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Agovino M, Cerciello M, Musella G, Garofalo A. European waste management regulations and the transition towards circular economy. A shift-and-share analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120423. [PMID: 38401501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental legislation in the European Union (EU) aims to bolster the transition towards circular economy. However, a recurring limitation in EU regulations, encompassing not only environmental but also economic, social, and demographic aspects, is the lack of consideration for the unique characteristics of individual Member States when establishing common targets. The present work seeks to investigate the impact of EU waste management regulations on the attainment of circular economy objectives, taking into account national-level socio-economic and demographic characteristics. In order to do so, we employ Shift-and-Share Analysis, using data on 28 EU countries between 1995 and 2018. Our findings indicate that some Member States, namely Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg and Slovenia, effectively managed to align their regulatory frameworks with EU directives and create a socio-economic context where citizens and governmental bodies foster the necessary levels of cooperation. Cooperation in turn, with widespread pro-environmental attitudes on part of citizens, efficient waste management on part of specialised firms and proper oversight of waste collection activities on part of institutions, facilitated the achievement of significant circular economy goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agovino
- Department of Economic, Legal, Computer and Sports Studies (DiSEGIM), University of Naples Parthenope, Via Guglielmo Pepe, Rione Gescal, 800035, Nola (NA), Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Cerciello
- Department of Economic & Legal Studies (DiSEG), University of Naples Parthenope, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Musella
- University of Naples "Parthenope", Department of Medical, Exercise and Wellbeing Sciences (DiSMMEB), Via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Economic & Legal Studies (DiSEG), University of Naples Parthenope, Italy, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132, Napoli, Italy
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2
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Romano G, Masserini L. Pay-as-you-throw tariff and sustainable urban waste management: An empirical analysis of relevant effects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119211. [PMID: 37801946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable waste management presents a critical global challenge, necessitating the development of strategies for waste reduction and enhanced recycling. This study explores the impact of pay-as-you-throw tariffs (PAYTT) on promoting sustainable urban waste management. Propensity score matching was employed to analyse data from 7583 Italian municipalities. The study assesses the effects of PAYTT on both total and unsorted urban waste and evaluates their influence on the quantity and quality of separate waste collection. The findings indicate that the implementation of PAYTT effectively aligns with EU waste hierarchy policies. Municipalities adopting PAYTT experience reduced total and unsorted waste generation, along with improved quantity and quality of separate waste collections. Consequently, PAYTT holds significant potential for widespread application throughout the EU, contributing to enhanced separate waste collection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Romano
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucio Masserini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Nogueira LA. Exploring the industrial dynamics of waste management and recycling: A call for research and a proposed agenda. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:33-39. [PMID: 37544232 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The waste management sector is undergoing profound transformations that challenge its structures and institutions. The function and position of waste management and recycling companies have been changing, and this process accelerates as the circular economy consolidates as part of the strategy to implement green shifts. This article argues that scholars, practitioners and policymakers interested in waste management could benefit from building bridges with the field of industrial dynamics. Industrial dynamics is concerned with the driving forces of economic transformation, with focus on not just outcomes but processes and structures. This type of research is crucial in face of transformations going on in the sector. Three crucial themes for cross-disciplinary investigation are: (i) industry evolution and institutions, (ii) business organization and management, and (iii) technological change, innovation and entrepreneurship. Waste management is a lively, complex and diverse sector, whose process of reinvention present the opportunity to research profound industrial transformations in real time. By systematically investigating the industrial dynamics of waste management, it becomes possible to uncover the structural changes underpinning the transformation of waste into resources, their driving forces and the directions to which they point, while mindful of the evolving discourses and the wider technological and institutional landscape.
