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Abusamak M, Jaber HM, Alrawashdeh HM. The Effect of Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Digital Eye Strain Symptoms Among the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:895517. [PMID: 35812520 PMCID: PMC9256929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.895517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive prolonged use of digital devices without regular breaks has detrimental effects on ocular health and quality of vision. Individuals with chronic eye problems and refractive errors are at higher risk of developing digital eye strain (DES). Correction of refractive errors, adopting healthy practices will reduce its risk. The survey examined the effect of prolonged lockdown on the development and increased severity of digital eye strain (DES) symptoms among the general population. An online survey was conducted in March 2020 on social media platforms in Jordan. Data from 1,460 responders were analyzed. About half of the respondents were between 30–49 years, 28.4% were retired, 21% had chronic systemic illness, and 23% reported chronic eye problems. A rise in the use of digital devices during lockdown was reported by 957 participants, with 33% of them used digital devices more than 4 h a day. The most common symptoms before and during lockdown were headache and neck / shoulder pain have the highest associations (X2 = 280.0, 271.3, df = 4, p < 0.001 respectively). Female gender, existence of chronic eye problems and systemic diseases, and duration of using digital devices were found to be statistically significant factors associated with increasing severity of eye symptoms during lockdown. Not taking enough regular breaks from digital devices showed significant association with blurred vision at distance and near (X2 = 13.03, 10.74, df = 4, P = 0.011, 0.03, respectively). People with chronic eye problems and increased time using devices during lockdown developed new eye complaints three times more than before the lockdown and males were two times more likely than females to have more severe eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abusamak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Public Health, Amman Eye Clinic, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Abusamak
| | - Hatim M. Jaber
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
- Ophthalmology Department, Sharif Eye Centers, Amman, Jordan
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Is Altered Oculomotor Control during Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test Related to Subjective Visual Complaints in Patients with Neck Pain Disorders? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073788. [PMID: 35409472 PMCID: PMC8997387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Subjective visual complaints are commonly reported in patients with neck pain, but their relation to objectively measured oculomotor functions during smooth pursuit neck torsion tests (SPNTs) has not yet been investigated. The aim of the study was to analyse classification accuracy of visual symptom intensity and frequency based on SPNT results. Forty-three patients with neck pain were referred by orthopaedic outpatient clinics where they were required to fill out 16-item proformas of visual complaints. Infrared video-oculography was used to measure smooth pursuit eye movements during neutral and neck torsion positions. Parameters of gain and SPNT difference (SPNTdiff) were taken into the Naïve Bayes model as classifiers, while intensity and frequency of visual symptoms were taken as predicted class. Intensity and, to a lesser degree, frequency of visual symptoms previously associated with neck pain or focal vision disorders (computer vision syndrome) showed better classification accuracy using gain at neck torsion position, indicating cervical driven visual disturbances. Moreover, SPNTdiff presented with slightly lower classification accuracy as compared to gain at neck torsion position. Our study confirmed the relationship between cervical driven oculomotor deficits and some visual complaints (concentrating to read, words moving on page, blurred vision, difficulty judging distance, sore eyes, heavy eyes, red eyes, and eyes strain).
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Tringali D, Haci D, Mazza F, Nikolic K, Demarchi D, Constandinou TG. Eye Accommodation Sensing for Adaptive Focus Adjustment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:7460-7464. [PMID: 34892819 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over 2 billion people across the world are affected by some visual impairment - mostly related to optical issues, and this number is estimated to grow. Often, particularly in the elderly, more than one condition can affect the eyes at the same time, e.g., myopia and presbyopia. Bifocal or multifocal lenses can be used, these however may become uncomfortable or disturbing and are not adapted to the user. There is therefore a need and opportunity for a new type of glasses able to adaptively change the lenses' focus. This paper explores the feasibility of recording the eye accommodation process in a non-invasive way using a wearable device. This can provide a way to measure eye convergence in real-time to determine what a person's eye is focused on. In this study, Electro-oculography (EoG) is used to observe eye muscle activity and estimate eye movement. To assess this, a group of 11 participants we each asked to switch their gaze from a near to far target and vice versa, whilst their EoG was measured. This revealed two distinct waveforms: one for the transition from a far to near target, and one for the transition from a near to far target. This informed the design of a correlation-based classifier to detect which signals are related to a far to near, or near to far transition. This achieved a classification accuracy of 97.9±1.37% across the experimental results gathered from our 11 participants. This pilot data provides a basic starting point to justify future device development.
