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Kondrashev SL. Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:584-596. [PMID: 35655413 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to clarify whether the spectral properties of retinal photoreceptors reflect the features of behaviour of closely related fish species cohabiting shallow marine and fresh waters. The spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors was compared between two smelt species, Hypomesus japonicus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis. The spectral absorption of the visual pigments was measured using microspectrophotometry. In H. japonicus, a mostly marine species, all photoreceptors contained visual pigments based on retinal and were distributed differently in specific retinal areas. The absorbance maxima (λmax ) of rods and long-wave-sensitive members of double cones throughout the retina amounted to 507 and 573 nm, respectively, but the λmax value of the short-wave-sensitive members of double cones and single cones in the temporal hemiretina showed a significant blue shift compared to the nasal hemiretina: 485 vs. 516 nm and 375 vs. 412 nm, respectively, thus enhancing the short-wave sensitivity of the temporal hemiretina. In H. nipponensis, an euryhaline species, the estimated λmax value of both rods and cones significantly varied between the groups caught in different localities (sea, river or estuary) because of the presence of rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixtures. The long-wavelength shift in rod and cone photoreceptors was observed because of changes in the chromophore complement in closely related but ecologically different species dwelling in freshened bodies of water. Considering the data available in the literature, several putative common opsin genes have been suggested for species under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei L Kondrashev
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Jang JC, Noh GE, Kim YR, Yu YM, Kim JM. Spectral sensitivity and photoresponse in the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus and their relationships with the absorption maximum of the photoreceptor. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1759-1769. [PMID: 31243686 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spectral characteristics of visual pigments are a major determinant in eliciting a response to light. To study the absorption maximum of the photoreceptors and their sensitivity to light in fish, rod outer segments (ROS) and cone cells were purified from the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus adapted to the dark. Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopic analyses of the ROS in the dark and its difference spectra indicated an absorption maximum of the visual pigment at ~ 500 nm, and each eye of 1-year-old rock bream contained at least 1.2 nmol of rhodopsin-like visual pigments. Microspectrophotometric analysis of the cone cell outer segments led to identification of three visual pigments with individual absorption maxima at 425, 520, and 585 nm. Monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) modules with different wavelengths (violet 405 nm, blue 465 nm, cyan 505 nm, green 530 nm, amber 590 nm, and red 655 nm) were constructed to examine the spectral sensitivity and photoresponse in association with the absorption maximum of the photoreceptor. Analysis of chromophore decay upon illumination with each LED at low (27 μmol/m2/s) and high (343 μmol/m2/s) intensities showed the highest sensitivity of the photoreceptor upon illumination with the 505-nm cyan LED, followed by LEDs with wavelengths of 530 nm > 465 nm > 405 nm > 590 nm > 655 nm. Photoresponse analysis of the fish using a video tracking system, in the dark and upon illumination, also showed faster movement of fish with illumination with the cyan LED followed by in the order of green ≈ blue > violet > amber > red. These results indicated that a light with a wavelength closer to the absorption maximum of rhodopsin was more effective in eliciting a response to the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chul Jang
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
- East Sea Branch, Korea Fisheries Resources Agency, Pohang, 37688, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetic & Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, 53334, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Reum Kim
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Young-Moon Yu
- LED-Marine Convergence Technology R&BD Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Jong-Myoung Kim
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Liu DW, Wang FY, Lin JJ, Thompson A, Lu Y, Vo D, Yan HY, Zakon H. The Cone Opsin Repertoire of Osteoglossomorph Fishes: Gene Loss in Mormyrid Electric Fish and a Long Wavelength-Sensitive Cone Opsin That Survived 3R. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:447-457. [PMID: 30590689 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsin genes derived from two rounds of genome duplication. These are short wavelength sensitive 1(SWS1), short wavelength sensitive 2(SWS2), medium wavelength sensitive (RH2), and long wavelength sensitive (LWS). Teleosts had another genome duplication at their origin and it is believed that only one of each cone opsin survived the ancestral teleost duplication event. We tested this by examining the retinal cones of a basal teleost group, the osteoglossomorphs. Surprisingly, this lineage has lost the typical vertebrate green-sensitive RH2 opsin gene and, instead, has a duplicate of the LWS opsin that is green sensitive. This parallels the situation in mammalian evolution in which the RH2 opsin gene was lost in basal mammals and a green-sensitive opsin re-evolved in Old World, and independently in some New World, primates from an LWS opsin gene. Another group of fish, the characins, possess green-sensitive LWS cones. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the evolution of green-sensitive LWS opsins in these two teleost groups derives from a common ancestral LWS opsin that acquired green sensitivity. Additionally, the nocturnally active African weakly electric fish (Mormyroideae), which are osteoglossomorphs, show a loss of the SWS1 opsin gene. In comparison with the independently evolved nocturnally active South American weakly electric fish (Gymnotiformes) with a functionally monochromatic LWS opsin cone retina, the presence of SWS2, LWS, and LWS2 cone opsins in mormyrids suggests the possibility of color vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yu Wang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Jy Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ammon Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Derek Vo
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Hong Young Yan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Chencheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Harold Zakon
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
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Toyota K, Sato T, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Photoperiodism of Male Offspring Production in the Water Flea Daphnia pulex. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:312-317. [DOI: 10.2108/zs170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, M
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto,Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Ecotoxicity Reference Laboratory, Risk Assessment Science Collaboration Office, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, M
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Marques DA, Taylor JS, Jones FC, Di Palma F, Kingsley DM, Reimchen TE. Convergent evolution of SWS2 opsin facilitates adaptive radiation of threespine stickleback into different light environments. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001627. [PMID: 28399148 PMCID: PMC5388470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated adaptation to a new environment often leads to convergent phenotypic changes whose underlying genetic mechanisms are rarely known. Here, we study adaptation of color vision in threespine stickleback during the repeated postglacial colonization of clearwater and blackwater lakes in the Haida Gwaii archipelago. We use whole genomes from 16 clearwater and 12 blackwater populations, and a selection experiment, in which stickleback were transplanted from a blackwater lake into an uninhabited clearwater pond and resampled after 19 y to test for selection on cone opsin genes. Patterns of haplotype homozygosity, genetic diversity, site frequency spectra, and allele-frequency change support a selective sweep centered on the adjacent blue- and red-light sensitive opsins SWS2 and LWS. The haplotype under selection carries seven amino acid changes in SWS2, including two changes known to cause a red-shift in light absorption, and is favored in blackwater lakes but disfavored in the clearwater habitat of the transplant population. Remarkably, the same red-shifting amino acid changes occurred after the duplication of SWS2 198 million years ago, in the ancestor of most spiny-rayed fish. Two distantly related fish species, bluefin killifish and black bream, express these old paralogs divergently in black- and clearwater habitats, while sticklebacks lost one paralog. Our study thus shows that convergent adaptation to the same environment can involve the same genetic changes on very different evolutionary time scales by reevolving lost mutations and reusing them repeatedly from standing genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - John S. Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felicity C. Jones
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Earlham Institute and University of East Anglia, Department of Biological Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Kingsley
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Reimchen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Andersen Ø, Johnsen H, De Rosa MC, Præbel K, Stjelja S, Kirubakaran TG, Pirolli D, Jentoft S, Fevolden SE. Evolutionary history and adaptive significance of the polymorphic Pan I in migratory and stationary populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Mar Genomics 2015; 22:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chang CH, Shao YT, Fu WC, Anraku K, Lin YS, Yan HY. Differentiation of visual spectra and nuptial colorations of two Paratanakia himantegus subspecies (Cyprinoidea: Acheilognathidae) in response to the distinct photic conditions of their habitats. Zool Stud 2015; 54:e43. [PMID: 31966130 DOI: 10.1186/s40555-015-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision, an important sensory modality of many animals, exhibits plasticity in that it adapts to environmental conditions to maintain its sensory efficiency. Nuptial coloration is used to attract mates and hence should be tightly coupled to vision. In Taiwan, two closely related bitterlings (Paratanakia himantegus himantegus and Paratanakia himantegus chii) with different male nuptial colorations reside in different habitats. We compared the visual spectral sensitivities of these subspecies with the ambient light spectra of their habitats to determine whether their visual abilities correspond with photic parameters