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Zong Y, Gong J, Zhang J, Su Y, Hu C, Li T, Wu Y, Jiang M. Research status of soda residue in the field of environmental pollution control. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28975-28983. [PMID: 37799308 PMCID: PMC10548433 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality soda ash (Na2CO3) is mainly produced using the ammonia-alkaline method, generating a significant amount of industrial waste called soda residue. In China, the annual production of soda residue exceeds 10 million tons. The large-scale open-air storage of soda residue not only occupies land but also causes severe pollution to the surrounding environment. Soda residue displays characteristics such as strong alkalinity, high reactivity, and a well-developed pore structure, making it a valuable raw material for producing environmentally functional materials. This article provided an overview and summary of soda residue, including its sources and hazards, basic properties, applications in environmental management (wastewater treatment, flue gas desulfurization, and soil remediation), and associated risks. The limitations of using soda residue in "waste to waste" technologies were also analyzed. Based on this analysis, the article suggests focusing on simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions using soda residue, safely disposing of and acquiring resources from metal-laden sludge, efficiently dechlorinating soda residue, using soda residue for contaminated soil solidification, stabilization, and assisted remediation, controlling pollution via green and circular utilization approaches, and assessing long-term risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Zong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Jiantao Gong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Jilai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Youbo Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Chenglei Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Tianguo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
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Traven L, Baldigara A, Crvelin G, Budimir D, Linšak DT, Linšak Ž. Exploring the link between sulphur-containing compounds and noxious odours at waste management facilities: implications for odour monitoring and mitigation strategies. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:179-186. [PMID: 37791677 PMCID: PMC10549876 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With this study we challenge the widely held assumption that sulphur-containing compounds in ambient air are good indicators of the presence noxious odours near waste management facilities. We analysed an extensive set of olfactometric data and data on the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and trace sulphur compounds (TSCs) near a waste management facility in Croatia in 2021. The results show that the presence of noxious odours significantly correlates only with the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan in ambient air but not with other measured TSCs. Thus, in addition to the measurement of pollutants in ambient air, Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) permits should mandate olfactometric measurements to detect and mitigate noxious odours near waste management facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Traven
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Crvelin
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Darko Budimir
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dijana Tomić Linšak
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željko Linšak
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
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3
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Du W, Lü F, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Odor emission rate of a municipal solid waste sanitary landfill during different operation stages before final closure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159111. [PMID: 36183762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the odor emission rate from different areas of a municipal solid waste landfill. The surface odor emission rate (SOER) of eight odorous compound groups were determined by flux chamber method. The SOER of working face, seams of daily cover, membrane surface of daily cover, seams of temporary cover, membrane surface of temporary cover, seams of intermediate cover, membrane surface of intermediate cover were 138.34, 49.83, 13.56, 90.35, 14.48, 4.05, and 8.14 μg/(m2·s), respectively. Therefore, odor emission hotspots were at seams of daily and temporary cover areas. Converting the odor emissions at emission hotspots to the entire membrane cover surface, the average SOER of working face, daily cover area, temporary cover area and intermediate cover area were 138.34, 17.95, 22.43, and 6.24 μg/(m2·s), respectively. Combined with the size of each landfill area, the total odor emissions of the four above areas of a landfill zone were 830, 108, 1346, and 5175 mg/s, respectively, suggesting the necessity to control the odor emission of membrane cover stages especially for large-scale landfills. In terms of odor components, alcohols (38.7 %), sulfur compounds (22.9 %) and aldehydes (15.7 %) were major odorous groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Chen J, Wang Y, Shao L, Lü F, Zhang H, He P. In-situ removal of odorous NH 3 and H 2S by loess modified with biologically stabilized leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116248. [PMID: 36126598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The loess regions distribute widely in Northwestern China, North America and Eastern Europe. For these regions, landfill is a suitable technology for solid waste treatment. However, as a landfill cover material, loess is not very effective in controlling the emission of malodorous gases. The present study modified loess with biologically stabilized leachate, and investigated the capacities and mechanisms of the modified loess to remove odorous NH3 and H2S. The removal rates of NH3 and H2S at different acclimation time, targeted gas concentrations and temperatures were measured. It was found that the NH3 removal rate of the modified loess was up to 0.08 μmol/(g·hr), which was 1.8 times that of the virgin loess. The H2S removal rate of the modified loess was up to 1.74 μmol/(g·hr), which was 1.25 times that of the virgin loess. The half-meter loess layer modified by biologically stabilized leachate achieved nearly 100% removal of H2S. The improvement of NH3 and H2S removal ability was mainly due to the enrichment of relevant microorganisms. This work proposed a novel method for in-situ control of malodorous pollutants in landfills in the loess regions, and proved that the in-situ removal of NH3 and H2S using the loess modified with biologically stabilized leachate is feasible and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Chen