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Wagenblast F, Seibt R, Läubli T, Rieger MA, Steinhilber B. The Influence of Neuroticism on the Muscle Response in the Trapezius and Frontalis Muscles to Anticipatory Stress. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Objective quantification of mental stress in the workplace would be beneficial for designing work tasks to avoid the negative consequences of mental stress. Methods such as surface electromyography have proven to be sensitive to mental demands. However, there is little knowledge about the muscle response and moderating factors during anticipatory stress paradigms. This study examined whether the personality dimension neuroticism moderates the muscle response to the expectation of an unpredictable electrical shock. Forty-seven subjects underwent three expectation phases, in which they could expect a pleasant audio signal (NoShock) or an electric shock in two conditions (anticipation of the first: Shock1, and second electric shock: Shock2) at an unpredictable moment. The frontalis muscle activity and the upper and upper/middle parts of the trapezius muscle were recorded using surface electromyography. Neuroticism was surveyed using the Big Five Inventory to assign the subjects to a group with lower or higher neuroticism. Shock1 only induced higher trapezius muscle activity in the higher neuroticism group, which vanished during Shock2, while the frontalis muscle showed no significant effects. The results suggest that neuroticism should be considered a moderating factor in assessing anticipatory stress using surface electromyography at the trapezius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florestan Wagenblast
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Seibt
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Läubli
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika A. Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Steinhilber
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Neck/Shoulder Problems and Visual Disturbances Among Surgeons: A Scoping Review. J Surg Res 2020; 247:413-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sánchez‐González MC, Gutiérrez‐Sánchez E, Sánchez‐González J, Rebollo‐Salas M, Ruiz‐Molinero C, Jiménez‐Rejano JJ, Pérez‐Cabezas V. Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:26-40. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sánchez-González MC, Pérez-Cabezas V, Gutiérrez-Sánchez E, Ruiz-Molinero C, Rebollo-Salas M, Jiménez-Rejano JJ. Nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions and cervical complaints: The possibility of a cross-dysfunction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209710. [PMID: 30645581 PMCID: PMC6333362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between non-strabismic binocular dysfunction and neck pain. One hundred twelve participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges and vergence facility. The subjects were classified into two groups: binocular anomalies and normal binocular function. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, visual analogue scale, cervical range of motion, deep-flexor muscle activation score (AS) and performance index (PI). Our results showed that participants with low AS had significantly altered values of lateral phoria (near) (mean = -6.99 SD ± 6.96 PD) and PFV (near) blur (mean = 9.49 SD ± 5.45 PD) against those who presented normal AS (lateral phoria (near) mean = -3.64 SD ± 6.37 PD; PFV (near) blur mean = 12.84 SD ± 6.20 PD). In addition, participants with NFV (near) recovery outside the norm had a significantly lower right side-bending (mean = 35.63 SD ± 8.35 PD) than those within the standard (mean = 39.64 SD ± 9 PD). The subjects with binocular vision impairment showed a diminished response to the deep cervical musculature, with low AS and PI, as well as a tendency to suffer from cervicalgia of more than three months’ evolution and a lower range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Ruiz-Molinero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kardeh B, Ashraf A, Kardeh S. Possible Role of Myopia as a Risk Factor for Mechanical Neck Pain in Medical Students : A Pilot Study. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1287. [PMID: 34466484 PMCID: PMC8343712 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is a common health concern. Some studies suggested a relationship between neck pain and visual activity. We assessed the role of myopia as a contributing factor in the development of chronic MNP. Materials and Methods All medical students at Shiraz University School of Medicine, who were 18 to 22 years old, were invited to participate in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to March 2017. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the average neck pain severity over the past 6 months in order to enroll participants as the case (≥3) or control (<3) groups. Demographic data and medical profile were obtained. After identifying eligible cases, we assigned age- and sex-matched controls, who also met the study criteria. Subsequently, participants completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) questionnaires and were evaluated for myopia severity. Variables were compared between the case and control groups as well as within the case group. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From over 700 medical students, around 150 cooperated. Eventually, 31 eligible cases (and 31 controls) were studied. NDI and NPDS were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were noticed between the groups regarding the severity (P=0.123) and the duration (P=0.417) of myopia. Also, the correlation of myopia severity with NDPS (ρ=0.159, P=0.216) and NDI (ρ=0.201, P=0.116) was non-significant within the case group. Conclusion Our findings have not supported the influential role of myopia in the development of chronic MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kardeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashraf
- Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz Burn Research Center, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Kardeh
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Effect of ciliary-muscle contraction force on trapezius muscle activity during computer mouse work. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:389-397. [PMID: 30430279 PMCID: PMC6373345 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify whether or not an increase in ciliary-muscle contraction force, when the eye-lens is adjusted for viewing at a near distance, results in an increase in trapezius muscle activity, while performing a natural work task. Twelve participants, ranging in age from 21 to 32 years, performed a computer-mouse work task during free gaze conditions. A moving visual target was tracked with a computer mouse on a screen placed at two different distances from the eyes, 25 cm and 50 cm. Tracking performance, eye accommodation, and bilateral trapezius muscle activity were measured continuously. Ciliary-muscle contraction force was computed according to a formula which takes into account the age-dependent, non-linear relationship between the contraction force of the ciliary muscle and the produced level of eye accommodation. Generalized estimating equations analyses were performed. On the dominant hand side and for the nearest screen distance, there was a significant effect of ciliary-muscle contraction force on the trapezius muscle activity (p < 0.001). No other effects were significant (p > 0.05). The results support the hypothesis that high visual demands, during computer mouse work, increase ciliary muscle contraction force and contribute to a raise of the sustained level of trapezius muscle activity. The current study specifically clarifies the validity of the relationship between ciliary-muscle contraction force and trapezius muscle activity and demonstrates that this relationship is not due to a general personality trait. We conclude that a high level of ciliary muscle contraction force can contribute to a development of musculoskeletal complaints in the neck-shoulder area.
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Mork R, Falkenberg HK, Fostervold KI, Thorud HMS. Visual and psychological stress during computer work in healthy, young females-physiological responses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:811-830. [PMID: 29850947 PMCID: PMC6132651 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Among computer workers, visual complaints, and neck pain are highly prevalent. This study explores how occupational simulated stressors during computer work, like glare and psychosocial stress, affect physiological responses in young females with normal vision. Methods The study was a within-subject laboratory experiment with a counterbalanced, repeated design. Forty-three females performed four 10-min computer-work sessions with different stress exposures: (1) minimal stress; (2) visual stress (direct glare); (3) psychological stress; and (4) combined visual and psychological stress. Muscle activity and muscle blood flow in trapezius, muscle blood flow in orbicularis oculi, heart rate, blood pressure, blink rate and postural angles were continuously recorded. Immediately after each computer-work session, fixation disparity was measured and a questionnaire regarding perceived workstation lighting and stress was completed. Results Exposure to direct glare resulted in increased trapezius muscle blood flow, increased blink rate, and forward bending of the head. Psychological stress induced a transient increase in trapezius muscle activity and a more forward-bent posture. Bending forward towards the computer screen was correlated with higher productivity (reading speed), indicating a concentration or stress response. Forward bent posture was also associated with changes in fixation disparity. Furthermore, during computer work per se, trapezius muscle activity and blood flow, orbicularis oculi muscle blood flow, and heart rate were increased compared to rest. Conclusions Exposure to glare and psychological stress during computer work were shown to influence the trapezius muscle, posture, and blink rate in young, healthy females with normal binocular vision, but in different ways. Accordingly, both visual and psychological factors must be taken into account when optimizing computer workstations to reduce physiological responses that may cause excessive eyestrain and musculoskeletal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Mork
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Helle K Falkenberg
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Mari S Thorud
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
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Sánchez-González MC, Pérez-Cabezas V, López-Izquierdo I, Gutiérrez-Sánchez E, Ruiz-Molinero C, Rebollo-Salas M, Jiménez-Rejano JJ. Is it possible to relate accommodative visual dysfunctions to neck pain? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [PMID: 29524355 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between conditions of accommodative visual dysfunctions and cervical complaints. Fifty-two participants were included. Variables were accommodative amplitude, positive and negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative response, and accommodative facility. Subjects were classified as accommodative insufficiency, accommodative excess, or normal. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale, and by cervical range of motion, deep flexor muscle activation score, and performance index. We found the following significant relationships: between NRA and both performance index and left-side bending; accommodative amplitude right-eye with right-side bending and with left-side bending; accommodative amplitude left-eye with right-side bending; and accommodative facility left-eye with both performance index and left-side bending. In accommodative amplitude right-eye, aIl participants showed significant values and greater than those with accommodative excess. In both groups, performance index values were decreased. Greater pain and lower right-rotation were found in participants with accommodative excess than in those with accommodative insufficiency. We conclude that accommodative dysfunctions are related to low performance index, decreased range of motion, as well as greater neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Pérez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Ruiz-Molinero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Morize A, Kapoula Z. Reeducation of vergence dynamics improves postural control. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:22-30. [PMID: 28729073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to investigate the effect of vergence reeducation on postural control, in subjects with isolated vergence disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied the dynamics of vergence in 19 subjects (20-44 years old) using video-oculography (Eye See Cam). On the basis of orthoptic and symptomatology assessments, ten of the subjects were diagnosed for vergence disorders then vergence eye movements were reeducated with the REMOBI method (US8851669, 5 weekly sessions lasting for 35min). Postural control was measured before and after reeducation, postural recording was done in upright stance (Dynaport), with both eyes closed or open and looking a visual target located at 2m distance. RESULTS After reeducation with REMOBI, the visual symptomatology faded away and the stereoacuity improved at least for some subjects; the vergence latency decreased significantly and the vergence accuracy increased significantly. In terms of posture, the Mean Power Frequency (MPF) of the body sway decreased significantly in both eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Considering all subjects together (i.e. healthy subjects and subjects with vergence disorders before the reeducation), the antero-posterior body sway (Root Mean Square A/P) was positively correlated with the visual symptomatology: the higher the visual symptomatology, the higher was the body sway. CONCLUSION The results bring evidence for synergy between the quality of vergence and the quality of postural control. They open a new research line that bridges the gap between neuroscience, ophthalmology-orthoptics and posturology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Morize
- CNRS, FR3636, IRIS, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Zoï Kapoula
- CNRS, FR3636, IRIS, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Gustafsson E, Thomée S, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M. Texting on mobile phones and musculoskeletal disorders in young adults: A five-year cohort study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 58:208-214. [PMID: 27633215 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to examine whether texting on a mobile phone is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities in a population of young adults. In a longitudinal population-based cohort study with Swedish young adults (aged 20-24 years) data were collected via a web-based questionnaire at baseline (n = 7092) and after one and five years. Cross-sectional associations were found between text messaging and reported ongoing symptoms in neck and upper extremities (odds ratios, ORs 1.3-2.0). Among symptom-free at baseline prospective associations were only found between text messaging and new cases of reported symptoms in the hand/fingers (OR 2.0) at one year follow up. Among those with symptoms at baseline prospective associations were found between text messaging and maintained pain in neck/upper back (OR 1.6). The results imply mostly short-term effects, and to a lesser extent, long-term effects on musculoskeletal disorders in neck and upper extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gustafsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Sara Thomée
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Grimby-Ekman
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hagberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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14
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Effect of Direct Glare on Orbicularis Oculi and Trapezius During Computer Reading. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93:738-49. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ciliary muscle contraction force and trapezius muscle activity during manual tracking of a moving visual target. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 28:193-8. [PMID: 26746010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association of visual demands during near work and increased activity of the trapezius muscle. Those studies were conducted under stationary postural conditions with fixed gaze and artificial visual load. The present study investigated the relationship between ciliary muscle contraction force and trapezius muscle activity across individuals during performance of a natural dynamic motor task under free gaze conditions. Participants (N=11) tracked a moving visual target with a digital pen on a computer screen. Tracking performance, eye refraction and trapezius muscle activity were continuously measured. Ciliary muscle contraction force was computed from eye accommodative response. There was a significant Pearson correlation between ciliary muscle contraction force and trapezius muscle activity on the tracking side (0.78, p<0.01) and passive side (0.64, p<0.05). The study supports the hypothesis that high visual demands, leading to an increased ciliary muscle contraction during continuous eye-hand coordination, may increase trapezius muscle tension and thus contribute to the development of musculoskeletal complaints in the neck-shoulder area. Further experimental studies are required to clarify whether the relationship is valid within each individual or may represent a general personal trait, when individuals with higher eye accommodative response tend to have higher trapezius muscle activity.