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4
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Mederake L. Without a Debate on Sufficiency, a Circular Plastics Economy will Remain an Illusion. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 3:1-15. [PMID: 36531658 PMCID: PMC9749638 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-022-00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To tackle the "plastic crisis", the concept of circular economy has attracted considerable attention over the past years, both by practitioners and scholars alike. Against this background, this article reflects from a political scientist's point of view on key issues currently under discussion regarding the implementation of a circular plastics economy. To do so, the article covers issues raised at the 2021 edition of the Tutzing Symposion, an annual event organized by DECHEMA, the German Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. These issues include renewable feedstock, life cycle assessments, chemical recycling, appropriate regulatory frameworks, and the allocation of responsibilities to curb plastic pollution. In addition, the article draws on mainly social scientists' research to point out limitations of the most common understanding of the circular economy concept which describes the circular economy as a holistic approach that enables eco-economic decoupling and thus prevents ecological collapse while still allowing for economic growth. As a result, the article calls for a paradigm shift that challenges this popular, technocratic vision of the circular economy and puts forward sufficiency, i.e., an absolute reduction in production and consumption, as a prerequisite for the realization of a truly circular plastics economy.
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5
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Sustainable Development Goals Data-Driven Local Policy: Focus on SDG 11 and SDG 12. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci12040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste charging schemes can be powerful drivers for local policy efforts in reaching the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on an economic lever to meet SDG 11, Target 11.6 and SDG 12, Target 12.5 by applying the polluter-pays principle to waste management that also depends on user engagement through modern incentivizing charging systems. Unit pricing schemes in municipal solid waste management are often associated with a higher percentage of separated waste, less per capita waste production, and reduced service costs. We checked whether unit pricing schemes and the percentage of the sorted waste collection were correlated, assessed whether there is an impact on per capita waste generation, examined the impact on the total cost of management, and explored how specific phases of waste management were affected. The analysis was based on an empirical sample of 1,636 municipalities, of which 506 had unit pricing schemes in place. Our results confirm that unit pricing schemes can be associated with a higher percentage of sorted waste collection and less per capita waste generation. The impact of unit pricing on the total cost of management was not found to be significant, probably due to different impacts on specific services and phases of waste management. The policy implications are as follows: it is suggested that public administrators put data-driven policy targets into government programs that are applied at an operational level by competent municipal civil servants and codified into single programming documents for contracting waste management utilities according to SDG 11 Target 11.6 and SDG 12 Target 12.5.
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6
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Wang X, Zheng C, Mutuc EB, Su N, Hu T, Zhou H, Fan C, Hu F, Wei S. How Does Organizational Unlearning Influence Product Innovation Performance? Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamism. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840775. [PMID: 36033036 PMCID: PMC9399739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Product innovation integrates technology, knowledge, management practices, and market innovation, making it essential to gain a competitive advantage. Effective management of dynamic knowledge, which is the foundation of and driving force for product innovation, is a powerful tool that allows a firm to successfully innovate, adapt to environmental changes, and improve its competitiveness. In the "nanosecond age," unlearning and learning in an organization is crucial to a firm's ability to promptly update its organizational knowledge and maintain innovation vitality. Based on the dynamic knowledge management perspective, this study integrates and constructs a theoretical model with environmental dynamism as the moderating variable, discusses the impact of organizational unlearning on product innovation performance, and empirically analyzes 208 valid questionnaires in the Yangtze River Delta using the multiple regression method. The results show that organizational unlearning shares a positive relationship with dynamic capabilities and product innovation performance. Dynamic capability is positively related to product innovation performance and has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between organizational unlearning and product innovation performance. Environmental dynamism shares a positive moderating effect on the relationship between organizational unlearning and product innovation performance. This study deepens the existing research on the factors that influence product innovation performance, which may help firms improve their dynamic knowledge management and product innovation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Eugene Burgos Mutuc
- College of Business Administration, Bulacan State University, Malolos, Philippines
| | - Ning Su
- School of MBA, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- School of MBA, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuhong Fan
- School of MBA, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Institute of International Business and Economics Innovation and Governance, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobin Wei