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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5
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Xu A, Li R, Chang H, Xu Y, Li X, Lin G, Zhao Y. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for the prediction of odor emission rates from landfill working surface. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:158-171. [PMID: 34896736 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfills release significant odorous compounds from the working surface, and their emission rates are crucial for odor and health risk assessment. A total of 99 valid datasets of odor emissions from a landfill working surface were obtained from in situ monitoring for 9 months. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure) and waste properties (contents of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture) were used to construct artificial neural network (ANN) models for the emission rate prediction of typical compounds. The optimal structures and performance of the ANN models were determined by comparing and training with different structural configurations. The ANN models with genetic algorithm (GA) optimization show better performance than those without GA. With the data distribution of input parameters, the ranges of the emission rates of typical compounds were predicted by combining the established ANN models and the Monte Carlo approach. The sensitivity and uncertainty analyses revealed that temperature, atmospheric pressure, protein and lipid contents are parameters sensitive to emission rates, and meteorological parameters have significant impacts on the uncertainty. The established ANN models for the prediction of emission rates can provide scientific evidence and an approach to assess and control the odor and health risk in waste sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankun Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; State Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Guannv Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; State Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
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6
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Huang D, Du Y, Xu Q, Ko JH. Quantification and control of gaseous emissions from solid waste landfill surfaces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114001. [PMID: 34731706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most common option for solid waste disposal worldwide. Landfill sites can emit significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs; e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) and release toxic and odorous compounds (e.g., sulfides). Due to the complex composition and characteristics of landfill surface gas emissions, the quantification and control of landfill emissions are challenging. This review attempts to comprehensively understand landfill emission quantification and control options by primarily focusing on GHGs and odor compounds. Landfill emission quantification was highlighted by combining different emissions monitoring approaches to improve the quality of landfill emission data. Also, landfill emission control requires a specific approach that targets emission compounds or a systematic approach that reduces overall emissions by combining different control methods since the diverse factors dominate the emissions of various compounds and their transformation. This integrated knowledge of emission quantification and control options for GHGs and odor compounds is beneficial for establishing field monitoring campaigns and incorporating mitigation strategies to quantify and control multiple landfill emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yue Du
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Duan Z, Scheutz C, Kjeldsen P. Trace gas emissions from municipal solid waste landfills: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:39-62. [PMID: 33039980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace gas emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills have received increasing attention in recent years. This paper reviews literature published between 1983 and 2019, focusing on (i) the origin and fate of trace gas in MSW landfills, (ii) sampling and analytical techniques, (iii) quantitative emission measurement techniques, (iv) concentration and surface emission rates of common trace compounds at different landfill units and (v) the environmental and health concerns associated with trace gas emissions from MSW landfills. Trace gases can be produced from waste degradation, direct volatilisation of chemicals in waste products or from conversions/reactions between other compounds. Different chemical groups dominate the different waste decomposition stages. In general, organic sulphur compounds and oxygenated compounds are connected with fresh waste, while abundant hydrogen sulphide, aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons are usually found during the methane fermentation stage. Selection of different sampling, analytical and emission rate measurement techniques might generate different results when quantifying trace gas emission from landfills, and validation tests are needed to evaluate the reliability of current methods. The concentrations of trace gases and their surface emission rates vary largely from site to site, and fresh waste dumping areas and uncovered waste surfaces are the most important fugitive emission sources. The adverse effects of trace gas emission are not fully understood, and more emission data are required in future studies to assess quantitatively their environmental impacts as well as health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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8
