1
|
Ferreira J, da Silva EA, Silveira RMF, de Sousa JER, da Costa RLD, McManus CM, Façanha DAE. Assessment of the adaptive capacity of Morada Nova ewes with different coat coloration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1411-1419. [PMID: 38602551 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Coat color is a factor affecting heat tolerance in tropical ruminant and a particular coat color can determine which is more resilient to environmental changes. The aim of this study was to measure the level of adaptation of Morada Nova sheep with different coat color by using an Adaptability Index (AI). Adult ewes were used, including two different coat colors of Morada Nova sheep (red and white) with mean of body weight of 28.02 ± 5.70 kg and 31.47 ± 3.41 kg, respectively. Physiology parameters, hematology, electrolytes, acid-base status, mineral, renal functions, metabolites, enzymes, and proteins were measured. AI was designed using a multivariate approach (principal component analysis) to "weigh" the influence of each variable in the animal responses. The variables more important for adaptive aspects of Red Morada Nova were: haematology, electrolytes and acid-base status. The hemoglobin (HG), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), sodium (Na+), oxygen pressure (PO2), glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) were significantly higher in Red Morada Nova sheep and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3), base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide concentration (TCO2) and URE were significantly higher in the white phenotype. The variables more important for adaptive aspects of White Morada Nova sheep were: (K+), total protein (TP), PO2, HG, cholesterol (CHO), rectal temperature (RT) and glucose (GLU). Both phenotypes showed a high adaptation level, however, a higher value was generated for the Red Morada Nova sheep (81.97). This study concludes that both phenotypes of the Morada Nova sheep breed are well adapted to the climatic condition of the Brazilian tropical region using different adaptive mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiel Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Zootecnia Diversificada, Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, SP, 13380-011, Brazil.
| | - Elisomar André da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - José Ernandes Rufino de Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Zootecnia Diversificada, Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, SP, 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Concepta Margaret McManus
- Rural Development Institute, University of the International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Redenção, CE, 62790-790, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferreira J, Chay-Canul AJ, De Barbieri I, da Costa RLD. Compilations and updates on residual feed intake in sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:172. [PMID: 38771474 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for food and the strong effect of climate change have forced animal science to advance regarding new methods of selection in search of more efficient animals in production systems. Feed consumption represents more than 70% of the costs of sheep farms, and more efficient animals can increase the farmers' profitability. One of the main measures of feed efficiency is estimated residual feed intake (RFI), created in 1963 by Robert Koch for estimation in cattle and later adapted for sheep. Animals with negative RFI values (RFI-) are more efficient than animals with positive values (RFI+), with influence on the variables of performance, carcass quality and production of enteric gases. The RFI is the most common and accepted metric of the feed efficiency trait for genetic selection, since it is independent of growth traits, unlike the feed conversion ratio. The purpose of this review article was to present updated literature information on the relationship of RFI estimates with performance measures, molecular markers, greenhouse gas production and feed efficiency, the technical aspects and physiological basis of metabolic in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiel Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Zootecnia Diversificada, Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP, 13380-011, Brazil.