- Institute of Spatial Planning & Design, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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Ukkonen A, Sahimaa O. Weight-based pay-as-you-throw pricing model: Encouraging sorting in households through waste fees. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 135:372-380. [PMID: 34600295 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste is associated with different systemic challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity, and ocean plastic pollution. European countries are striving towards more circular material use and the European Commission has advocated the use of economic incentives to boost recycling. The pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) scheme is an economic instrument that applies the 'polluter pays' principle by charging for waste according to the actual amount of generated waste. Volume-based PAYT fees have shown to be potentially less effective in waste prevention and recycling than weight-based fees. This paper illustrates how waste management operators can price residual waste with weight-based fees that encourage recycling, are fair with respect to service levels, and cover the current income for municipal waste operators. The result, obtained by forming equations satisfying the above conditions, is a model with a linear, discrete price function, where the price of the residual waste generated by the citizen is a function of the service level. This model encourages efficient source separation through internal subsidies, wherein a citizen can decrease the price of household waste by 32% if they increase the sorting efficiency from a default of 40% to 80% efficiency. The application of the model was illustrated in a case example. The model developed in this study can be used to implement weight-based PAYT schemes locally, thereby supporting the formulation of waste management systems that facilitate waste reduction and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Ukkonen
- Institute of Transport Economics Norway, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Sahimaa
- Aalto University School of Business, P.O. Box 31000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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8
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Roche Cerasi I, Sánchez FV, Gallardo I, Górriz MÁ, Torrijos P, Aliaga C, Franco J. Household plastic waste habits and attitudes: A pilot study in the city of Valencia. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:679-689. [PMID: 33749406 PMCID: PMC8165643 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x21996415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bearing in mind that only 42% of plastic packaging post-consumer waste is recycled in Europe, the European Directive 2018/852 established the key target of a 55% plastic packaging waste recycling rate by 2030. For this reason, PlastiCircle, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program project, aims to foster the recycling of packaging, improve all stages of the waste collection, and promote responsible consumption. Three European cities have been selected as locations for pilot implementation: Valencia (Spain), Utrecht (The Netherlands) and Alba Iulia (Romania). The main objective of the present study has been to evaluate the participants' opinion and attitudes on plastic recycling. This paper presents the results from the district of San Marcelino in the city of Valencia, the first PlastiCircle pilot to face the challenges of encouraging households to participate more in plastic waste sorting and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iris Gallardo
- ITENE, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Górriz
- ITENE, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, Spain
| | - Paula Torrijos
- ITENE, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, Spain
| | - César Aliaga
- ITENE, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, Spain
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9
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Tong YD, Huynh TDX, Khong TD. Understanding the role of informal sector for sustainable development of municipal solid waste management system: A case study in Vietnam. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:118-127. [PMID: 33611156 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the informal sector of waste collection has an important role in income diversification for the poor and contribution to waste recycling, this sector is still not recognised in any government official policies and is usually underestimated in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. This paper employs a systems thinking approach to analyse the crucial roles of the informal sector in solid waste management (SWM) system in Vietnam. From a circular economy viewpoint, the flow diagram was built for the first time, which could integrate the actors and activities of the informal sector into a wider SWM system in Vietnam. The map focuses on analysing the contributions and activities of the informal sector, focusing on its roles and impacts on the recycling system. This paper then employed the systems thinking approach to further analyse the systematic problem of the informal sector. The analysis builds on the field survey including elements and key driving forces of the systems with 36 scrap dealers, 127 scrap buyers, and 760 households and in-depth interviews with experts in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam. Based on the practices and experience in waste-related activities of informal sector, this sector should be integrated into the general waste management process. With the relevance of informal systems, the authorities could establish an effective waste recycling system, and improve the livelihoods and working conditions of those involved, especially the poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Dan Tong
- School of Economics, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Tien Dung Khong
- School of Economics, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam.
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10
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Gaeta GL, Ghinoi S, Silvestri F, Tassinari M. Innovation in the solid waste management industry: Integrating neoclassical and complexity theory perspectives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:50-58. [PMID: 33279826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Often considered a traditional labour intensive activity, in recent years, the solid waste management (SWM) industry has been largely interested in innovation. Nonetheless, the analysis of innovations in the SW industry is frequently confined to process innovation in the disposal segment, neglecting other kinds of innovation - such as product innovation and organizational innovation - in other segments. While several economic theoretical frameworks have been developed for interpreting eco-innovation in general, a specific analysis of innovation in each segment of SWM is still missing, despite the specificities of this sector. To fill this gap, this paper shows how complexity theory can be profitably used to integrate the more traditional neoclassical approach, offering a comprehensive theoretical framework to analyse innovation in the SWM industry from both a market and firm perspective (the neoclassical approach) and from a social perspective (the complexity theory framework). Four main typologies of the SW market system, exhibiting different kinds of innovation, are outlined: (i) a "traditional" landfill-oriented system; (ii) a modern "waste-to-energy" incinerator-oriented system; (iii) a "light recycling" system with integrated solutions and a selection performance that is lower than 50%; and (iv) a "hard recycling" system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gaeta
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Naples L'Orientale, Italy
| | - S Ghinoi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of International Business and Economics, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - F Silvestri
- Department of Communication Science and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; eco&eco Ltd., Italy.
