenged insects were tested for susceptibility to a stress factor (starvation). In addition, we used light microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to test the ability of DsCPV-1 to be transmitted vertically. We found insect mortality of the L. dispar parents following the infection was positively associated with DsCPV-1 dose. DsCPV-1 was lethal to second-instar L. dispar larvae with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 1687 occlusion bodies per larva. No vertical transmission of DsCPV-1 to offspring larvae was detected, while the majority of insect deaths among offspring larvae were caused by microsporidia (Vairimorpha lymantriae), which was harbored by the parents. The offspring of virally challenged parents exhibited a higher number of detected microsporidia compared to the control. Our findings suggest that the application of DsCPV-1 is effective in controlling pests in terms of transgenerational impact following virus exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy B. Akhanaev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Pavlushin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kharlamova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Daria Odnoprienko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna O. Subbotina
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina A. Belousova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Ignatieva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Sch. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Anastasia G. Kononchuk
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Sch. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Yuri S. Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Sch. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia
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Martemyanov VV, Akhanaev YB, Belousova IA, Pavlusin SV, Yakimova ME, Kharlamova DD, Ageev AA, Golovina AN, Astapenko SA, Kolosov AV, Ananko GG, Taranov OS, Shvalov AN, Bodnev SA, Ershov NI, Grushevaya IV, Timofeyev MA, Tokarev YS. A New Cypovirus-1 Strain as a Promising Agent for Lepidopteran Pest Control. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0385522. [PMID: 37154690 PMCID: PMC10269911 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03855-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Now more than ever researchers provide more and more evidence that it is necessary to develop an ecologically friendly approach to pest control. This is reflected in a sharp increase in the value of the biological insecticide market in recent decades. In our study, we found a virus strain belonging to the genus Cypovirus (Reoviridae); the strain was isolated from Dendrolimus sibiricus, possessing attractive features as a candidate for mass production of biological agents for lepidopteran-pest control. We describe the morphological, molecular, and ecological features of the new Cypovirus strain. This strain was found to be highly virulent to D. sibiricus (the half-lethal dose is 25 occlusion bodies per second-instar larva) and to have a relatively wide host range (infecting representatives of five families of Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Sphingidae, Pieridae, Noctuidae, and Lasiocampidae). The virus strain showed a strong interaction with a nontoxic adjuvant (optical brightener), which decreased the lethal dose for both main and alternative hosts, decreased lethal time, and may expand the host range. Moreover, we demonstrated that the insecticidal features were preserved after passaging through the most economically suitable host. By providing strong arguments for the possible use of this strain in pest control, we call on virologists, pest control specialists, and molecular biologists to give more attention to the Cypovirus genus, which may lead to new insights in the field of pest control research and may provide significant advantages to compare with baculoviruses and Bacillus thuringiensis products which are nowadays main source of bioinsecticides. IMPORTANCE In this article, we describe a newly discovered cypovirus strain that displays features ideally suited for the development of a modern biological insecticide: high potency, relatively broad host range, true regulating effect, flexible production (possibility to choose host species for production), interaction with enhancing adjuvants, and ecologically friendly. Based on an alignment of CPV genomes, we suggest that the enhanced host range of this new strain is the sequence of evolutionary events that occurred after coinfections involving different CPV species within the same host. These findings suggest that we need to positively reconsider CPVs as prospective agents as biocontrol products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy B. Akhanaev
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Belousova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Pavlusin
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria E. Yakimova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Information Biology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kharlamova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Ageev
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna N. Golovina
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Astapenko
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kolosov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Grigory G. Ananko
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Shvalov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Bodnev
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | | | - Inna V. Grushevaya
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin – St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Yuri S. Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin – St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sparks ME, Wang YM, Shi J, Harrison RL. Lymantria Dispar Iflavirus 1 RNA Comprises a Large Proportion of RNA in Adult L. dispar Moths. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050466. [PMID: 37233094 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The spongy moth virus Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), originally identified from a Lymantria dispar cell line, was detected in 24 RNA samples from female moths of four populations from the USA and China. Genome-length contigs were assembled for each population and compared with the reference genomes of the first reported LdIV1 genome (Ames strain) and two LdIV1 sequences available in GenBank originating from Novosibirsk, the Russian Federation. A whole-genome phylogeny was generated for these sequences, indicating that LdIV1 viruses observed in North American (flightless) and Asian (flighted) spongy moth lineages indeed partition into clades as would be expected per their host's geographic origin and biotype. A comprehensive listing of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, as well as indels, among the polyprotein coding sequences of these seven LdIV1 variants was compiled and a codon-level phylogram was computed using polyprotein sequences of these, and 50 additional iflaviruses placed LdIV1 in a large clade consisting mostly of iflaviruses from other species of Lepidoptera. Of special note, LdIV1 RNA was present at very high levels in all samples, with LdIV1 reads accounting for a mean average of 36.41% (ranging from 1.84% to 68.75%, with a standard deviation of 20.91) of the total sequenced volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Sparks
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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