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Liu Y, Yang H, Lu W. VOCs released from municipal solid waste at the initial decomposition stage: Emission characteristics and an odor impact assessment. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 98:143-150. [PMID: 33097146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nuisance from odor caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) is resulting in a growing number of public complaints and concerns. Odor pollution occurs in the initial decomposition stage of MSW, including waste collection, transportation and early pre-treatment. Furthermore, decomposition takes place in waste facilities that are often close to living areas, which can result in odor impacts on local inhabitants. However, this aspect of odor impact from MSW has not been well studied. In the current study, lab-scale waste cells were designed to simulate MSW storage conditions in the early stage. The characteristics of VOCs emissions with different waste compositions were analyzed. The odor concentration (CO, non-dimensional) method and odor intensity were used for the assessment of odor. Ethanol was the substance with highest emission rate. The release rate of VOCs increased with the growth easily biodegradable waste (EBW). VOCs emissions was reduced by 25% when the proportion of EBW decreased from 60% to 45%. Methyl sulfide, ethanol, dimethyl disulfide and ethyl acetate were identified as typical odorants. The EBW proportion in waste is the main factor significantly influencing odor pollution. The CO was 244.51 for the 60% EBW condition, which was only 61.46 for 15% EBW condition. These study results provide important information for the implementation of a garbage sorting policy and the monitoring of odor pollution from waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Liu J, Zheng G. Emission of volatile organic compounds from a small-scale municipal solid waste transfer station: Ozone-formation potential and health risk assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:193-202. [PMID: 32234654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary aerosol generation, posing a threat to human health and affecting the environmental climate. A large quantity of VOCs can be produced in the initial decomposition stage of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this study, the atmosphere in an MSW transfer station was monitored for one year. The emission characteristics of VOCs in different seasons and working hours were analyzed, and the ozone-formation potential of VOCs was calculated through the maximum incremental reaction method, and health risks posed by the VOCs in the MSW transfer station were assessed. The results showed that the highest concentration of VOCs appeared in spring and summer, accounting for 70.6% and 26.6% of total VOCs (TVOCs) in peak working periods, respectively. Oxygenated compounds and terpenes contributed most to ozone formation, accounting for 41.0% and 50.6% of total ozone formation, respectively. The carcinogenic risks were above the safe threshold, labeled "probable risks". Tetrachloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane were the main contributors to carcinogenic risks. The mean non-carcinogenic risks were within the safe threshold in the MSW transfer station. From the perspective of protecting human health and ecological environmental safety, VOC control needs to be further strengthened in the transfer station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwan Liu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Divsalar A, Divsalar H, Dods MN, Prosser RW, Tsotsis TT. Field Testing of a UV Photodecomposition Reactor for Siloxane Removal from Landfill Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Divsalar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hasan Divsalar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew N. Dods
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard W. Prosser
- GC Environmental, Inc., 1230 North Jefferson Street, Suite J, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
| | - Theodore T. Tsotsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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11
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Liu Y, Lu W, Wang H, Huang Q, Gao X. Odor impact assessment of trace sulfur compounds from working faces of landfills in Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 220:136-141. [PMID: 29777996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odor pollution from landfills is causing a growing number of public complaints and concerns. Compared with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), odor impacts of trace sulfur compounds (TSCs) are arousing concerns due to their low odor threshold values (OTVs). Working face on landfill sites has been claimed as major source of odor impacts. This study estimated the odor impacts of fugitive TSCs from the working face of a large typical municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Beijing, China. A modified wind tunnel system was introduced to estimate emission rates of TSCs, which is a basic requirement for odor impact assessment. The odor activity value (OAV) method was introduced for odor evaluation. Fieldwork in the selected landfill was conducted from 2014 to 2015. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and carbon disulfide (CS2) were the TSCs studied in this work. The spatial concentration distributions of the TSCs were calculated on the basis of the Gaussian dispersion model in a "normal case" scenario and a "worst case" scenario. DMDS showed the highest emission rate (7.18 μg m-2 s-1), and CH3SH was the dominant odorous compound with an average emission rate of 4.58 μg m-2 s-1. The dispersion modeling indicated that the odor impact distances of the TSCs in the studied landfill for the normal case and worst case scenarios were 495 ± 96 m and 9230 m at the downwind regions, respectively. Results of this study can benefit the formulation of strategies for odor control and abatement in landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xingbao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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12