| | - M Tassinari
- Department of Law, University of Macerata, Italy
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11
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Alzamora BR, Barros RTDV. Review of municipal waste management charging methods in different countries. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 115:47-55. [PMID: 32717551 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipalities have been facing problems to keep the management of their municipal solid waste (MSW) in financial balance. Increasing public awareness, stricter legislation and large generation of MSW have led to high costs concerning related services. Therefore cities are starting to charge their citizens for the services provision and methods utilized vary significantly. They can range from a flat rate to the so named "pay as you throw" (PAYT), a proportional system in which the total amount varies according to the waste generated individually. In a scenario of little information regarding charging systems, this research consulted academic material, official websites and documents of the studied countries, as well as national legislation, in order to learn how countries with different characteristics charge their citizens for MSW management. It was observed a great variation in charging systems and prices: usually the more developed a country is, the more sophisticated it is in terms of charging schemes. Developed countries are ahead in terms of not only charging systems' existence but also their type, with a larger PAYT presence throughout their territories. Developing countries on the other hand still do not charge and/or are struggling to universalize the charging, since most municipalities still finance the service through general taxes. When utilized, the charging method usually chosen is the flat rate, for its simplicity of calculation and understanding. For improvements in charging systems it is necessary not only the presence of a legal framework, but most importantly a greater maturity regarding SW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ribas Alzamora
- School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Block 1 - s/4624, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Tobias de V Barros
- School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Block 1 - s/4624, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
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12
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Di Foggia G, Beccarello M. The impact of a gain-sharing cost-reflective tariff on waste management cost under incentive regulation: The Italian case. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110526. [PMID: 32275246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In many European countries, waste tariff systems are being updated to take account of the consolidation of circular economy objectives. We forecast the impact of a gain-sharing cost-reflective tariff on waste management sustainability. The cost-reflective tariff generates an economic surplus for society, while meeting environmental goals. Based on empirical data we developed two scenarios. The baseline scenario formalizes the current Italian tariff scheme, while the intervention scenario includes users' response to a gainsharing policy. By optimizing the tariff structure, society would benefit from a surplus that could be reached setting an asymmetric regulation based on current waste management efficiency level. Our results will potentially be a basis for directing waste management policy as per tariff design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Di Foggia
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Via B. Degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Beccarello
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Via B. Degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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13
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Magrini C, D'Addato F, Bonoli A. Municipal solid waste prevention: A review of market-based instruments in six European Union countries. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:3-22. [PMID: 31928165 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19894622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on quantitative prevention of municipal solid waste among the 28 member countries of the European Union. A strict definition of waste prevention is used, including waste avoidance, waste reduction at source or in process, and product reuse, while recycling is outside the scope of this article. In order to provide a solid overview of the European situation, the study selected six countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain). Several selection requirements have been considered, such as geographic location or municipal solid waste per capita production trends from 1995 to 2017. A review of prevention programmes and other national strategic documents has been conducted. Extended producer responsibility, Pay-As-You-Throw schemes, Deposit-Refund Systems and Environmental Taxes implementation among the selected countries have been studied in order to understand how these market-based instruments can be used for the sake of waste prevention. Each market-based instrument has been further analysed using the Drivers Pressures State Impact Response model. Based on the results of this study, the effectiveness of market-based instruments implementation is strictly related to the context they are enforced in. It is particularly important to tailor the market-based instruments based on the implementation area. Nevertheless, market-based instruments, which are now mostly meant to boost the recycling sector of the considered Member States, should be designed to improve waste prevention performances, ensuring the achievement of the highest level of waste hierarchy promoted by the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Magrini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering-DICAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo D'Addato
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering-DICAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonoli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering-DICAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Slavík J, Pavel J, Arltová M. Variable charges and municipal budget balance: Communicating vessels of the waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 257:109976. [PMID: 31868640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slavík
- IEEP, Institute for Economic and Environmental Policy, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Moskevska 54, Usti nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Pavel
- University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Department of Public Finance, W. Churchill Sq. 4, 130 67,Prague 3, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Arltová
- University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Department of Public Finance, W. Churchill Sq. 4, 130 67,Prague 3, Czech Republic.
