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Kutluk T, Kutluk BG. Lipase catalysis: an environmentally friendly production for polyol esters (biolubricant) from microalgae oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4099-4112. [PMID: 35588240 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2079999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the optimized lipase-catalysed esterification reaction from novel feedstock microalgae (Chlorella protothecoides) oil-free fatty acids (FFAs) for biolubricant (Trimethylolpropane (TMP)-triesters) synthesis. FFAs were obtained from microalgae oil by enzymatic hydrolysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the central composite design was performed to investigate the effect of experimental factors (lipase amount, TMP/FFAs molar ratio, reaction temperature) on the FFAs conversion and also investigated to resolve the optimum design points. After the experimental studies, the highest FFAs conversion of 93% with 92% triester and 8% mono, di esters contents were found when the lipase amount was 5.5%. TMP/FFAs molar ratio was 0.33 and the reaction temperature value was 60°C. The model fitted with the experimental values with R2 = 0.97. It was also supported by gas chromatography and FTIR analyses that the product obtained was a lubricant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Togayhan Kutluk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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2
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Atiroğlu V, Atiroğlu A, Al-Hajri AS, Atiroğlu A, Özacar M. Exploring the synergistic effects of enzyme@lactoferrin hybrid on biomimetic immobilization: Unveiling the impact on catalytic efficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125946. [PMID: 37488000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained attention as a hopeful material for enzyme immobilization due to their advantageous characteristics, for instance, high surface area and easy construction conditions. Nonetheless, the confinement effect and competing coordination often lead to partial or complete inactivation of the immobilized enzymes. In this study, we present a novel strategy, the lactoferrin-boosted one-pot embedding approach, which efficiently connects enzymes with lactoferrin (LF) hybrid Graphene Oxide (GO)//Pt Nanoparticles/MOF-74 (referred to as enzyme@LF@rGO/PtNP@MOF-74). This approach demonstrates a high embedding efficiency. By employing a hybrid of LF and GO/Pt Nanoparticles as synchronous ligands for Zn-MOF-74, we provide a suitable environment for enzyme immobilization, resulting in enhanced enzymatic activity. The lipase@LF@rGO/PtNP@MOF-74 exhibits improved stability and resistance to organic solvents and significantly enhanced in thermal stability of the lipase@LF@rGO/PtNP@MOF-74 comparing to the free enzyme. The lipase@LF@rGO/PtNP@MOF-74 displayed excellent long-term storage stability, which could protect more than 80 % of the initial activity for 8 weeks. Besides, the lipase@LF@rGO/PtNP@MOF-74 had high reusability, which showed a high degree of activity (more than 75 %) after 20 cycles. As a bio-macromolecule, lactoferrin possesses bio-affinity, creating a favorable microenvironment for enzymes and minimizing the impact of external factors on their conformation and activity during bio-macromolecule utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesen Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application and Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Atheer Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application and Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmed Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Özacar
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
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Sniegoňová P, Szotkowski M, Holub J, Sikorová P, Márová I. The Effect of Oil-Rich Food Waste Substrates, Used as an Alternative Carbon Source, on the Cultivation of Microalgae-A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1621. [PMID: 37512794 PMCID: PMC10383527 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are mostly phototrophic microorganisms present worldwide, showcasing great adaptability to their environment. They are known for producing essential metabolites such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, sterols, lipids, and many more. This study discusses the possibility of the mixotrophic abilities of microalgae in the presence of food waste oils. The utilization of food waste materials is becoming more popular as a research subject as its production grows every year, increasing the environmental burden. In this work, waste frying oil and coffee oil were tested for the first time as a nutrition source for microalgae cultivation. Waste frying oil is produced in large amounts all over the world and its simple purification is one of its greatest advantages as it only needs to be filtered from leftover food pieces. Coffee oil is extracted from waste spent coffee grounds as a by-product. The waste frying oil and coffee oil were added to the basic algal media as an alternative source of carbon. As a pilot study for further experimentation, the effect of oil in the medium, algal adaptability, and capability to survive were tested within these experiments. The growth and production characteristics of four algae and cyanobacteria strains were tested, of which the strain Desmodesmus armatus achieved exceptional results of chlorophyll (8.171 ± 0.475 mg/g) and ubiquinone (5.708 ± 0.138 mg/g) production. The strain Chlamydomonas reindhartii showed exceptional lipid accumulation in the range of 30-46% in most of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Sniegoňová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Holub