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, 86280, Mexico
| | - Ignácio De Barbieri
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 5 km 386, Tacuarembó, 45000, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Zootecnia Diversificada, Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP, 13380-011, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silveira RMF, da Silva César LF, de Sousa LCO, Costa HHA, Vasconcelos ECG, McManus C, Sarti DA, Alves AAC, Landim AV. Carcass traits and morphometry, typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and non-carcass components of hair lambs: can biscuit bran completely replace corn? A machine learning approach. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:162. [PMID: 38735887 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Biscuit bran (BB) is a co-product with worldwide distribution, with Brazil as the second largest cookie producer in the world with 1,157,051 tons. We evaluate the impact of completely replacing corn with BB on the characteristics and morphometry of carcass of purebred and crossbred Morada Nova lambs using machine learning techniques as an auxiliary method. Twenty male lambs from two genetic groups (GG) were used: purebred red-coated Morada Nova (MNR) and crossbred MNR × white-coated Morada Nova (MNF1). Supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques were used. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between diets (D) and genetic groups (GG) and no simple isolated effect was observed for carcass characteristics, qualitative-quantitative typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, weight of non-carcass components, weight and yield of commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements. The formation of two horizontal clusters was verified: (i) crossed lambs with corn and BB and (ii) purebred lambs fed corn and BB. Vertically, three clusters were formed based on carcass and meat characteristics of native lambs: (i) thermal insulation, body capacity, true yield, and commercial cuts; (ii) choice, performance, physical carcass traits, and palatability; and (iii) yield cuts and non-carcass components. The heatmap also allowed us to observe that pure MN lambs had a greater body capacity when fed BB, while those fed corn showed superiority in commercial cuts, true yields, and non-carcass components. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. BB can be considered an alternative energy source in total replacement of corn. Integrating of machine learning techniques is a useful statistical tool for studies with large numbers of variables, especially when it comes to analyzing complex data with multiple effects in the search for data patterns and insights in decision-making on the farm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13.418-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Concepta McManus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13.416-000 , Brazil
| | - Danilo Augusto Sarti
- Hamilton Institute Math and Stats, University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Aline Vieira Landim
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), Sobral, CE, 62.040-370, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okino CH, Niciura SCM, Giaretta PR, Melito GR, Kapritchkoff RTI, Santos IBD, Rech RR, Minho AP, Esteves SN, Chagas ACDS. Enhanced mucosal response in sheep harbouring β A beta-globin against haemonchosis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13003. [PMID: 37400087 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Association between ovine β-globin polymorphisms and resistance against haemonchosis was described and related to the mechanism of high oxygen affinity βA ➔ βC switch during anaemia, but there are no studies regarding the involved local host responses. Phenotypic parameters and local responses were evaluated in sheep from two β-globin haplotypes naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Morada Nova lambs were monitored at 63, 84 and 105 days of age for faecal egg counts and packed cell volume (PCV) under natural infection with H. contortus. At 210 days of age, lambs of Hb-AA and Hb-BB β-globin haplotypes were euthanised, and the fundic region of abomasum was sampled for evaluation of microscopic lesions and relative expression of genes related to immune, mucin and lectin activities. Lambs harbouring the βA allele presented an improved resistance/resilience against clinical haemonchosis, showing higher PCV during infection. Hb-AA animals presented increased eosinophilia in the abomasum compared to Hb-BB animals, accompanied by higher Th2 profile, mucin and lectin activity transcripts, while the inflammatory response was increased in Hb-BB animals. This is the first report to demonstrate an enhanced local response in the primary site of H. contortus infection related to βA allele of β-globin haplotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Roberta Giaretta
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Isabella Barbosa Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Rubia Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zaragoza-Vera CV, Gonzalez-Garduño R, Zaragoza-Vera M, Arjona-Jimenez G, Ortega-Pacheco A, Torres-Chable OM. EVALUATION OF PELIBUEY LAMBS BORN TO MOTHERS PHENOTYPICALLY SEGREGATED ACCORDING TO RESISTANCE TO GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN THE HUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO. J Parasitol 2023; 109:1-8. [PMID: 36633926 DOI: 10.1645/22-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the resistance of ewes to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) on the parasitologic and productive performance of their lambs during preweaning and postweaning periods. Offspring from 44 Pelibuey ewes classified as resistant or susceptible to GIN were evaluated. During the preweaning period, birth weight (BW), live weight (LW) at 35 and 70 days of age, and live weight changes (LWC) were determined in 73 lambs. During the postweaning period, 20 lambs to susceptible or resistant ewes were evaluated. The lambs were challenged under natural GIN infections and artificial infection with L3 of Haemonchus contortus. The fecal egg count (FEC), hematocrit (HT), peripheral eosinophil count, plasma protein, LW, and LWC were determined. There were no differences among parameters evaluated during preweaning (P > 0.05). The type of lambing (single or multiple) affected the BW, LW, and LWC (P < 0.01). The sex (male) of the lamb had a positive effect on BW at 35 and 70 days of age (P < 0.05). After weaning, lambs of susceptible ewes showed higher FEC than resistant ewes (P < 0.05). The HT of lambs to resistant ewes was higher than those the susceptible group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, offspring of resistant ewes show low FEC compared with those susceptible during the postweaning stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Virginia Zaragoza-Vera