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15
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Diaz-Farina E, Díaz-Hernández JJ, Padrón-Fumero N. The contribution of tourism to municipal solid waste generation: A mixed demand-supply approach on the island of Tenerife. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:587-597. [PMID: 31778970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tourism contributes substantially to municipal solid waste generation, yet the waste from tourism systematically remains hidden behind residential waste flows. As a result, municipal fees are set without precise information about waste producers' contributions, causing budget imbalances and cross-subsidies between residential and economic activities. To estimate tourism's contribution to mixed waste generation in an island destination, socio-demographic, economic and disposal-related factors are modelled using municipal panel data from 2004 to 2015 for Tenerife (Spain). In contrast to previous studies, a mixed demand-supply approach is adopted to estimate the contribution of main tourism activities to mixed waste generation, thus, differentiating between tourists and residents' contributions. An auxiliary model is used to isolate employment levels in tourism activities attributable to residents' consumption and to capture tourists' and residents' mobility on the island. Estimates show that main tourism activities generate 0.40 kg of mixed waste per tourist daily, while residential and economic sectors account for 1.19 kg per resident daily. This tourism contribution is significantly lower compared to other studies, as it captures tourism's contribution to mixed waste generation, attributable only to tourists, following a mixed demand-supply approach. These results shift impacts from tourists to main tourism activities, which highlights the choices made by producers rather than the final customers and reinforces the producers extended responsibility principle. The implementation of a Pay-As-You-Throw tariff for mixed waste is discussed as a way of promoting waste prevention and recycling, as well as avoiding cross-subsidies among waste producers and, as a result, imbalances in municipal budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Diaz-Farina
- Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of La Laguna, Spain.
| | | | - Noemi Padrón-Fumero
- Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of La Laguna, Spain
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Abstract
In this work, a deep economic and technical analysis for the enhancement of e-waste hierarchy applied to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is presented. Nowadays, the RFID technology represents a valuable solution for many applications to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply chain, as well as for enhanced people or object identification and smart devices. This leads to massive usage of such devices that could represent a threat to the environment, since they are often considered as generic waste and no specific e-waste policy has been identified for RFID. For these reasons, the paper presents a study based on the desk research technique to propose several possibilities currently available for producers of different RFID devices in order to mitigate this problem at every e-waste hierarchy stage, i.e., ecological design and prevention, reuse, recycle, and disposal. Moreover, a cost/benefit analysis has been reported in order to highlight the economic advantages related to the RFID tags reuse, as well as environmental impact reduction. Results proved that passive RFID tags represent the major candidate for the e-waste hierarchy enhancement at every level, demonstrating that it is more convenient for the producer to consider an ecologically aware design and promote a take-back system for tags in order to take advantages from the solution proposed for the RFID e-waste hierarchy.
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17
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Chu Z, Wang W, Zhou A, Huang WC. Charging for municipal solid waste disposal in Beijing. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 94:85-94. [PMID: 31279399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the various ways of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal that are currently in practice, this paper proposes a bundle pricing model of MSW disposal in Beijing, China. The bundle pricing model is set according to per capita annual disposable income, per capita annual consumption expenditure and MSW disposal cost based on the cost reimbursement principle and complementarity principle. This paper first estimates the unit costs of landfill and incineration respectively, and then designs three bundling packages according to three different income levels of households in Beijing (low-income households, middle-income households and high-income households). Specifically, based on our bundle pricing model, we propose to charge low-income households (of the average size of 3 persons) MSW fees 5.64 RMB per month, middle-income households 10.16 RMB, and high-income households 20.70 RMB per month. We also discuss and explain how the proposed mechanism can be expected to not only mitigate the capital shortage problem, but also reduce MSW quantity and improve the MSW incineration disposal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujie Chu
- The School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wenna Wang
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - An Zhou
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49009, USA.