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Sikorová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Parametric and kinetic study of simultaneous esterification and transesterification of model waste sunflower oil by using zirconium sulfate catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bioprocesses for the Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils and Valorization of Glycerol. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The environmental context causes the use of renewable energy to increase, with the aim of finding alternatives to fossil-based products such as fuels. Biodiesel, an alternative to diesel, is now a well-developed solution, and its production from renewable resources makes it perfectly suitable in the environmental context. In addition, it is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low greenhouse gas emissions: reduced about 85% compared to diesel. However, the feedstock used to produce biodiesel competes with agriculture and the application of chemical reactions is not advantageous with a “green” process. Therefore, this review focuses only on bioprocesses currently taking an important place in the production of biodiesel and allow high yields, above 90%, and with very few produced impurities. In addition, the use of waste oils as feedstock, which now accounts for 10% of feedstocks used in the production of biodiesel, avoids competition with agriculture. To present a complete life-cycle of oils in this review, a second part will focus on the valorization of the biodiesel by-product, glycerol. About 10% of glycerol is generated during the production of biodiesel, so it should be recovered to high value-added products, always based on bioprocesses. This review will also present existing techniques to extract and purify glycerol. In the end, from the collection of feedstocks to the production of CO2 during the combustion of biodiesel, this review presents the steps using the “greener” possible processes.
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Biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate using enzyme immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Entrapping Immobilisation of Lipase on Biocomposite Hydrogels toward for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Acid Oil. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new application of biocomposite hydrogels named gelatin-alginate (GA) and pectin alginate (PA) enables the use of the hydrogels as carriers for lipase entrapment during biodiesel production. Waste frying acid oil (WFAO), a raw material, was converted to biodiesel via an esterification reaction catalysed by two different immobilised biocatalysts: gelatin-alginate lipase (GAL) and pectin-alginate lipase (PAL). The highest immobilisation yield of GAL and PAL beads was achieved at 97.61% and 98.30%, respectively. Both of them gave biodiesel yields in the range of 75–78.33%. Furthermore, capability and reusability of biocatalysts were improved such that they could be reused up to 7 cycles. Moreover, the predicted biodiesel properties met the European biodiesel standard (EN14214). Interestingly, entrapped lipase on composite hydrogels can be used as an alternative catalyst choice for replacing the chemical catalyst during the biodiesel production.
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Sose MT, Rathod VK. Ultrasound assisted enzyme catalysed synthesis of butyl caprylate in solvent free system. Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1750975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera T. Sose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Virendra K. Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Khan AM, Safi AH, Ahmed MN, Siddiqui AR, Usmani MA, Khan SUH, Yasmeen K. BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING A VARIETY OF WASTE MARBLE AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190364s20190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Hadi Safi
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Saad-ul-Haq Khan
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Kousar Yasmeen
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Pakistan
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Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12203916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are different technologies for biodiesel production, each having its benefits and drawbacks depending on the type of feedstock and catalyst used. In this study, the techno-economic performances of four catalyst technologies were investigated. The catalysts were bulk calcium oxide (CaO), enzyme, nano-calcium oxide, and ionic liquid. The study was mainly based on process simulations designed using Aspen Plus and SuperPro software. The quantity and quality of biodiesel and glycerol, as well as the amount of biodiesel per amount of feedstock, were the parameters to evaluate technical performances. The parameters for economic performances were total investment cost, unit production cost, net present value (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), and return over investment (ROI). Technically, all the studied options provided fuel quality biodiesel and high purity glycerol. However, under the assumed market scenario, the process using bulk CaO catalyst was more economically feasible and tolerable to the change in market values of major inputs and outputs. On the contrary, the enzyme catalyst option was very expensive and economically infeasible for all considered ranges of cost of feedstock and product. The result of this study could be used as a basis to do detail estimates for the practical implementation of the efficient process.