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vectores, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, km. 25, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/a La Huasteca 2ª. Seccion, C.P. 86298 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Roberto Gonzalez-Garduño
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, km 7.5 Carretera Teapa-Vicente Guerrero, C.P. 86800 Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Maritza Zaragoza-Vera
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vectores, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, km. 25, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/a La Huasteca 2ª. Seccion, C.P. 86298 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Arjona-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vectores, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, km. 25, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/a La Huasteca 2ª. Seccion, C.P. 86298 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ortega-Pacheco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil, Apdo. postal 4-116, 97100 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Margarito Torres-Chable
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vectores, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, km. 25, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/a La Huasteca 2ª. Seccion, C.P. 86298 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Landim AV, Peres MCR, Costa HHA, Silveira RMF, Costa AC, Parente MDOM, Mourão GB, McManus CM. Feeding restriction in the pre and postpartum period of hair ewes raised in the semi-arid region: implications on performance and carcass traits of the progeny. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:303. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Genome-Wide Association Study for Haemonchus contortus Resistance in Morada Nova Sheep. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080939. [PMID: 36015059 PMCID: PMC9413486 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the gastrointestinal nematodes affecting sheep, Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and virulent, resulting in health problems and production losses. Therefore, selecting sheep resistant to H. contortus is a suitable and sustainable strategy for controlling endoparasites in flocks. Here, 287 lambs of the native Brazilian Morada Nova hair sheep breed were subjected to two consecutive artificial infections with H. contortus and assessed for fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and live weight (LW). Forty-four animals ranked as having extreme resistance phenotypes were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50v3 chip. A case−control genome-wide association study (GWAS) detected 37 significant (p < 0.001) markers in 12 ovine chromosomes in regions harboring quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FEC, Trichostrongylus spp. adults and larvae, weight, and fat; and candidate genes for immune responses, mucins, hematological parameters, homeostasis, and growth. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; OAR1_rs427671974, OAR2_rs419988472, OAR5_rs424070217, and OAR17_rs401006318) genotyped by qPCR followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) were associated with FEC and LW. Therefore, molecular markers detected by GWAS for H. contortus resistance in Morada Nova sheep may support animal selection programs aimed at controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in flocks. Furthermore, genotyping of candidate genes using HRM qPCR may provide a rapid and efficient tool for animal identification.
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigating the benefits of targeted selective treatment according to average daily weight gain against gastrointestinal nematodes in Morada Nova lambs. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2433-2444. [PMID: 35624382 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate a method of targeted selective treatment (TST) of Morada Nova lambs, based on the average daily weight gain (DWG). For this, 114 lambs in the rainy and 102 in the dry season were randomized into three treatments: control (CT), routine (RT, treated every 42 days), and targeted selective (TST, treated according to DWG). Packed cell volume (PCV) and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) tests were performed. The anthelmintic resistance of parasites was assessed by the EPG count reduction test (FECRT), RESISTA-Test©, and molecular test. For CT, RT, and TST groups, the following results were obtained: mean EPG values were 4665.1, 3063.5, and 3462.1 in the rainy season and 4475.1, 1341.7, and 2863.4 in the dry season, respectively; mean PCV values were 32.1, 33.4, and 32.3% in the rainy season and 33.9, 36.0, and 35.1% in the dry season; mean DWG readings were 0.087, 0.101, and 0.094 kg in the rainy season and 0.102, 0.113, and 0.112 kg in the dry season; efficacies of levamisole in FECRT were 66.4, 24.1, and 76.4% in the rainy and 90.7, 12.4, and 64.8% in the dry season, respectively; in the RESISTA-Test©, the LC50 values were 0.482, 1.926, and 0.117 µg.mL-1 in the rainy and 0.437, 0.851, and 0.045 µg.mL-1 in the dry season, respectively; the frequencies of the homozygous-resistant genotype were 57.1, 71.4, and 40.0% in the rainy and 47.8, 55.9, and 41.9% in the dry season. In conclusion, TST reduced the development of resistance through refugia maintenance, without productive losses, contributing to the sustainability of sheep breeding.