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18
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Wu WN, Liu LY, Brough C. No time for composting: Subjective time pressure as a barrier to citizen engagement in curbside composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 91:99-107. [PMID: 31203948 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Citizen engagement in waste management and recycling programs is crucial in achieving environmental sustainability. Existing studies have explored the determinants of waste management and recycling behavior as well as the adoption of selected waste management and recycling programs at both the individual and organizational levels. However, existing research has not explored, from a civic engagement perspective, why individuals who possess selected waste management and recycling tools fail to use them. Through individual level analysis, this study examines the reasons why residents fail to use their green curbside composting carts. Results indicate that subjective time pressure explains why individuals do not use their composting carts. Additionally, age and household size have different effects on the failure to use green curbside composting carts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ning Wu
- Institute of Public Affairs Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yin Liu
- Department of Political Science, University of Dayton, United States.
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19
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Ali M, Geng Y, Robins D, Cooper D, Roberts W, Vogtländer J. Improvement of waste management practices in a fast expanding sub-megacity in Pakistan, on the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 85:253-263. [PMID: 30803579 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with an analysis of waste management practices in the fast-growing city of Gujranwala with 2.6 million inhabitants, with a fast growing middle income group of 56%, and an urbanization rate of 3.49% per annum. This city is like many other cities in the developing world, characterised by hardly any waste management infrastructure. The study comprises: (1) an inventory of current waste flows, per income group as well as per season, (2) an inventory of waste management shortcomings, (3)) a what-if analysis on the carbon footprint of three waste treatment techniques. The inventory of current waste flows is based on a comprehensive site study involving 776 samples in total. The waste management shortcomings have been qualitatively analysed by Wasteaware model, which deals with physical aspects (public health, environmental control, resource management) as well as governance factors (user & provider inclusivity, financial stability, institutions & policies). The what-if analysis of the carbon footprint has been based on an LCA-based tool. The findings of this study are that: (1) the optimum choice of waste treatment scenario differs for the seasons, (2) the high and middle income groups have nearly half of the share of the waste (3) the Wasteaware system appears to be a powerful tool to communicate the weak spots and to make stakeholders aware of the opportunities for improvement. The novelty of this paper is that it focused on the impact of household income groups in combination with seasonal differences while comparing different waste disposal scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ali
- University of Chichester Business School, Bognor Regis Campus, Upper Bognor Road, Bognor Regis, West Sussex PO21 1HR, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yong Geng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dawn Robins
- University of Chichester Business School, Bognor Regis Campus, Upper Bognor Road, Bognor Regis, West Sussex PO21 1HR, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Cooper
- University of Chichester Business School, Bognor Regis Campus, Upper Bognor Road, Bognor Regis, West Sussex PO21 1HR, United Kingdom
| | - Will Roberts
- University of Chichester Business School, Bognor Regis Campus, Upper Bognor Road, Bognor Regis, West Sussex PO21 1HR, United Kingdom
| | - Joost Vogtländer
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Technical University of Delft, Netherlands
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20
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The Perceived Role of Financial Incentives in Promoting Waste Recycling—Empirical Evidence from Finland. RECYCLING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Placing emphasis on promoting the reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery and repair of waste has been a critical aspect of the sustainable waste management agenda. Considering recycling, an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management option, monetary rewards are in place for certain recyclable municipal waste materials in Finland. The study investigates consumers’ perception about the role of financial incentives in effecting the recycling of municipal solid waste materials in Finland. The study also considers drivers for recycling municipal solid waste on the basis of behavioural change factors, such as environmental risk, behavioural economics, resource value, economic benefit, convenience, knowledge, legislation and belief. It further determines the association between income-earning consumers and non-income-earning consumers in their perception of financial incentives for recycling. The empirical results from the study confirm that the role of financial incentive is important in accelerating the recycling of municipal solid waste. A weak-to-positive relationship exists between drivers for recycling municipal solid waste and recycling behaviour. There exists no statistically significant difference in the means of the perceived role of financial incentives for recycling in the two groups. The introduction of financial incentives for other recyclable wastes is required in order to boost consumers’ participation in the recycling of municipal solid waste. The need to pay more attention to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as they affect the participation members of the society in the recycling of municipal solid waste, is paramount. This has become necessary in ensuring sustainable waste management in Finland.