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Mannu A, Ferro M, Dugoni GC, Panzeri W, Petretto GL, Urgeghe P, Mele A. Improving the recycling technology of waste cooking oils: Chemical fingerprint as tool for non-biodiesel application. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:1-8. [PMID: 31376953 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Samples of sunflower Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs) subjected to several cycles of frying were treated with water under four different combinations of temperature and pH. Several aspects of the chemical composition of edible, non-treated and processed samples was determined by three different analytic techniques: headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-chromatography (GC), 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry. Thus, a characteristic chemical fingerprint of each sample was derived and proposed as useful set of tools for the optimization of recycling of WCOs. On the basis of the presented results, a mini-plant for the production of bio-lubricants and bio-solvents with a circular economy approach was designed and herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mannu
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Monica Ferro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Greta Colombo Dugoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Walter Panzeri
- CNR-ICRM Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, "U.O.S. Milano Politecnico", Via L. Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Urgeghe
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; CNR-ICRM Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, "U.O.S. Milano Politecnico", Via L. Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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12
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Enhanced synthesis of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by inactivating the tricarboxylate transport system of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and process development using waste vegetable oil. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Rao P, Rathod V. Valorization of Food and Agricultural Waste: A Step towards Greener Future. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1858-1871. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology N.M Parekh MargNear Khalsa College, Matunga Mumbai 400019
| | - Virendra Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology N.M Parekh MargNear Khalsa College, Matunga Mumbai 400019
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Mehde AA, Mehdi WA, Severgün O, Çakar S, Özacar M. Lipase-based on starch material as a development matrix with magnetite cross-linked enzyme aggregates and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1533-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Panichikkal AF, Prakasan P, Kizhakkepowathial Nair U, Kulangara Valappil M. Optimization of parameters for the production of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using onsite lipase by response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:459. [PMID: 30370200 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the properties of rubber seed oil (RSO) and its potential application for producing biodiesel by lipase-catalyzed transesterification. Rubber seed contains 39.45% of oil on a dry weight basis. Lipase was secreted from novel bacterial isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BUP2. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) cum Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the combined effect of different independent parameters namely oil-methanol ratio, enzyme unit, reaction temperature and reaction time. Biodiesel yield of 99.52% was obtained in the validation experiments at the optimal level of lipase (750 U), methanol ratio (1:10), temperature (45 °C) and time (4 h). The fuel properties of biodiesel obtained under the validation condition met the specifications as mentioned in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Biodiesel aliquots were characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The present study demonstrates an important application of a potential substitute for fossil fuel from raw feedstocks with high economic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priji Prakasan
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682022 India
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Milano J, Ong HC, Masjuki HH, Silitonga AS, Kusumo F, Dharma S, Sebayang AH, Cheah MY, Wang CT. Physicochemical property enhancement of biodiesel synthesis from hybrid feedstocks of waste cooking vegetable oil and Beauty leaf oil through optimized alkaline-catalysed transesterification. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:435-449. [PMID: 30455026 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recycling waste cooking vegetable oils by reclaiming and using these oils as biodiesel feedstocks is one of the promising solutions to address global energy demands. However, producing these biodiesels poses a significant challenge because of their poor physicochemical properties due the high free fatty acid content and impurities present in the feedstock, which will reduce the biodiesel yields. Hence, this study implemented the following strategy in order to address this issue: (1) 70 vol% of waste cooking vegetable oil blended with 30 vol% of Calophyllum inophyllum oil named as WC70CI30 used to alter its properties, (2) a three-stage process (degumming, esterification, and transesterification) was conducted which reduces the free fatty acid content and presence of impurities, and (3) the transesterification process parameters (methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration) were optimized using response surface methodology in order to increase the biodiesel conversion yield. The results show that the WC70CI30 biodiesel has favourable physicochemical properties, good cold flow properties, and high oxidation stability (22.4 h), which fulfil the fuel specifications stated in the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. It found that the WC70CI30 biodiesel has great potential as a diesel substitute without the need for antioxidants and pour point depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassinnee Milano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - H H Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Silitonga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155 Medan, Indonesia
