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Nguyen AHL, Pattaradilokrat S, Kaewlamun W, Kaneko O, Asada M, Kaewthamasorn M. Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 36599869 PMCID: PMC9812981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike malaria parasites in humans, non-human primates, rodents, and birds, ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors have received little attention. As a result, understanding of the hosts, vectors, and biology of ungulate malaria parasites has remained limited. In this study, we aimed to identify the vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae. A total of 1019 anopheline and 133 non-anopheline mosquitoes were collected from goat farms in Thailand, where P. caprae-infected goats were discovered. Anopheline mosquitoes were identified using molecular biological methods that target the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) genes, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Pool and individual mosquitoes were tested for P. caprae using the head-thorax parts that contain the salivary glands, with primers targeting three genetic markers including cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Additionally, goat blood samples were collected concurrently with mosquito surveys and screened to determine the status of malaria infection. This study revealed nine mosquito species belonging to six groups on goat farms, including Hyrcanus, Barbirostris, Subpictus, Funestus, Tessellatus, and Annularis. The DNA of P. caprae was detected in Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles aconitus. This is the first time An. subpictus and An. aconitus have been implicated as probable vectors of P. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Hoang Lan Nguyen
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Winai Kaewlamun
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- grid.174567.60000 0000 8902 2273Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Masahito Asada
- grid.412310.50000 0001 0688 9267National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Department of Global Cooperation, Research Unit for Global Infection Control, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555 Japan
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Nugraheni YR, Arnuphapprasert A, Nguyen TT, Narapakdeesakul D, Nguyen HLA, Poofery J, Kaneko O, Asada M, Kaewthamasorn M. Myzorhynchus series of Anopheles mosquitoes as potential vectors of Plasmodium bubalis in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5747. [PMID: 35388073 PMCID: PMC8987089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors are among the least studied when compared to other medically important species. As a result, a thorough understanding of ungulate malaria parasites, hosts, and mosquito vectors has been lacking, necessitating additional research efforts. This study aimed to identify the vector(s) of Plasmodium bubalis. A total of 187 female mosquitoes (133 Anopheles spp., 24 Culex spp., 24 Aedes spp., and 6 Mansonia spp. collected from a buffalo farm in Thailand where concurrently collected water buffalo samples were examined and we found only Anopheles spp. samples were P. bubalis positive. Molecular identification of anopheline mosquito species was conducted by sequencing of the PCR products targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2), and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) markers. We observed 5 distinct groups of anopheline mosquitoes: Barbirostris, Hyrcanus, Ludlowae, Funestus, and Jamesii groups. The Barbirostris group (Anopheles wejchoochotei or Anopheles campestris) and the Hyrcanus group (Anopheles peditaeniatus) were positive for P. bubalis. Thus, for the first time, our study implicated these anopheline mosquito species as probable vectors of P. bubalis in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Apinya Arnuphapprasert
- Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trang Thuy Nguyen
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Duriyang Narapakdeesakul
- Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hoang Lan Anh Nguyen
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Poofery
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masahito Asada
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Department of Global Cooperation, Research Unit for Global Infection Control, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Aryal M, Adhikari RB, Kandel P, Ghimire TR, Khadka D, Maharjan J, Gaire KP, Shrestha S, Manandhar KD, Kandel RC, Poudel RC, Pandey K. First report on the molecular detection of Entamoeba bovis from the endangered wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Nepal. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:799-807. [PMID: 34919350 PMCID: PMC8959252 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asiatic wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) is an endangered species that is conserved in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Nepal, and was recently translocated to the Chitwan National Park (CNP). Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites are the cause of significant negative health and production impacts on animals worldwide. Methods A coprological survey of GI parasites of wild water buffalo was carried out in the CNP in 2020. Fresh dung samples (n = 25) were collected from wild water buffaloes and analysed using sedimentation and flotation techniques for morphological identification of parasite cysts, oocysts and eggs. Results Nine different GI parasites were recorded of which Entamoeba spp. (20 samples, 80%) were the most common. The presence of Entamoeba spp. was further validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing. The PCR results were positive for all of the microscopically positive samples, and the species was identified as Entamoeba bovis. Three samples were sequenced and formed a cluster of E. bovis, which was separated from other Entamoeba spp. in phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion This is the first report for molecular detection of E. bovis from wild water buffaloes in Nepal. Future work should focus on the prevalence of such infections in water buffaloes in forest environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menuka Aryal
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Tirth Raj Ghimire
- Department of Zoology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Jyoti Maharjan
- Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Ram Chandra Kandel
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Kishor Pandey
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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