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Yoon Y, Hong SW. The role of pattern coherence in interocular grouping during binocular rivalry: Insights from individual differences. Vision Res 2024; 219:108401. [PMID: 38569223 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Interocular grouping during binocular rivalry occurs when two images presented to each eye combine into a coherent pattern. The experience of interocular grouping is thought to be influenced by both eye-of-origin, which involves excitatory lateral connections among monocular neurons, and pattern coherence, which results from top-down intervention from higher visual areas. However, it remains unclear which factor plays a more significant role in the interocularly-grouped percepts during binocular rivalry. The current study employed an individual difference approach to investigate whether grouping dynamics are mainly determined by eye-of-origin or pattern coherence. We found that participants who perceived interocularly-driven coherent percepts for a longer duration also tended to experience longer periods of monocularly-driven coherent percepts. In contrast, participants who experienced non-coherent piecemeal percepts for an extended duration in conventional rivalry also had longer duration of non-coherent percepts in the interocular coherence setting. This individual differences in experiencing interocular grouping suggest that pattern coherence exerts a stronger influence on grouping dynamics during binocular rivalry compared to eye-of-origin factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosun Yoon
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, BS-12, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, BS-12, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Sang Wook Hong
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, BS-12, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, BS-12, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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Mokri E, da Silva Castanheira J, Laldin S, Landry M, Mendola JD. Effects of interocular grouping demands on binocular rivalry. J Vis 2023; 23:15. [PMID: 37733337 PMCID: PMC10517422 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Binocular rivalry (BR) is a visual phenomenon in which perception alternates between two non-fusible images presented to each eye. Transition periods between dominant and suppressed images are marked by mixed percepts, where participants report fragments of each image being dynamically perceived. Interestingly, BR remains robust even when typical images are subdivided and presented in complementary patches to each eye, a phenomenon termed interocular grouping (IOG). The objective of the present study was to determine if increasing grouping demand in the context of BR changes the perceptual experience of rivalry. In 48 subjects with normal vision, mean dominant and mixed percept durations were recorded for classic BR and IOG conditions with increasing grouping demands from two, four, and six patches. We found that, as grouping demands increased, the duration of mixed periods increased. Indeed, durations of dominant and mixed percepts, as well as percentage of time spent in dominant or mixed state, differed significantly across conditions. However, durations of global dominant percepts remained relatively stable and saturated at about 1.5 seconds, despite the exponential increase in possible mixed combinations. Evidence shows that this saturation followed a nonlinear trend. The data also indicate that grouping across the vertical meridian is slightly more stable than for the horizontal meridian. Finally, individual differences in speed of alternation identified during BR were maintained in all interocular grouping conditions. These results provide new information about binocular visual spatial integration and will be useful for future studies of the underlying neural substrates and models of binocular vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mokri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason da Silva Castanheira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sidrah Laldin
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Landry
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janine D Mendola
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kassim NM, Mohamad WN, Hashim NH. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mobile Messaging Application Among Millennials in Public Universities in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.4018/ijeis.315806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mobile messaging apps are currently a popular method in Malaysia for communicating while on the go, owing to its convenience, reliability, and contact-free feature of mobile application. Fueled by mobile internet and smartphone growth, mobile messaging apps have become a strong force in the mobile app sector, offering users an alternative to SMS-based texting paired with social media elements and enhanced features, such as group chats and photo sharing. The study was anchored using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 theory. A survey with 150 respondents and PLS analysis is used to determine the antecedents of mobile application continuance usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that there is an influence in the usage of mobile messaging apps among the younger generation in Malaysian public university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main implication shows that mobile application among young generations in public universities has become popular. The convenience usage of the internet has turned the world into a global village.
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Gowen E, Jachim S, Subri S, Dickinson C, Hamblin-Pyke B, Warren PA. Collinear facilitation and contour integration in autistic adults: Examining lateral and feedback connectivity. Vision Res 2020; 177:56-67. [PMID: 32977182 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alongside difficulties with communication and social interaction, autism is often accompanied by unusual sensory and perceptual experiences including enhanced visual performance on tasks that involve separating local parts from global context. This superiority may be the result of atypical integrative processing, involving feedback and lateral connections between visual neurons. The current study investigated the integrity of these connections in autistic adults by examining two psychophysics tasks that rely on these processes - collinear facilitation and contour integration. The relative contribution of feedback and lateral connectivity was studied by altering the timing of the target relative to the flankers in the collinear facilitation task, in 16 autistic and 16 non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in facilitation between the autistic and non-autistic groups, indicating that for this task and participant sample, lateral and feedback connectivity appear relatively intact in autistic individuals. Contour integration was examined in a different group of 20 autistic and 18 non-autistic individuals, for open and closed contours to assess the closure effect (improved detection of closed compared to open contours). Autistic individuals showed a reduced closure effect at both short (150 ms) and longer (500 ms) stimulus presentation durations that was driven by better performance of the autistic group for the open contours. These results suggest that reduced closure in a simple contour detection paradigm is unlikely to be due to slower global processing. Reduced closure has implications for understanding sensory overload by contributing to reduced figure-ground segregation of salient visual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gowen
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen Jachim
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sabrina Subri
- Center of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christine Dickinson
- Division of Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Hamblin-Pyke
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul A Warren
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Girelli M. Collinear Motion Strengthens Local Context in Visual Detection. Iperception 2020; 11:2041669520961125. [PMID: 33149879 PMCID: PMC7585897 DOI: 10.1177/2041669520961125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of elongated objects in the visual scene can be improved by additional elements flanking the object on the collinear axis. This is the collinear context effect (CE) and is represented in the long-range horizontal connection plexus in V1. The aim of this study was to test whether the visual collinear motion can improve the CE. In the three experiments of this study, the flank was presented with different types of motion. In particular, the collinear motion aligned with the longitudinal axis of the to-be-detected object: toward or away from it, and the orthogonal motion with a direction perpendicular to the collinear axis. Only collinear motion toward the target showed a robust and replicable empowerment of the CE. This dynamic modulation of the CE likely is implemented in the long-range horizontal connection plexus in V1, but, given that in addition it conveys the time information of motion, there must be a direct feedback in V1 from higher visual areas where motion perception is implemented, such as Middle Temporal (MT). Elongated visual objects moving along their longitudinal axis favor a propagation of activation in front of them via a network of interconnected units that allows the visual system to predict future positions of relevant items in the visual scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Girelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chan YM, Brooks CJ, McKendrick AM. Impacts of older age on the temporal properties of collinear facilitation. J Vis 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 31826250 DOI: 10.1167/19.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collinear facilitation is a visual phenomenon by which the contrast detection threshold of a central target is reduced (facilitation) when placed equidistant between two high-contrast flankers. The neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon originate from feed-forward lateral facilitation between cell layers in V1 (slower) and feedback facilitation from extrastriate visual areas to V1 (faster). The strength of these contributions has been explored in younger adults by presenting the central target and flankers at varying timing offsets. Here, we investigated the effects of older age on collinear facilitation with flankers presented in sync, before, and after target onset, to allow the inference of any characteristic effect of older age on feed-forward and feedback facilitatory mechanisms. Seventeen older and 19 younger observers participated. Our data confirms previous findings of an age-related reduction in facilitation when flankers and target occur at synchrony, but no age difference was found at other timings. Marked interindividual variability in facilitation for the different flanker onset timings was present, which was repeatable within individuals. Further research is required to ascertain the mechanistic underpinnings for different facilitation profiles between individuals. Longitudinal study across an individual's life span is needed to determine whether an individual's facilitation profile changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Man Chan
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Brooks
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allison M McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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