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Jin T, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang H. Circular RNAs: Regulators of endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:313-335. [PMID: 38265445 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is associated with atherosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed loops formed by back-splicing, are highly expressed in a tissue-specific or cell-specific manner, and regulate ECs mainly through miRNAs (mircoRNAs) or protein sponges. This review describes the regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of circRNAs, as well as the differential expression of circRNAs in aberrant ECs. This review focuses on their roles in inflammation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy in ECs from the perspective of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat family, pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt). Finally, we address the issues and recent advances in circRNAs as well as circRNA-mediated regulation of ECs to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of atherosclerosis and provide a reference for studies on circRNAs that regulate EC dysfunction and thus affect atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyu Jin
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
- Hebei General Hospital, Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
- Hebei General Hospital, Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China.
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Yi L, Song C, Liu Y, Li D, Xiao T, Guo X, Wu Y. Down-regulation of long noncoding RNA HULC inhibits the inflammatory response in ankylosing spondylitis by reducing miR-556-5p-mediated YAP1 expression. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:551. [PMID: 37525215 PMCID: PMC10388530 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive systemic disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory response in the sacroiliac joints and spine. Long noncoding RNAs suggest significant actions in the progression of AS. Therefore, a specific lncRNA, highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), was studied here regarding its functions and related mechanisms in AS. METHODS Measurements of miR-556-5p, HULC, and YAP1 expression were performed on AS cartilage tissues and chondrocytes. The interaction between miR-556-5p and HULC or YAP1 was verified. CCK-8, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the effects of HULC, miR-556-5p, and YAP1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response of AS chondrocytes. Furthermore, the action of HULC/miR-556-5p/YAP1 was experimentally observed in AS mice. RESULTS HULC and YAP1 levels were augmented, while miR-556-5p levels were suppressed in AS cartilage tissues and chondrocytes. Downregulating HULC or upregulating miR-556-5p stimulated chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and inflammation in AS. miR-556-5p was a downstream factor of HULC, and YAP1 was a potential target of miR-556-5p. The improvement effect of downregulated HULC on AS chondrocytes was saved when YAP1 expression was forced. In addition, silence of HULC improved the pathological injury of spinal cartilage in AS mice by enhancing miR-556-5p-related regulation of YAP1. CONCLUSION HULC inhibition relieves the inflammatory response in AS by reducing miR-556-5p-mediated YAP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu Yi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - ChangJun Song
- Department of Emergency, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - YuanYuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - DongSheng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - TianTian Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - XuQin Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - YiCai Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 17, Hongqi Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Triska J, Mathew C, Zhao Y, Chen YE, Birnbaum Y. Circular RNA as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis: Are We Running in Circles? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4446. [PMID: 37445481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been paid lately to harnessing the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of non-coding circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The genetic environment that contributes to atherosclerosis pathophysiology is immensely complex. Any potential therapeutic application of circRNAs must be assessed for risks, benefits, and off-target effects in both the short and long term. A search of the online PubMed database for publications related to circRNA and atherosclerosis from 2016 to 2022 was conducted. These studies were reviewed for their design, including methods for developing atherosclerosis and the effects of the corresponding atherosclerotic environment on circRNA expression. Investigated mechanisms were recorded, including associated miRNA, genes, and ultimate effects on cell mechanics, and inflammatory markers. The most investigated circRNAs were then further analyzed for redundant, disparate, and/or contradictory findings. Many disparate, opposing, and contradictory effects were observed across experiments. These include levels of the expression of a particular circRNA in atherosclerotic environments, attempted ascertainment of the in toto effects of circRNA or miRNA silencing on atherosclerosis progression, and off-target, cell-specific, and disease-specific effects. The high potential for detrimental and unpredictable off-target effects downstream of circRNA manipulation will likely render the practice of therapeutic targeting of circRNA or miRNA molecules not only complicated but perilous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Triska
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christo Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuqing E Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Circular RNA circ_0008896 contributes to oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced aortic endothelial cell injury via targeting miR-188-3p/NOD2 axis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:275-287. [PMID: 36940068 PMCID: PMC10167080 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0008896 in Atherosclerosis (AS) by using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human aortic endothelial cell (HAECs). Levels of genes and proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Functional experiments, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, tube formation assays and the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) generation, were performed to investigate the role of circ_0008896 on ox-LDL-induced HAEC damage. Circ_0008896 was increased in AS patients and ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs. Functionally, circ_0008896 knockdown reversed ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis as well as arrest of proliferation and angiogenesis in HAECs in vitro. Mechanistically, circ_0008896 functioned as a sponge for miR-188-3p to relieve the repression of miR-188-3p on its target NOD2. A series of rescue experiments showed that miR-188-3p inhibition attenuated the protective effects of circ_0008896 knockdown on ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs, and NOD2 overexpression abolished the beneficial action of miR-188-3p in the suppression of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and the promotion of cell growth and angiogenesis in HAECs under ox-LDL treatment. Circ_0008896 silencing attenuates ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and growth arrest in HAECs in vitro, adding further understanding for the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Heart Function Examination Room, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yueyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- , Dalian City, China.