Collapse
|
9
|
Thorne JW, Bowdridge SA, Murdoch BM, Redden RR. Response of Rambouillet Lambs to an Artificial Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1199. [PMID: 35565625 PMCID: PMC9102365 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) threaten the productivity and health of sheep worldwide, prompting the need for genetic selection to reduce GIN susceptibility. Fecal egg count (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV), and various production traits were examined in parasitized Rambouillet sheep and compared to sire FEC estimated breeding value (EBV). Rambouillet lambs (n = 77) were inoculated with 10,000 H. contortus L3 larvae. Subsequently, FEC, PCV, and body weight (BW) were captured at seven-day intervals for six weeks. Lambs were sired by one of two rams with post-weaning FEC EBV of −9% or +9%. Mean FEC differed (p = 0.0132) with lambs from the lower EBV sire (“Sire L”) being reduced, versus those from the higher EBV sire (“Sire H”), being 2135 ± 211 vs. 2912 ± 207 eggs per gram, respectively. Males and females did not differ for FEC, but females exhibited a higher mean PCV than males, (33.74 vs. 29.65%, p < 0.0001). Lambs were shorn ~120 d post artificial infection and wool measurements were captured. A negative correlation between FEC and grease fleece weight was observed. Our results describe the response of Rambouillet lambs to artificial H. contortus infection and suggest FEC EBV can reduce susceptibility to GIN in this breed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Thorne
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (J.W.T.); (B.M.M.)
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, San Angelo, TX 76903, USA
| | - Scott A. Bowdridge
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Brenda M. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (J.W.T.); (B.M.M.)
| | - R. Reid Redden
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, San Angelo, TX 76903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okino CH, Caminotto LCF, Kapritchkoff RTI, Niciura SCM, Esteves SN, Santos IBD, Toscano JHB, Oliveira MCS, Chagas ACS. Comparison of ovine β-globin haplotype sequences and a new multiplex PCR for identification. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109592. [PMID: 34678672 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of pre-adult βC-globin in sheep harboring BB haplotype of β-globin was associated to decreased tolerance to anemia and hypoxia, and consequently, reduced resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection, which is closely related to severe anemia. Recently, a qPCR using hydrolysis probe was successfully developed for β-globin haplotype identification, and association between resistance against H. contortus and presence of βA allele was observed in Morada Nova sheep. Thus, this study aimed to better investigate the differences between β-globin haplotypes and to develop a conventional multiplex PCR, as an alternative to qPCR assay for β-globin haplotype identification. A total of 333 Morada Nova lambs had their blood collected and tested by both qPCR and new multiplex PCR, and 100 % of agreement was observed between the results. Since different primers were designed for such assay development, including different target genes, high specificity of both methods may be also highlighted. Three A haplotype samples were submitted to DNA Sanger sequencing of β-globin gene and compared to sequences previously deposited in Genbank. One nucleotide deletion in intronic region was observed only in AA haplotype of Morada Nova animals, while in BB animals the nucleotide remained present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multiplex conventional PCR for ovine β-globin haplotype identification. The advantages of the developed conventional PCR are reduced reagents costs (less than a half price) and wider reachability, since even labs without real time PCR thermocyclers are able to offer this assay. Therefore, it may become an important tool for sheep producers to improve genetic selection of parasite resistant animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lara Cristina Frizoni Caminotto
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tami Ikeda Kapritchkoff
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Méo Niciura
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Novita Esteves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella Barbosa Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Barbosa Toscano
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C S Oliveira
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - A C S Chagas
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arsenopoulos KV, Fthenakis GC, Katsarou EI, Papadopoulos E. Haemonchosis: A Challenging Parasitic Infection of Sheep and Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020363. [PMID: 33535656 PMCID: PMC7912824 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reviews the challenges about haemonchosis-a significant and common parasitic infection of small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic parasite that localises in the abomasum of affected animals and exerts its pathogenicity by blood-sucking activity, adversely affecting the health and productivity of animals. The first challenge is the uneven distribution of the infection globally, this being more prevalent in tropical and subtropical and warm temperate and summer rainfall regions than in cool and cold temperate and arid regions; hence, this leads in differences in the approaches required for its control. Another challenge is the widespread presence of Haemonchus strains resistant to the various anthelmintics available: Benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones, closantel and monepantel, which makes the control of the infection difficult. The third challenge refers to the difficulty of diagnosing the disease, given that field evidence can provide suspicion about the infection, which needs to be subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests through parasitological or molecular techniques. The final challenge relates to the difficulties in the control of the infection and the necessity to use pharmaceutical products cautiously and with a planned approach, to avoid further development of anthelmintic resistance, also given that use of a recently licenced vaccine is not widespread. In conclusion, at the moment, we should be concerned, but not worried, about this infection, and apply correctly the appropriate health management plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.F.