| | - F Kusumo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Dharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155 Medan, Indonesia
| | - A H Sebayang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155 Medan, Indonesia
| | - Mei Yee Cheah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Tsan Wang
- Department Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National IIan University, I Lan, Taiwan
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Badgujar VC, Badgujar KC, Yeole PM, Bhanage BM. Enhanced biocatalytic activity of immobilized steapsin lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide for production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:47-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Dong R, Zhao M, Xia W, Yi X, Dai P, Tang N. Chemical and microscopic investigation of co-pyrolysis of crumb tire rubber with waste cooking oil at mild temperature. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:516-525. [PMID: 30343783 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximate rubber/bitumen homogeneous system formed by desulfurization and degradation of crumb tire rubber in bitumen under high temperature is beneficial to enhance the storage stability of rubberized bitumen. However, the main problems during the processing of desulfurized and degraded rubberized bitumen are aging caused by volatilization of light components, and burning or explosion due to the direct utilization of low flash point bitumen. Therefore, waste cooking oil was proposed as a safer medium to desulfurize and degrade crumb rubber prior to production of rubberized bitumen. This study focused on the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of waste cooking oil in desulfurizing and degrading rubber particles through co-pyrolysis of them at mild temperature (240-280 °C). Chemical and microscopic analyses were performed to investigate the structural changes of vulcanized rubber. Results showed that solubility of rubber powder reached above 60 wt% after pyrolysis in waste cooking oil, which increased with higher temperatures and more of oil, while increased to a maximum at 2 h and then decreased with the extension of time. The rubber hydrocarbon content decreased greatly, and dramatic reduction of carbon, hydrogen and sulfur elements happened according to component and elemental analyses. The surface of pyrolysis product was even and smooth without obvious rubber particles. The grooves and cavities of rubber residues in scanning electron microscopy micrographs proved that shedding of degraded polymer molecules occurred. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that breakage of carbon-sulfur, carbon=carbon and sulfur=oxygen bonds took place during pyrolysis, with appearance of natural rubber characteristic peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Dong
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xingyu Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Panteng Dai
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Naipeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Jaiswal KS, Rathod VK. Acoustic cavitation promoted lipase catalysed synthesis of isobutyl propionate in solvent free system: Optimization and kinetic studies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:727-735. [PMID: 28946479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work highlights the effect of ultrasound on enzymatic synthesis of isobutyl propionate, a rum flavor by esterification of isobutanol and propionic acid in non-aqueous, solvent free system (SFS) using Fermase CALB™10000. The optimization study for different variables in presence of ultrasound showed a maximum conversion of 95.14% at 60°C temperature, 4% w/w enzyme dose, 1:3 acid:alcohol ratio, 40W power, 25kHz frequency, 50% duty cycle and 150rpm speed in 3h as compared to 10h of conventional method. The optimal enzyme loading was reduced to 4% w/w using ultrasound irradiation compared to 5% w/w of conventional. The efficiency of enzyme improved notably and can be reused up to seven cycles preserving its former activity. The application of ultrasound greatly enhanced esterification reactions by maintaining enzyme stability and improving the production yield. Moreover, owing towards a green approach, the synthesis is carried out in SFS for development of lucrative flavor ester. Bisubstrate kinetic models like random bi-bi, ping pong bi-bi and ordered bi-bi were applied to the experimental data using non-linear regression analysis. The experimental data and kinetic study revealed that reaction obeyed Ping-Pong bi-bi model with kinetic parameters, Vmax=50.0M/min/gcatalyst, KA=4.87×10-2M, KB=9.06×10-4M, KiA=9.8×10-1M, KiB=1.05×10-3M &SSE=2.74×10-4 for lipase catalysed synthesis of isobutyl propionate under ultrasound with inhibition by both acid and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal S Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Priji P, Sajith S, Faisal PA, Benjamin S. Pseudomonas sp. BUP6 produces a thermotolerant alkaline lipase with trans-esterification efficiency in producing biodiesel. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:369. [PMID: 29067227 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the characteristics of a thermotolerant and alkaline lipase secreted by Pseudomonas sp. BUP6, a novel rumen bacterium isolated from Malabari goat, and its trans-esterification efficiency in producing biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO). The extracellular lipase was purified to homogeneity (35.8 times purified with 14.8% yield) employing (NH4)2SO4 salt precipitation and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of this lipase on SDS-PAGE was 35 kDa, the identity of which was further confirmed by MALDI-TOF/MS. The purified lipase was found stable at a pH range of 7-9 with the maximum activity (707 U/ml) at pH 8.2; and was active at the temperature ranging from 35 to 50 °C with the optimum at 45 °C (891 U/ml). Triton X-100 and EDTA had no effect on the activity of lipase; whereas SDS, Tween-80 and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited its activity significantly. Moreover, Ca2+ (1.0 mM) enhanced the activity of lipase (1428 U/ml) by 206% vis-à-vis initial activity; while Zn2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ decreased the activity significantly. Using para-nitrophenyl palmitate as substrate, the Km (11.6 mM) and Vmax [668.9 μmol/(min/mg)] of the purified lipase were also determined. Crude lipase was used for analyzing its trans-esterification efficiency with used cooking oil and methanol which resulted in the worthy yield of fatty acid methyl esters, FAME (45%) at 37 °C, indicating its prospects in biodiesel industry. Thus, the lipase secreted by the rumen bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. BUP6, offers great potentials to be used in various industries including the production of biodiesel by trans-esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasan Priji