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Lim JH, Cha JS, Kong BJ, Baek SH. Characterization of odorous gases at landfill site and in surrounding areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:291-303. [PMID: 29096143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concentration levels and seasonal variation of odorous gases at landfill site and in surrounding areas within the city of Incheon, South Korea were investigated. Sampling was conducted at 11 points (5 at landfill site and 6 in surrounding areas). The highest concentrations of odorous gases (complex odor, ammonia, acetaldehyde, and VOCs) at landfill site were found in summer, probably due to fast decomposition of waste in high temperature related with more release of ammonia. In addition, specific weather condition of dominant wind direction, humidity and higher atmospheric pressure with no or lower wind speed caused positive effect of higher aldehyde compounds and VOCs concentration. Similar to other studies, sludge-related sampling site S-2, where a couple of odor generating facilities including sludge mixing and drying treatment process are located, showed the highest concentration levels of odorous gases compared to other sites. Odor generation frequency was in the order of acetaldehyde (68.8%) > ammonia (39.4%) > propionaldehyde (21.9%), which means the main substances generating the unpleasant odor at landfill site was recognized as aldehydes and ammonia due to combined effect of sludge-related facilities and meteorological conditions. Offensive odor was not a big pollution issue in most surrounding areas which are located within a circle of 5 km radius of the landfill except high odor generation frequency of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. Relative percentage differences (RPD) of odorous gases between day and night times at landfill site were below 10%, which indicates that the concentration differences in day and night were not severe. The relationship between concentrations of complex odor and designated offensive odor substances was analyzed statistically. At landfill site, the analysis shows that the correlation coefficient between the concentration of complex odor and ammonia was quite high (0.833), but it was much lower (0.129) in the surrounding areas due to considerably lower concentrations of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Lim
- Climate Change Mitigation Team, Ministry of Environment, 11 Doum 6-ro, Sejong Special Self-Governing City 30103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Seok Cha
- Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Unit, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Fiji
| | - Bu-Joo Kong
- Air Pollution Engineering Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwankyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Baek
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gwacheon-si, Gyoyukwon-ro 98, Kyeonggi-do, 13840, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Yao XZ, Ma RC, Song QC, Long Y, He R. Methanethiol generation potential from anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste in landfills. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23992-24001. [PMID: 28879507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Volatile sulfur compounds are the main odorants at landfills. In this study, methanethiol (CH3SH) was chosen as a typical volatile organic sulfur compound, and its generation potential was investigated during the anaerobic degradation of the organic fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW) including rice, flour food, vegetable, fish and pork, paper, cellulose textile, and yard wastes. Among the experimental wastes, gas generation was the highest in the fish and pork waste with a high CH3SH concentration of up to 2.5% (v/v). Sulfur reduction in the solid phase was mostly converted into gaseous sulfur compounds. During the whole experiment, the cumulative CH3SH generation from the fish and pork waste was 0.139 L kgdw-1, which was about 2 and 6 orders of magnitude higher than that from the other experimental wastes. The ratio of CH3SH-S to TS reduction was 31.56% in the fish and pork waste. These results would be helpful to understand the generation of volatile sulfur compounds during the anaerobic degradation of MSW and develop techniques to control odor pollution at landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Yao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruo-Chan Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruo He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Sun Z, Cheng Z, Wang L, Lou Z, Zhu N, Zhou X, Feng L. The typical MSW odorants identification and the spatial odorants distribution in a large-scale transfer station. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7705-7713. [PMID: 28124270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Odorants from municipal solid waste (MSW) were complex variable, and the screening of key offensive odorants was the prerequisite for odor control process. In this study, spatial odor emissions and environmental impacts were investigated based on a large-scale working waste transfer station (LSWTS) using waste container system, and a comprehensive odor characterization method was developed and applied in terms of the odor concentration (OC), theory odor concentration (TOC), total chemical concentration (TCC), and electric nose (EN). The detected odor concentration ranged from 14 to 28 (dimensionless), and MSW container showed the highest OC value of 28, EN of 78, and TCC of 35 (ppm) due to the accumulation of leachate and residual MSW. Ninety-two species odorants were identified, and H2S, NH3, benzene, styrene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane were the main contributors in the container, while benzene, m,p,x-xylene, butanone, acetone, isopropanol, and ethyl acetate were predominant in the compression surface (CS) and compression plant (CP). Side of roads (SR) and unload hall (UH) showed low odorous impact. Based on this odor list, 20 species of odor substances were screened for the priority control through the synthetic evaluation method, considering the odorants concentrations, toxicity, threshold values, detection frequency, saturated vapor pressure, and appeared frequency. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Luochun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyang Lou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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15