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.F.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barbosa Toscano JH, Okino CH, Barbosa Dos Santos I, Giraldelo LA, Borsch von Haehling M, Novita Esteves S, Bassetto CC, Talamini do Amarante AF, de Souza Chagas AC. Local and systemic immune mediators of Morada Nova lambs with divergent Haemonchus contortus resistance phenotypes. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12790. [PMID: 32894881 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Local and systemic immune mediators of Morada Nova lambs with divergent Haemonchus contortus resistance phenotypes were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Lambs were ranked through faecal egg counts (FEC) after two parasitic challenges with 4,000 H.contortus L3 . After the second challenge, the lambs underwent a third artificial infection and were euthanized 7 days later. Immune-related genes were quantified locally in abomasal mucosa and lymph nodes (CD4, IFNγ, IL4, IL5, IL13, IL2RA and MS4A2) and systemically in the whole blood (IL4 and IL13). Anti-H. contortus IgG and IgA antibodies and eosinophils and mast cells counts were also investigated. Resistant animals presented higher systemic IgG and IgA titres, both negatively correlated with FEC. Susceptible animals had higher blood levels of IL4 transcripts. At the local level, resistant lambs had higher eosinophils counts and superior MS4A2 levels in abomasal fundic mucosa, besides higher IgA levels in abomasal mucus, while susceptible lamb had superior IL4 expression in abomasal lymph nodes. CONCLUSION These data indicate that resistant lambs had an immune response mediated by antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Also, the systemic humoral profile, particularly IgA isotype, seems to be a good resistance marker for Morada Nova sheep, as we found differences between groups even when FEC did not differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marei Borsch von Haehling
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haehling MB, Cruvinel GG, Toscano JHB, Giraldelo LA, Santos IB, Esteves SN, Benavides MV, Barioni Júnior W, Niciura SCM, Chagas ACS. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with resistance and resilience to Haemonchus contortus in Brazilian Morada Nova sheep. Vet Parasitol 2020; 279:109053. [PMID: 32109653 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major constraint in sheep production. Breeding for resistance has proven to be an effective and feasible approach to address this problem. The use and investigation of genetic markers for resistance traits could accelerate genetic progress and lead to a better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate if five single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs OAR2_14765360, OAR6_81718546, OAR11_62887032, OAR12_69606944 and OAR15_59871543 are associated with resistance and resilience traits in a flock of the Morada Nova sheep breed. Lambs were submitted to two consecutive parasite challenges by oral infection with 4000 infective larvae L3) of Haemonchus contortus. Fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PVC) and body weight were measured every one or two weeks for 42 days in each trial. DNA samples from 287 lambs, 131 ewes and 4 rams were amplified by ARMS-PCR or PCR-RFLP and genotypes were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for association analyses between genotypes and phenotypes. In case of significant association, the allele substitution effect was calculated based on a linear model. OAR2_14765360 and OAR12_69606944 were associated with FEC, and OAR12_69606944 also had significant effects on PCV and weight gain, showing favourable associations of the CC genotype with all evaluated traits. Both OAR6_81718546 and OAR11_62887032 were associated with weight gain, and OAR6_81718546 had an additional effect on PCV. OAR15_59871543 was not polymorphic in the population. OAR6_81718546 and OAR12_69606944 presented significant allele substitution effects of -1.06 ± 0.52 kg for the T allele on final body weight and 0.74 ± 0.32 for the C allele in PCV of the same sampling date, respectively. This is the first report of SNPs associated with gastrointestinal nematode resistance in this sheep breed. Our findings support the existence of quantitatice trait loci (QTL) for resistance and resilience in linkage disequilibrium with the polymorphic SNPs and suggest their future use for explorations of these traits in Morada Nova sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marei B Haehling
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giovanna G Cruvinel
- Centro Universitário Central Paulista (UNICEP), Rua Miguel Petroni, 5111, CEP 13563-470, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João H B Toscano
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Giraldelo
- Centro Universitário Central Paulista (UNICEP), Rua Miguel Petroni, 5111, CEP 13563-470, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella B Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio N Esteves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda V Benavides
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, BR 153 Km 633, Vila Industrial, Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | - Waldomiro Barioni Júnior
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone C M Niciura
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S Chagas
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|