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
| | - Sreedharan Sajith
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
| | - Panichikkal Abdul Faisal
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
| | - Sailas Benjamin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
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Kolhe NS, Gupta AR, Rathod VK. Production and purification of biodiesel produced from used frying oil using hydrodynamic cavitation. RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Assessing biodiesel production from sewage sludge-derived bio-oil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Juarez A, Villa JA, Lanza VF, Lázaro B, de la Cruz F, Alvarez HM, Moncalián G. Nutrient starvation leading to triglyceride accumulation activates the Entner Doudoroff pathway in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:35. [PMID: 28241831 PMCID: PMC5327559 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and other actinobacteria accumulate triglycerides (TAG) under nutrient starvation. This property has an important biotechnological potential in the production of sustainable oils. RESULTS To gain insight into the metabolic pathways involved in TAG accumulation, we analysed the transcriptome of R jostii RHA1 under nutrient-limiting conditions. We correlate these physiological conditions with significant changes in cell physiology. The main consequence was a global switch from catabolic to anabolic pathways. Interestingly, the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was upregulated in detriment of the glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathways. ED induction was independent of the carbon source (either gluconate or glucose). Some of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes involved in the last step of the Kennedy pathway were also upregulated. A common feature of the promoter region of most upregulated genes was the presence of a consensus binding sequence for the cAMP-dependent CRP regulator. CONCLUSION This is the first experimental observation of an ED shift under nutrient starvation conditions. Knowledge of this switch could help in the design of metabolomic approaches to optimize carbon derivation for single cell oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Juarez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643., 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A Villa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lázaro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Héctor M Alvarez
- INBIOP (Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Ruta Provincial No 1, Km 4-Ciudad Universitaria 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Moncalián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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Lipase production with free and immobilized cells of cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula glutinis HL25. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Ouanji F, Nachid M, Kacimi M, Liotta LF, Puleo F, Ziyad M. Small scale biodiesel synthesis from waste frying oil and crude methanol in Morocco. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Majhi S, Ray S. A study on production of biodiesel using a novel solid oxide catalyst derived from waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9251-9. [PMID: 26154033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The issues of energy security, dwindling supply and inflating price of fossil fuel have shifted the global focus towards fuel of renewable origin. Biodiesel, having renewable origin, has exhibited great potential as substitute for fossil fuels. The most common route of biodiesel production is through transesterification of vegetable oil in presence of homogeneous acid or base or solid oxide catalyst. But, the economics of biodiesel is not competitive with respect to fossil fuel due to high cost of production. The vegetable oil waste is a potential alternative for biodiesel production, particularly when disposal of used vegetable oil has been restricted in several countries. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a low-cost solid oxide catalyst derived from eggshell (a food waste) in transesterification of vegetable oil and simulated waste vegetable oil (SWVO). The impact of thermal treatment of vegetable oil (to simulate frying operation) on transesterification using eggshell-derived solid oxide catalyst (ESSO catalyst) was also evaluated along with the effect of varying reaction parameters. The study reported that around 90 % biodiesel yield was obtained with vegetable oil at methanol/oil molar ratio of 18:1 in 3 h reaction time using 10 % ESSO catalyst. The biodiesel produced with ESSO catalyst from SWVO, thermally treated at 150 °C for 24 h, was found to conform with the biodiesel standard, but the yield was 5 % lower compared to that of the untreated oil. The utilization of waste vegetable oil along with waste eggshell as catalyst is significant for improving the overall economics of the biodiesel in the current market. The utilization of waste for societal benefit with the essence of sustainable development is the novelty of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Majhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, 799055, India
| | - Srimanta Ray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, 799055, India.