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Curren J, Hallis SA, Snyder CCL, Suffet IMH. Identification and quantification of nuisance odors at a trash transfer station. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 58:52-61. [PMID: 27692531 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified Odor Profile Method (OPM) at a trash transfer station (TTS). An updated Landfill Odor Wheel was used to define odor character and distinguish among odor sources. The Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA) intensity scale was used to rank the relative intensity of the various odor characters defined by the odor wheel and to understand how each odor profile changed off site. Finally, the odor wheel was used to select the appropriate chemical analysis to identify the odorants causing the odors identified by the human panelists. The OPM was demonstrated as an effective tool for characterizing and distinguishing odor sources at a TTS. Municipal solid waste (MSW) odors were characterized as rancid, sulfur, and fragrant; rancid odors were dominant in the odor profile on-site, while sulfur odors dominated off-site. Targeted chemical analysis was used to identify odorants potentially responsible for odors at the site. Methyl mercaptan (rotten vegetable) and hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg) were identified as the odorants most likely to be responsible for the sulfur odors at the site. Acetaldehyde (sweet, fruity), acetic acid (vinegar), and butyric acid (rancid) were identified as the odorants mostly likely to be causing the rancid and sour odors. Terpenes/pine odors were observed near the greenwaste pile. Results confirm that the OPM, together with properly selected chemical analyses, can be a useful tool for identifying and quantifying the sources of odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Curren
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Samantha A Hallis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Cherie Cher L Snyder
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765, United States.
| | - Irwin Mel H Suffet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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16
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Pazoki M, Maleki Delarestaghi R, Rezvanian MR, Ghasemzade R, Dalaei P. Gas Production Potential in the Landfill of Tehran by Landfill Methane Outreach Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjhs-29679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Asakura H. Sulfate and organic matter concentration in relation to hydrogen sulfide generation at inert solid waste landfill site - Limit value for gypsum. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:328-334. [PMID: 26123977 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to suggest a limit value for gypsum (CaSO4) for the suppression of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation at an inert solid waste landfill site, the relationship between raw material (SO4 and organic matter) for H2S generation and generated H2S concentration, and the balance of raw material (SO4) and product (H2S) considering generation and outflow were investigated. SO4 concentration should be less than approximately 100mg-SO4/L in order to suppress H2S generation to below 2000ppm. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration should be less than approximately 200mg-C/L assuming a high SO4 concentration. The limit value for SO4 in the ground is 60mg-SO4/kg with 0.011wt% as gypsum dihydrate, i.e., approximately 1/10 of the limit value in inert waste as defined by the EU Council Decision (560mg-SO4/kg-waste). The limit value for SO4 in inert waste as defined by the EU Council Decision is high and TOC is strictly excluded. The cumulative amount of SO4 outflow through the liquid phase is much larger than that through the gas phase. SO4 concentration in pore water decreases with time, reaching half the initial concentration around day 100. SO4 reduction by rainfall can be expected in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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18
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Lou Z, Wang M, Zhao Y, Huang R. The contribution of biowaste disposal to odor emission from landfills. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:479-484. [PMID: 25947217 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.1002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The biowaste fractions in municipal solid waste (MSW) are the main odor sources in landfill and cause widespread complaints from residents. The ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation processes were simulated and compared between four typical biowaste fractions individually and combined in the mixed MSW. Food waste was found to be the main contributor to odor emission in mixed MSW, with H2S generation potential of 48.4 μg kg(-1) and NH3 generation potential of 4742 μg kg(-1). Fruit waste was another source for NH3 generation, with 3933 μg kg(-1) NH3 generation potential. Meanwhile, nitrogen (N) was released in a faster way than sulfur (S) in waste, since 31% and 46% of total NH3 and H2S were generated in the first 90 days after disposal, with 1811 and 72 μg kg(-1), and more emphasis should be placed in this initial period. IMPLICATIONS Monitoring of odor generation from biowastes in MSW on a laboratory scale showed that food waste is the main source for NH3 and H2S generation, whereas waste fruit is another main contributor for NH3 released. Generally, N was released in a faster way than S from mixed-waste landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Lou
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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