and correlate with nuptial colorations. RESULTS Theelectroretinogram (ERG) results revealed that the relative spectral sensitivity of P.h. himantegus was higher at 670 nm, but lower at 370 nm, than the sensitivity of P. h. chii. Both bitterlings could perceive and reflect UV light, but the UV reflection patterns differed between genders. Furthermore, the relative irradiance intensity of the light spectra in the habitat of P. h. himantegus was higher at long wavelengths (480-700 nm), but lower at short wavelengths (350-450 nm), than the light spectra in the habitats of P. h.chii. CONCLUSIONS Two phylogenetically closely related bitterlings, P. h. himantegus and P. h. chii, dwell in different waters and exhibit different nuptial colorations and spectral sensitivities, which may be the results of speciation by sensory drive. Sensory ability and signal diversity accommodating photic environment may promote diversity of bitterling fishes. UV light was demonstrated to be a possible component of bitterling visual communication. The UV cue may assist bitterlings in genderidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Ta Shao
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan.,Present Address: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Fu
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiko Anraku
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong Young Yan
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan.,Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute of Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
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Wang FY, Fu WC, Wang IL, Yan HY, Wang TY. The giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, uses blue-shifted rod photoreceptors during upstream migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103953. [PMID: 25101636 PMCID: PMC4125165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catadromous fishes migrate between ocean and freshwater during particular phases of their life cycle. The dramatic environmental changes shape their physiological features, e.g. visual sensitivity, olfactory ability, and salinity tolerance. Anguilla marmorata, a catadromous eel, migrates upstream on dark nights, following the lunar cycle. Such behavior may be correlated with ontogenetic changes in sensory systems. Therefore, this study was designed to identify changes in spectral sensitivity and opsin gene expression of A. marmorata during upstream migration. Microspectrophotometry analysis revealed that the tropical eel possesses a duplex retina with rod and cone photoreceptors. The λmax of rod cells are 493, 489, and 489 nm in glass, yellow, and wild eels, while those of cone cells are 508, and 517 nm in yellow, and wild eels, respectively. Unlike European and American eels, Asian eels exhibited a blue-shifted pattern of rod photoreceptors during upstream migration. Quantitative gene expression analyses of four cloned opsin genes (Rh1f, Rh1d, Rh2, and SWS2) revealed that Rh1f expression is dominant at all three stages, while Rh1d is expressed only in older yellow eel. Furthermore, sequence comparison and protein modeling studies implied that a blue shift in Rh1d opsin may be induced by two known (N83, S292) and four putative (S124, V189, V286, I290) tuning sites adjacent to the retinal binding sites. Finally, expression of blue-shifted Rh1d opsin resulted in a spectral shift in rod photoreceptors. Our observations indicate that the giant mottled eel is color-blind, and its blue-shifted scotopic vision may influence its upstream migration behavior and habitat choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Wang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Fu
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
| | - I-Li Wang
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong Young Yan
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Wang FY, Tang MY, Yan HY. A comparative study on the visual adaptations of four species of moray eel. Vision Res 2011; 51:1099-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Colbourne JK, Pfrender ME, Gilbert D, Thomas WK, Tucker A, Oakley TH, Tokishita S, Aerts A, Arnold GJ, Basu MK, Bauer DJ, Cáceres CE, Carmel L, Casola C, Choi JH, Detter JC, Dong Q, Dusheyko S, Eads BD, Fröhlich T, Geiler-Samerotte KA, Gerlach D, Hatcher P, Jogdeo S, Krijgsveld J, Kriventseva EV, Kültz D, Laforsch C, Lindquist E, Lopez J, Manak JR, Muller J, Pangilinan J, Patwardhan RP, Pitluck S, Pritham EJ, Rechtsteiner A, Rho M, Rogozin IB, Sakarya O, Salamov A, Schaack S, Shapiro H, Shiga Y, Skalitzky C, Smith Z, Souvorov A, Sung W, Tang Z, Tsuchiya D, Tu H, Vos H, Wang M, Wolf YI, Yamagata H, Yamada T, Ye Y, Shaw JR, Andrews J, Crease TJ, Tang H, Lucas SM, Robertson HM, Bork P, Koonin EV, Zdobnov EM, Grigoriev IV, Lynch M, Boore JL. The ecoresponsive genome of Daphnia pulex. Science 2011; 331:555-61. [PMID: 21292972 PMCID: PMC3529199 DOI: 10.1126/science.1197761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Daphnia lineage. The coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that the maintenance of duplicated genes is not random, and the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions reveals that numerous paralogs acquire divergent expression patterns soon after duplication. Daphnia-specific genes, including many additional loci within sequenced regions that are otherwise devoid of annotations, are the most responsive genes to ecological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Colbourne
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 915 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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