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Romero MJA, Pizzi A, Toscano G, Busca G, Bosio B, Arato E. Deoxygenation of waste cooking oil and non-edible oil for the production of liquid hydrocarbon biofuels. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:62-8. [PMID: 25869843 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxygenation of waste cooking vegetable oil and Jatropha curcas oil under nitrogen atmosphere was performed in batch and semi-batch experiments using CaO and treated hydrotalcite (MG70) as catalysts at 400 °C. In batch conditions a single liquid fraction (with yields greater than 80 wt.%) was produced containing a high proportion of hydrocarbons (83%). In semi-batch conditions two liquid fractions (separated by a distillation step) were obtained: a light fraction and an intermediate fraction containing amounts of hydrocarbons between 72-80% and 85-88% respectively. In order to assess the possible use of the liquid products as alternative fuels a complete chemical characterization and measurement of their properties were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Romero
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Pizzi
- D3A, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Toscano
- D3A, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Busca
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - B Bosio
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - E Arato
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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Simple adsorption of Candida rugosa lipase onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustainable production of the flavor ester geranyl propionate. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Subhedar PB, Botelho C, Ribeiro A, Castro R, Pereira MA, Gogate PR, Cavaco-Paulo A. Ultrasound intensification suppresses the need of methanol excess during the biodiesel production with Lipozyme TL-IM. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:530-535. [PMID: 25934125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of biodiesel from sunflower oil and methanol based on transesterification using the immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL-IM) has been investigated under silent conditions and under an ultrasound field. Ultrasound assisted process led to reduced processing time and requirement of lower enzyme dosage. We found for the first time that oil to methanol ratio of 1:3 was favored for the ultrasound assisted enzymatic process which is lower than that observed for the case of conventional stirring based approach (ratio of 1.4). Our results indicate that intensification provided by ultrasound suppresses the need of the excess of the methanol reactant during the enzymatic biodiesel production. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic biodiesel production is therefore a faster and a cleaner processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti B Subhedar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Claudia Botelho
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Ribeiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Alcina Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal.
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Biodegradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) by Crude Enzyme Extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11829-47. [PMID: 26393637 PMCID: PMC4586710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation effect and mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by crude enzyme extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The results demonstrated that crude enzyme extract exhibited obviously higher degradation efficiency and shorter biodegradation time than Pseudomonas aeruginosa itself. Under the optimum conditions of pH 9.0, 35 °C and protein content of 2000 mg/L, 92.77% of the initial BDE-209 (20 mg/L) was degraded after 5 h. A BDE-209 biodegradation pathway was proposed on the basis of the biodegradation products identified by GC-MS analysis. The biodegradation mechanism showed that crude enzyme extract degraded BDE-209 into lower brominated PBDEs and OH-PBDEs through debromination and hydroxylation of the aromatic rings.