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Esmaeilian B, Wang B, Lewis K, Duarte F, Ratti C, Behdad S. The future of waste management in smart and sustainable cities: A review and concept paper. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 81:177-195. [PMID: 30527034 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential of smart cities in remediating environmental problems in general and waste management, in particular, is an important question that needs to be investigated in academic research. Built on an integrative review of the literature, this study offers insights into the potential of smart cities and connected communities in facilitating waste management efforts. Shortcomings of existing waste management practices are highlighted and a conceptual framework for a centralized waste management system is proposed, where three interconnected elements are discussed: (1) an infrastructure for proper collection of product lifecycle data to facilitate full visibility throughout the entire lifespan of a product, (2) a set of new business models relied on product lifecycle data to prevent waste generation, and (3) an intelligent sensor-based infrastructure for proper upstream waste separation and on-time collection. The proposed framework highlights the value of product lifecycle data in reducing waste and enhancing waste recovery and the need for connecting waste management practices to the whole product life-cycle. An example of the use of tracking and data sharing technologies for investigating the waste management issues has been discussed. Finally, the success factors for implementing the proposed framework and some thoughts on future research directions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Esmaeilian
- Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbraham Road, Springfield, MA 01119, USA.
| | - Ben Wang
- The H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Drive, NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Kemper Lewis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 318 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Fabio Duarte
- Urban Management, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; The Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Carlo Ratti
- The Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Sara Behdad
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 318 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 243 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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22
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Elia V, Gnoni MG, Tornese F. Improving logistic efficiency of WEEE collection through dynamic scheduling using simulation modeling. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:78-86. [PMID: 29146398 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of collection systems for Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in the EU is increasing, due to the latest directive that sets new collection targets and modes. The high variability and the uncertainty of reverse flows require innovative logistic approaches. One recent option for increasing efficiency and responsiveness in waste collection services, boosted by new technological solutions for waste level monitoring, is to adopt a dynamic collection scheme, where the collection frequency is not established a priori (based on a fixed plan), but it is based on the actual filling levels of waste bins. This option can allow the service provider to plan the collection service following the actual demand, resulting in a more responsive service, while improving the logistic efficiency. This paper evaluates the implementation of dynamic scheduling schemes for the collection of WEEE. A hybrid simulation model has been developed in order to support researchers and practitioners in assessing quantitative impacts of adopting dynamic scheduling in WEEE collection. Three logistic alternatives (a fixed collection schedule scheme, a pure dynamic scheme and a mixed one) have been compared in a test case based on data of an Italian municipality; collection services for different types of WEEE (i.e. large appliances and small items) have been analyzed. Results show a promising performance of dynamic schedules compared to the fixed one, revealing, for the specific test case, how a mixed solution can combine the advantages of dynamic and fixed scheduling, gaining flexibility towards customer demand while improving truck resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Elia
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Gnoni
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tornese
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Chu Z, Wu Y, Zhuang J. Municipal household solid waste fee based on an increasing block pricing model in Beijing, China. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:228-235. [PMID: 28219297 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16681462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to design an increasing block pricing model to estimate the waste fee with the consideration of the goals and principles of municipal household solid waste pricing. The increasing block pricing model is based on the main consideration of the per capita disposable income of urban residents, household consumption expenditure, production rate of waste disposal industry, and inflation rate. The empirical analysis is based on survey data of 5000 households in Beijing, China. The results indicate that the current uniform price of waste disposal is set too high for low-income people, and waste fees to the household disposable income or total household spending ratio are too low for the medium- and high-income families. An increasing block pricing model can prevent this kind of situation, and not only solve the problem of lack of funds, but also enhance the residents' awareness of environmental protection. A comparative study based on the grey system model is made by having a preliminary forecast for the waste emissions reduction effect of the pay-as-you-throw programme in the next 5 years of Beijing, China. The results show that the effect of the pay-as-you-throw programme is not only to promote the energy conservation and emissions reduction, but also giving a further improvement of the environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujie Chu
- 1 School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
- 2 School of Economics and Management Research Institute of Disaster and Crisis Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunga Wu
- 1 School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
- 2 School of Economics and Management Research Institute of Disaster and Crisis Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- 3 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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24
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Assessing the Efficiency of a PSS Solution for Waste Collection: A Simulation Based Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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