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Eberhardt AT, Manzoli DE, Fernandez C, Zurvera D, Monje LD. Anaplasma species infecting questing ticks in the Iberá wetlands ecoregion, Argentina. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:485-496. [PMID: 37027054 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the presence of Anaplasma species in questing ticks from six sites with opposing land usage (i.e., protected natural areas or livestock establishments) within the Iberá wetlands ecoregion in Argentina. The ticks were determined as Amblyomma dubitatum (n = 15,096), Rhipicephalus microplus (n = 399), Amblyomma triste (n = 134), Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (n = 5), and Amblyomma tigrinum (n = 1). Using a real-time PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene, Anaplasma sp. was detected in A. dubitatum samples (one nymph, three nymph pools and one larvae pool) and one R. microplus larvae pool. The overall minimum infection rate (MIR) for Anaplasma sp. in questing A. dubitatum nymphs was 0.169% (0.175% in protected natural areas and 0% in livestock establishments). For R. microplus, overall Anaplasma sp. MIR was 0.25% (0.52% in protected natural areas and 0% in livestock establishments). Phylogenetic analysis positioned the Anaplasma sp. from A. dubitatum in the same clade as Anaplasma odocoilei, whereas the Anaplasma sp. from R. microplus was related to Anaplasma platys. In conclusion, these results support a possible role of A. dubitatum in the ecology of the Anaplasma agent reported to infect capybaras in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen T Eberhardt
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Darío E Manzoli
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel Zurvera
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas D Monje
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, S3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Parodi P, Armúa-Fernández MT, Schanzembach M, Mir D, Benítez-Galeano MJ, Rodríguez-Osorio N, Rivero R, Venzal JM. Characterization of strains of Anaplasma marginale from clinical cases in bovine using major surface protein 1a in Uruguay. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:990228. [PMID: 36204300 PMCID: PMC9531168 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.990228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) gene has been used to characterize Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity. This pathogen causes significant productivity and economic losses to the cattle industry. The objective of the present study was to report the first characterization of A. marginale genetic diversity in Uruguay based on MSP1a genotypes and their putative relationship with Rhipicephalus microplus. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2016 and 2020. The study included whole blood samples from clinical cases of bovine anaplasmosis obtained from 30 outbreaks located in six Uruguay territorial departments. Diagnosis was performed using Giemsa-stained smears and confirmed by nested Polymerase Chance Reaction (nPCR) targeting the A. marginale major surface protein 5 gene. The genetic diversity of A. marginale strains was characterized by analyzing the microsatellite and tandem repeats of MSP1a. Based on the microsatellite structure, four genotypes were identified. Genotype E was the most prevalent. Analysis of MSP1a tandem repeats showed 28 different strains from the combination of 31 repeats, with τ-10-15 and α-β-β-β-Γ being the most common. Repeats Γ, β, α, and γ were associated with the absence of R. microplus with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Molecular observations showed that 46.7% of the strains identified in our samples lacked the ability to bind to tick cells; therefore, they were probably transmitted by other vectors. Strain genetic diversity provides valuable information for understanding the epidemiological behavior of A. marginale and could contribute to the development of effective vaccines for the control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Parodi
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste “Miguel C. Rubino”, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios “Miguel C. Rubino”, Paysandú, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Pablo Parodi
| | - María T. Armúa-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Vectores y enfermedades transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Schanzembach
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste “Miguel C. Rubino”, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios “Miguel C. Rubino”, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Daiana Mir
- Unidad de Genética y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - María José Benítez-Galeano
- Unidad de Genética y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Nélida Rodríguez-Osorio
- Unidad de Genética y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Rivero
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste “Miguel C. Rubino”, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios “Miguel C. Rubino”, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - José M. Venzal
- Laboratorio de Vectores y enfermedades transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
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