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Mohamad NR, Buang NA, Mahat NA, Lok YY, Huyop F, Aboul-Enein HY, Abdul Wahab R. A facile enzymatic synthesis of geranyl propionate by physically adsorbed Candida rugosa lipase onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 72:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mohamad N, Huyop F, Aboul-Enein HY, Mahat NA, Wahab RA. Response surface methodological approach for optimizing production of geranyl propionate catalysed by carbon nanotubes nanobioconjugates. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1034177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Marine extremophiles: a source of hydrolases for biotechnological applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1925-65. [PMID: 25854643 PMCID: PMC4413194 DOI: 10.3390/md13041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment covers almost three quarters of the planet and is where evolution took its first steps. Extremophile microorganisms are found in several extreme marine environments, such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, salty lakes and deep-sea floors. The ability of these microorganisms to support extremes of temperature, salinity and pressure demonstrates their great potential for biotechnological processes. Hydrolases including amylases, cellulases, peptidases and lipases from hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and piezophiles have been investigated for these reasons. Extremozymes are adapted to work in harsh physical-chemical conditions and their use in various industrial applications such as the biofuel, pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and food industries has increased. The understanding of the specific factors that confer the ability to withstand extreme habitats on such enzymes has become a priority for their biotechnological use. The most studied marine extremophiles are prokaryotes and in this review, we present the most studied archaea and bacteria extremophiles and their hydrolases, and discuss their use for industrial applications.
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Petenucci ME, Fonseca GG. Characterization and Monitoring of the Oxidative Stability of Pork Grease. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cruz-Izquierdo Á, Picó EA, López C, Serra JL, Llama MJ. Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (mCLEAs) of Candida antarctica lipase: an efficient and stable biocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115202. [PMID: 25551445 PMCID: PMC4281201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed production of biodiesel is the object of extensive research due to the global shortage of fossil fuels and increased environmental concerns. Herein we report the preparation and main characteristics of a novel biocatalyst consisting of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) which are covalently bound to magnetic nanoparticles, and tackle its use for the synthesis of biodiesel from non-edible vegetable and waste frying oils. For this purpose, insolubilized CALB was covalently cross-linked to magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite which the surface was functionalized with -NH2 groups. The resulting biocatalyst combines the relevant catalytic properties of CLEAs (as great stability and feasibility for their reutilization) and the magnetic character, and thus the final product (mCLEAs) are superparamagnetic particles of a robust catalyst which is more stable than the free enzyme, easily recoverable from the reaction medium and reusable for new catalytic cycles. We have studied the main properties of this biocatalyst and we have assessed its utility to catalyze transesterification reactions to obtain biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oils including unrefined soybean, jatropha and cameline, as well as waste frying oil. Using 1% mCLEAs (w/w of oil) conversions near 80% were routinely obtained at 30°C after 24 h of reaction, this value rising to 92% after 72 h. Moreover, the magnetic biocatalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused for at least ten consecutive cycles of 24 h without apparent loss of activity. The obtained results suggest that mCLEAs prepared from CALB can become a powerful biocatalyst for application at industrial scale with better performance than those currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cruz-Izquierdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique A. Picó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan L. Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - María J. Llama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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Martinez-Guerra E, Gude VG. Transesterification of waste vegetable oil under pulse sonication using ethanol, methanol and ethanol-methanol mixtures. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2611-2620. [PMID: 25168186 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the effects of direct pulse sonication and the type of alcohol (methanol and ethanol) on the transesterification reaction of waste vegetable oil without any external heating or mechanical mixing. Biodiesel yields and optimum process conditions for the transesterification reaction involving ethanol, methanol, and ethanol-methanol mixtures were evaluated. The effects of ultrasonic power densities (by varying sample volumes), power output rates (in W), and ultrasonic intensities (by varying the reactor size) were studied for transesterification reaction with ethanol, methanol and ethanol-methanol (50%-50%) mixtures. The optimum process conditions for ethanol or methanol based transesterification reaction of waste vegetable oil were determined as: 9:1 alcohol to oil ratio, 1% wt. catalyst amount, 1-2 min reaction time at a power output rate between 75 and 150 W. It was shown that the transesterification reactions using ethanol-methanol mixtures resulted in biodiesel yields as high as >99% at lower power density and ultrasound intensity when compared to ethanol or methanol based transesterification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Martinez-Guerra
