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Vedhakrishnan S, de Castro A, Vinas M, Aissati S, Marcos S. Accommodation through simulated multifocal optics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6695-6710. [PMID: 36589586 PMCID: PMC9774842 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the interaction of multifocal patterns with eye's accommodation. Seven patterns were mapped on the spatial light modulator and the deformable mirror of an adaptive optics visual simulator, and projected onto the subjects' eyes, representing different contact lens designs: NoLens, Bifocal Center Distance (+2.50D), Bifocal Center Near (+2.50D) and Multifocal Center Near-MediumAdd (+1.75D) and Center Near HighAdd (+2.50D), positive and negative spherical aberration (±1µm). The change in spherical aberration and the accommodative response to accommodative demands were obtained from Hartmann-Shack measurements. Positive spherical aberration and Center Distance designs are consistent with a higher accommodative response (p=0.001 & p=0.003): steeper shift of SA towards negative values and lower accommodative lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrilekha Vedhakrishnan
- Instituto de Optica ”Daza de Valdes”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, IO-CSIC, Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alberto de Castro
- Instituto de Optica ”Daza de Valdes”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, IO-CSIC, Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Maria Vinas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical school, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Aissati
- Center for Visual Science; The Institute of Optics; Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto de Optica ”Daza de Valdes”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, IO-CSIC, Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Center for Visual Science; The Institute of Optics; Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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The role of retinotopic cues in deciphering the direction and magnitude of monocular dynamic ocular accommodation: A review. Vision Res 2022; 196:108026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Moulakaki AI, Del Águila-Carrasco AJ, Esteve-Taboada JJ, Montés-Micó R. Effect of even and odd-order aberrations on the accommodation response. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:955-960. [PMID: 28730088 PMCID: PMC5515153 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.06.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential effect that odd and even-order monochromatic aberrations may have on the accommodation response of the human eye. METHODS Eight healthy subjects with astigmatism below 1 D, best corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. An adaptive optics system was used in order to measure the accommodation response of the subjects' eyes under different conditions: with the natural aberrations being present, and with the odd and even-order aberrations being corrected. Three measurements of accommodation response were monocularly acquired at accommodation demands ranging from 0 to 4 D (0.5 D step). RESULTS The accommodative lag was greater for the accommodative demands of 1.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 D for the condition in which the even-order aberrations were corrected, in comparison to that obtained for the natural aberrations and corrected odd-order aberrations for the same accommodation demands. No statistically significant differences were found between the accommodation responses under the three conditions. CONCLUSION The odd and even-order aberrations are not helping the visual system to accommodate, because their partial correction do not affect the accommodation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini I Moulakaki
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Del Águila-Carrasco
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - José J Esteve-Taboada
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Robert Montés-Micó
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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Pérez-Merino P, Velasco-Ocana M, Martinez-Enriquez E, Marcos S. OCT-based crystalline lens topography in accommodating eyes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:5039-54. [PMID: 26713216 PMCID: PMC4679276 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Custom Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) provided with automatic quantification and distortion correction algorithms was used to measure anterior and posterior crystalline lens surface elevation in accommodating eyes and to evaluate relationships between anterior segment surfaces. Nine young eyes were measured at different accommodative demands. Anterior and posterior lens radii of curvature decreased at a rate of 0.78 ± 0.18 and 0.13 ± 0.07 mm/D, anterior chamber depth decreased at 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/D and lens thickness increased at 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/D with accommodation. Three-dimensional surface elevations were estimated by subtracting best fitting spheres. In the relaxed state, the spherical term accounted for most of the surface irregularity in the anterior lens (47%) and astigmatism (70%) in the posterior lens. However, in accommodated lenses astigmatism was the predominant surface irregularity (90%) in the anterior lens. The RMS of high-order irregularities of the posterior lens surface was statistically significantly higher than that of the anterior lens surface (x2.02, p<0.0001). There was significant negative correlation in vertical coma (Z3 (-1)) and oblique trefoil (Z3 (-3)) between lens surfaces. The astigmatic angle showed high degree of alignment between corneal surfaces, moderate between corneal and anterior lens surface (~27 deg), but differed by ~80 deg between the anterior and posterior lens surfaces (including relative anterior/posterior lens astigmatic angle shifts (10-20 deg).