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Zetterberg C, Richter HO, Forsman M. Temporal Co-Variation between Eye Lens Accommodation and Trapezius Muscle Activity during a Dynamic Near-Far Visual Task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126578. [PMID: 25961299 PMCID: PMC4427187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near work is associated with increased activity in the neck and shoulder muscles, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. This study was designed to determine whether a dynamic change in focus, alternating between a nearby and a more distant visual target, produces a direct parallel change in trapezius muscle activity. Fourteen healthy controls and 12 patients with a history of visual and neck/shoulder symptoms performed a Near-Far visual task under three different viewing conditions; one neutral condition with no trial lenses, one condition with negative trial lenses to create increased accommodation, and one condition with positive trial lenses to create decreased accommodation. Eye lens accommodation and trapezius muscle activity were continuously recorded. The trapezius muscle activity was significantly higher during Near than during Far focusing periods for both groups within the neutral viewing condition, and there was a significant co-variation in time between accommodation and trapezius muscle activity within the neutral and positive viewing conditions for the control group. In conclusion, these results reveal a connection between Near focusing and increased muscle activity during dynamic changes in focus between a nearby and a far target. A direct link, from the accommodation/vergence system to the trapezius muscles cannot be ruled out, but the connection may also be explained by an increased need for eye-neck (head) stabilization when focusing on a nearby target as compared to a more distant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Zetterberg
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans O. Richter
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Richter HO, Zetterberg C, Forsman M. Trapezius muscle activity increases during near work activity regardless of accommodation/vergence demand level. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1501-12. [PMID: 25697148 PMCID: PMC4460279 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate if trapezius muscle activity increases over time during visually demanding near work. Methods The vision task consisted of sustained focusing on a contrast-varying black and white Gabor grating. Sixty-six participants with a median age of 38 (range 19–47) fixated the grating from a distance of 65 cm (1.5 D) during four counterbalanced 7-min periods: binocularly through −3.5 D lenses, and monocularly through −3.5 D, 0 D and +3.5 D. Accommodation, heart rate variability and trapezius muscle activity were recorded in parallel. Results General estimating equation analyses showed that trapezius muscle activity increased significantly over time in all four lens conditions. A concurrent effect of accommodation response on trapezius muscle activity was observed with the minus lenses irrespective of whether incongruence between accommodation and convergence was present or not. Conclusions Trapezius muscle activity increased significantly over time during the near work task. The increase in muscle activity over time may be caused by an increased need of mental effort and visual attention to maintain performance during the visual tasks to counteract mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Richter
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden,
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Effects of Feldenkrais Method on Chronic Neck/Scapular Pain in People With Visual Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial With One-Year Follow-Up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95:1656-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zetterberg C, Forsman M, Richter H. Effects of visually demanding near work on trapezius muscle activity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:1190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hemphälä H, Eklund J. A visual ergonomics intervention in mail sorting facilities: effects on eyes, muscles and productivity. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2012; 43:217-229. [PMID: 21726852 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Visual requirements are high when sorting mail. The purpose of this visual ergonomics intervention study was to evaluate the visual environment in mail sorting facilities and to explore opportunities for improving the work situation by reducing visual strain, improving the visual work environment and reducing mail sorting time. Twenty-seven postmen/women participated in a pre-intervention study, which included questionnaires on their experiences of light, visual ergonomics, health, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Measurements of lighting conditions and productivity were also performed along with eye examinations of the postmen/women. The results from the pre-intervention study showed that the postmen/women who suffered from eyestrain had a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and sorted slower, than those without eyestrain. Illuminance and illuminance uniformity improved as a result of the intervention. The two post-intervention follow-ups showed a higher prevalence of MSD among the postmen/women with eyestrain than among those without. The previous differences in sorting time for employees with and without eyestrain disappeared. After the intervention, the postmen/women felt better in general, experienced less work induced stress, and considered that the total general lighting had improved. The most pronounced decreases in eyestrain, MSD, and mail sorting time were seen among the younger participants of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillevi Hemphälä
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Rosenfield M. Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011; 31:502-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eye-lens accommodation load and static trapezius muscle activity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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