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Veera Gnaneswar Gude
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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Kuperkar VV, Lade VG, Prakash A, Rathod VK. Synthesis of isobutyl propionate using immobilized lipase in a solvent free system: Optimization and kinetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pilusa TJ, Muzenda E, Shukla M. Thermo-chemical extraction of fuel oil from waste lubricating grease. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:1509-1515. [PMID: 23490355 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the recovery of oil from waste grease through the process of thermal degradation in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed by solvent extraction. Waste high temperature metal bearing grease was dissolved in a 15 w/w% KOH solution at 80°C while being agitated at 2000 rpm using a shear action agitator for a period of 15 min. Two distinct layers were observed after 8 min of settling time. The top layer being of dark brown oil and the bottom layer was a heterogeneous mixture. The two layers were separated by decantation. The bottom layer was cooled down to 45°C followed by slow addition of toluene (C7H8) while agitating at 1200 rpm for 15 min to prevent solids settling and minimise rapid volatilisation of the organic compounds in the mixture. Two distinct layers were also formed, the top homogeneous mixture of light brown oil-toluene mixture and the bottom sludge layer. The solvent was recovered from the oil for re-use by fractional distillation of the homogenous mixture. It was observed that 15 w/w% potassium hydroxide solution can chemically degrade the soap matrix in the grease and extract up to 49 w/w% of the fuel oil when subjected to high shear stress at a temperature of 80°C. The 26 w/w% extraction of oil in the remaining sludge was obtained by solvent extraction process with mass ratios of sludge to solvent of 2:1. Solvent recovery of 88% by mass was obtained via fractional distillation method. The combined extraction processes brought an overall oil yield of 75 w/w% from the waste grease. The fuel oil obtained from this process has similar properties to paraffin oil and can be blended with other oils as an alternative energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsietsi Jefrey Pilusa
- University of Johannesburg, Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Hama S, Yoshida A, Tamadani N, Noda H, Kondo A. Enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in a packed-bed reactor: an engineering approach to separation of hydrophilic impurities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:417-421. [PMID: 22795609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An engineering approach was applied to an efficient biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. In this work, an enzymatic packed-bed reactor (PBR) was integrated with a glycerol-separating system and used successfully for methanolysis, yielding a methyl ester content of 94.3% and glycerol removal of 99.7%. In the glycerol-separating system with enhanced retention time, the effluent contained lesser amounts of glycerol and methanol than those in the unmodified system, suggesting its promising ability to remove hydrophilic impurities from the oil layer. The PBR system was also applied to oils with high acid values, in which fatty acids could be esterified and the large amount of water was extracted using the glycerol-separating system. The long-term operation demonstrated the high lipase stability affording less than 0.2% residual triglyceride in 22 batches. Therefore, the PBR system, which facilitates the separation of hydrophilic impurities, is applicable to the enzymatic biodiesel production from waste cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hama
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
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Gharat N, Rathod VK. Enzyme catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil with dimethyl carbonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghayal D, Pandit AB, Rathod VK. Optimization of biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor using used frying oil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:322-8. [PMID: 22922070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the application of a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for the synthesis of biodiesel with used frying oil as a feedstock. The synthesis involved the transesterification of used frying oil (UFO) with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The effect of geometry and upstream pressure of a cavitating orifice plate on the rate of transesterification reaction has been studied. It is observed that the micro level turbulence created by hydrodynamic cavitation somewhat overcomes the mass transfer limitations for triphasic transesterification reaction. The significant effects of upstream pressure on the rate of formation of methyl esters have been seen. It has been observed that flow geometry of orifice plate plays a crucial role in process intensification. With an optimized plate geometry of 2mm hole diameter and 25 holes, more than 95% of triglycerides have been converted to methyl esters in 10 min of reaction time with cavitational yield of 1.28 × 10(-3) (Grams of methyl esters produced per Joule of energy supplied). The potential of UFO to produce good quality methyl esters has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyneshwar Ghayal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
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Maddikeri GL, Pandit AB, Gogate PR. Adsorptive Removal of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Using Ion-Exchange Resins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh L. Maddikeri
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
| | - Aniruddha B. Pandit
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
| | - Parag R. Gogate
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
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