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Charman WN, Heron G. Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35:476-99. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Neil Charman
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Gordon Heron
- Vision Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
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Sarkar S, Hasnat AM, Bharadwaj SR. Revisiting the impact of phenylephrine hydrochloride on static and dynamic accommodation. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013. [PMID: 23202387 PMCID: PMC3545125 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHCl), a commonly used mydriatic agent, causes a small but significant deterioration of accommodation. The relative roles of pharmacology and optics in this deterioration, however, remain unascertained. The study determined the combined impact of PHCl concentration (pharmacology) and pupil size (optics) on the static and dynamic characteristics of accommodation. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 emmetropic Indian adults viewed a high-contrast visual target that switched between 67 and 33 cm viewing distance (1.5D stimulus) with their right eye (left eye occluded using infrared transmitting filter) through natural pupils and through 8, 6, 4, and 1 mm diameter artificial pupils. This protocol was repeated once without PHCl and once each with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% PHCl. Consensual accommodation of the left eye was recorded using infrared photorefraction (60 Hz). Results: Relative to no PHCl, the horizontal pupil diameter of left eye was significantly larger (P < 0.001) and the response magnitude and peak velocity of accommodation and disaccommodation were modestly but significantly smaller (P < 0.02 for all) for all concentrations of PHCl tested. There was no significant difference in these parameters across the three drug concentrations (P > 0.4 for all). The response magnitude and peak velocity also decreased significantly with pupil diameter, at similar rates for the no PHCl and the three PHCl conditions (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: The reduction in accommodative performance with all drug concentrations and with pupil diameter suggests independent roles of pharmacology and optics in determining accommodative performance with PHCl. The reduction in accommodative performance is, however, modest and may be clinically irrelevant in Indian eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sarkar
- Visual Optics and Psychophysics Laboratory, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Ni Y, Liu X, Lin Y, Guo X, Wang X, Liu Y. Evaluation of corneal changes with accommodation in young and presbyopic populations using Pentacam High Resolution Scheimpflug system. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 41:244-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ni
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xialin Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Ying Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou; China
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Monocular amblyopia and higher order aberrations. Vision Res 2012; 66:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ruggeri M, Uhlhorn SR, De Freitas C, Ho A, Manns F, Parel JM. Imaging and full-length biometry of the eye during accommodation using spectral domain OCT with an optical switch. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1506-20. [PMID: 22808424 PMCID: PMC3395477 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An optical switch was implemented in the reference arm of an extended depth SD-OCT system to sequentially acquire OCT images at different depths into the eye ranging from the cornea to the retina. A custom-made accommodation module was coupled with the delivery of the OCT system to provide controlled step stimuli of accommodation and disaccommodation that preserve ocular alignment. The changes in the lens shape were imaged and ocular distances were dynamically measured during accommodation and disaccommodation. The system is capable of dynamic in vivo imaging of the entire anterior segment and eye-length measurement during accommodation in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruggeri
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave. Miami, FL 33136,
USA
- Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL,33146
USA
| | - Stephen R. Uhlhorn
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave. Miami, FL 33136,
USA
| | - Carolina De Freitas
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave. Miami, FL 33136,
USA
| | - Arthur Ho
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
- Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South
Wales, Australia
| | - Fabrice Manns
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave. Miami, FL 33136,
USA
- Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL,33146
USA
| | - Jean-Marie Parel
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave. Miami, FL 33136,
USA
- Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL,33146
USA
- Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
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Díaz JA, Fernández-Dorado J, Sorroche F. Role of the human lens gradient-index profile in the compensation of third-order ocular aberrations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:075003. [PMID: 22894475 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.075003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The open question regarding the compensation of the ocular aberrations between the cornea and the lens is currently being investigated. We report additional insights considering the role of the lens gradient-index (GRIN) profile in third-order ocular aberrations, since this profile changes through life. Thus, we have calculated the contribution of that profile to the ocular aberrations with aging by applying the Seidel third-order theory of tilted and decentered elements, and by using a schematic-eye model. The results show the GRIN profile is needed to account for the decoupling of the aberrations between the cornea and the lens because the geometrical changes of the ocular surfaces with aging are not enough. Therefore, the current developments of aging human-eye models, as well as the experimental studies, cannot neglect the changes of the lens GRIN structure through life when modelling mechanisms of the compensation of ocular aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Díaz
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Óptica, Edificio Mecenas, 18071-Granada, Spain.
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Wang Y, Kruger PB, Li JS, Lin PL, Stark LR. Accommodation to wavefront vergence and chromatic aberration. Optom Vis Sci 2011; 88:593-600. [PMID: 21317666 PMCID: PMC3081412 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0b013e3182112d99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) provides a cue to accommodation with small pupils. However, large pupils increase monochromatic aberrations, which may obscure chromatic blur. In this study, we examined the effect of pupil size and LCA on accommodation. METHODS Accommodation was recorded by infrared optometer while observers (nine normal trichromats) viewed a sinusoidally moving Maltese cross target in a Badal stimulus system. There were two illumination conditions: white (3000 K; 20 cd/m) and monochromatic (550 nm with 10 nm bandwidth; 20 cd/m) and two artificial pupil conditions (3 and 5.7 mm). Separately, static measurements of wavefront aberration were made with the eye accommodating to targets between 0 and 4 D (COAS, Wavefront Sciences). RESULTS Large individual differences in accommodation to wavefront vergence and to LCA are a hallmark of accommodation. LCA continues to provide a signal at large pupil sizes despite higher levels of monochromatic aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Monochromatic aberrations may defend against chromatic blur at high spatial frequencies, but accommodation responds best to optical vergence and to LCA at 3 c/deg where blur from higher order aberrations is less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Vision Sciences, State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA.
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