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Liu X, Dou B, Tang W, Yang H, Chen K, Wang Y, Qin J, Yang F. Cardioprotective effects of circ_0002612 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury correlate with disruption of miR-30a-5p-dependent Ppargc1a inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:110006. [PMID: 37012879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel mechanistic insights into the effects of circular RNAs (circRNAs) on the physiology and pathology of cardiovascular diseases are under increasingly active investigation. This study defined the cardioprotective role and mechanistic actions of circ_0002612 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). METHODS MI/RI was induced in mice by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery followed by reperfusion, and the in vitro model was established in cultured cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. Interaction among circ_0002612, miR-30a-5p, Ppargc1a, and NLRP3 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and further experimentally identified. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the circ_0002612/miR-30a-5p/Ppargc1a/NLRP3 axis on the cardiac function and myocardial infarction of I/R-injured mice, as well as viability and apoptosis of H/R-challenged cardiomyocytes. RESULTS In the myocardial tissues of MI/RI mice, miR-30a-5p was negatively correlated with circ_0002612 or Ppargc1a, but circ_0002612 was positively correlated with the expression of Ppargc1a. circ_0002612 competitively bound to miR-30a-5p to release expression of its target gene Ppargc1a. circ_0002612 promoted cardiomyocyte viability while suppressing the apoptosis by impairing the miR-30a-5p-mediated inhibition of Ppargc1a. Additionally, Ppargc1a inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and consequently facilitated cardiomyocyte proliferation while suppressing cell apoptosis. By inhibiting the expression of NLRP3, circ_0002612 protected mice from MI/RI. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrates the cardioprotective role of circ_0002612 against MI/RI, which may be a viable target for MI/RI.
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Cheng C, Wang Y, Xue Q, Huang Y, Wang X, Liao F, Miao C. CircRnas in atherosclerosis, with special emphasis on the spongy effect of circRnas on miRnas. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:527-541. [PMID: 36229933 PMCID: PMC9928460 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2133365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to atherosclerotic rupture, lumen stenosis and thrombosis, and often endangers life. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of non-coding RNA molecules, whose abnormal expression has been proved to be closely related to human diseases, including AS. Both the abnormal regulation of circRNAs and the sponging effect on miRNAs would lead to changes in gene expression in the form of epigenetic modification, ultimately leading to the formation of AS. CircRNAs can be used as peripheral blood markers of AS, and play an important regulatory role in the proliferation, migration, inflammation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophage, which are key cells for the development of AS. The in-depth understanding of circRNAs in AS not only provides a new method for the diagnosis of AS, but also provides a new idea for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Huang X, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Circular RNAs in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:71-80. [PMID: 35339453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory lesion of the arterial vessel wall caused by a variety of complex factors. Furthermore, it is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new family of endogenous non-coding RNAs with unique covalently closed loops that have sparked interest due to their unique characteristics and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various diseases. A growing number of studies have shown that circRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AS. In this article, we review the biogenesis, classification as well as functions of circRNA and summarize the research on circRNA as a diagnostic biomarker for AS. Finally, we describe the regulatory capacity of circRNA in AS pathogenesis through its pathogenesis and demonstrate the potential therapeutic role of circRNA for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510630, PR China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510630, PR China
| | - Huijiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510630, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510630, PR China.
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Ma X, Chen Y, Mo C, Li L, Nong S, Gui C. The role of circRNAs in the regulation of myocardial angiogenesis in coronary heart disease. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104362. [PMID: 35337818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. New treatment strategies need to be developed for patients who are neither able to receive interventional treatment nor suitable for surgical blood transport reconstruction surgery. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising approach that can be used to guide new treatment strategies. The goal of these therapies is to form new blood vessels or promote the maturation of existing vasculature systems, bypassing blocked arteries to maintain organ perfusion, thereby relieving symptoms and preventing the remodeling of bad organs. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been attracted much attention for their roles in various physiological and pathological processes. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, especially circRNAs, play an important role in the regulation of cardiomyopathy angiogenesis due to its diversity of functions. Therefore, this article reviews the role and mechanisms of circRNA in myocardial angiogenesis to better understand the role of circRNAs in myocardial angiogenesis, which may provide useful insights and new revelations for the research field of identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Changhua Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Longcang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Shuxiong Nong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China..
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