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Li X, Sun Y, Li W, Nie Y, Wang F, Bian R, Wang H, Wang YN, Gong Z, Lu J, Gao W, Lu C. Solidification/stabilization pre-treatment coupled with landfill disposal of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash in China: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135479. [PMID: 39141943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The growth in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has resulted in a substantial rise in the production of fly ash in China. It is anticipated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan", the accumulated amount of fly ash stocked and disposed of at landfills will surpass 100 million tons. With the development of the economy and the implementation of garbage classification relevant policies, the pollution characteristics of heavy metal change in spatiotemporal distribution. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) pre-treatment coupled with landfill disposal is the mainstream method for fly ash. This study provides a systematic overview and comparison of the current application status and research on the mechanism of S/S technology, and the long-term stability of solidified/stabilized fly ash is a crucial factor in controlling the risks of landfills. Subsequently, it examines the influencing factors and mechanisms associated with heavy metals leaching under different environmental scenarios (meteorological factors, leachate and acid rain erosion, and carbonation, etc.), and concludes that single stabilization technology is difficult to meet long-term landfill requirements. Finally, the limits of heavy metal leaching toxicity evaluation methods and landfilled fly ash supervision were discussed, and relevant suggestions for future development were proposed. This study can provide theoretical instruction and technical support for the risk control of potential environmental risks of heavy metals in solidified/stabilized fly ash from landfills in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Yanqi Nie
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Fuhao Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhaoguo Gong
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Qingdao SUS Renewable Energy Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266113, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Chenggang Lu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
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2
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Zarębska K, Szczurowski J, Muszyńska J, Baran P. Geopolymer Materials from Fly Ash-A Sustainable Approach to Hazardous Waste Management. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3515. [PMID: 39063807 PMCID: PMC11278472 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the utilisation challenges of fly ash from municipal waste incineration, specifically focusing on ash from a dry desulphurisation plant (DDS), which is categorised as hazardous due to its high heavy metal content. The ash's low silicon and calcium contents restrict its standalone utility. Laboratory investigations initially revealed that geopolymers derived solely from fly ash after flue gas treatment (FGT), in combination with coal combustion fly ash, exhibited low compressive strength (below 0.6 MPa). However, the study demonstrated significant improvements by modifying the FGT ash through water leaching. This process enhanced its performance when mixed with high-silica and -aluminium fly ash, resulting in geopolymers achieving compressive strengths of up to 18 MPa. Comparable strength outcomes were observed when the modified ash was blended with commercial cement. Leachability tests conducted for heavy metals (HMs) such as copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and nickel indicated that their concentrations fell below the regulatory limits for landfill disposal: 2, 4, 0.5, 0.04, and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of water-washing FGT ash in conjunction with other materials for producing geopolymers, contributing to sustainable waste management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zarębska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Jakub Szczurowski
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Cracow, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Joanna Muszyńska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Paweł Baran
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Cracow, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (P.B.)
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Yao G, Xu R, Liang Z, Li P, Xu Y, Liu Y, Qian C, Huang Q. Evolution of physicochemical and leaching characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in China under ultra-low emission standard. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121432. [PMID: 38878573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash has changed significantly under ultra-low emission system and the current leaching system is no longer suitable for high alkalinity fly ash. This work investigated the pH values and evolution of physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash from 24 typical municipal solid waste incineration plants in China. The pH value of the leaching solution obtained by HJ/T 300-2007 presented two different acid and alkali characteristics, where high and low alkalinity fly ash accounted for 54.17% and 45.83%, respectively. The alkali content in fly ash increased significantly after ultra-low emission standard, increasing by 18.24% compared with before the implementation of GB 18485-2014. The leaching behavior of high alkalinity fly ash showed the illusion that they could enter the landfill only by the addition of a small amount of chelating agent or even without stabilization treatment, and its long-term landfill risk is significant. The phase change of high alkalinity fly ash and pH value change of the leaching solution after carbonation were the key factors for the leaching concentration change of heavy metals. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the existing leaching system or conduct accelerated carbonization experiments to scientifically evaluate the long-term leaching characteristics of high alkalinity fly ash, and to reduce the risk of heavy metal release from high alkalinity FA after entering the landfill site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Rongbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ping Li
- Tianjin Yiming Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Tianjing, 300392, China
| | - Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Can Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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4
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Li H, Peng Y, Xu M, Wang Y, Ding J, Ma B, Jin L, Lu S, Yan J. Use of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material: CO 2 mineralization coupled with mechanochemical pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117799. [PMID: 38042521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, commonly referred to as "fly ash", as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), has been explored to mitigate the CO2 emissions resulting from cement production. Nevertheless, the incorporation of fly ash as an SCM in mortar has been shown to weaken its compressive strength and increase the risk of heavy metal leaching. In light of these challenges, this study aims to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CO2 pressure, temperature, and residual water/binder ratio on the CO2 uptake and compressive strength of mortar when combined with fly ash. Additionally, this study systematically examines the feasibility of mechanochemical pretreatment, which enhances the homogenization of fly ash and augments the density of the mortar's microstructure. The results indicate that the use of mechanochemical pretreatment leads to a notable 43.6% increase in 28-day compressive strength and diminishes the leaching of As, Ba, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn by 17.9-77.8%. Finally, a reaction kinetics model is proposed to elucidate the CO2 sequestration process under varying conditions. These findings offer valuable guidance for incorporating fly ash as an SCM and CO2 sequestrator in mortar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Wuxi Huaguang Environment &Energy Group Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214131, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Wuxi Huaguang Environment &Energy Group Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214131, China
| | - Lizheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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5
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Chen J, Zhu W, Shen Y, Fu C, Li M, Lin X, Li X, Yan J. A novel method of calcium dissolution-crystallization-polymerization for stabilization/solidification of MSWI fly ash. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138465. [PMID: 36948258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) stabilization/solidification using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) oligomer is an efficient, low-carbon disposal method. The insoluble Ca in FA was converted to free-Ca, utilizing for CaCO3 oligomer preparation, which was crystallized and polymerized by thermal induction to develop continuous cross-link or bulk structures for stabilization/solidification of potentially toxic elements (PTEs, e.g., lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)). Experimental results showed that the weakly alkaline acid-leaching suspension provided an excellent condition for the generation of CaCO3 oligomers, with Pb and Zn immobilization reaching over 99.4%. With the acid strengthening of the suspension, H+ took the lead in protonating with TEA and limiting the capping action of TEA, which was harmful to the synthesis of CaCO3 oligomers. Ethanol with a low dielectric constant was considered an ideal solvent for oligomer production, and triethylamine (TEA) as a capping agent established hydrogen bonds (N⋯H) with protonated CaCO3. H2O molecules competed with the protonated CaCO3 molecules for TEA with ethanol concentration decreasing, resulting in erratic precipitation of CaCO3 molecules and significantly elevated leaching risk of Pb and Zn. The sequential extraction procedure, pH-dependent leaching, and geochemical analysis results revealed that the dissolution/precipitation of Ca, Pb, and Zn in treated FA was mostly controlled by the carbonate mineral phases. Moreover, the low boiling points of ethanol and TEA can be recovered for recycling. The gel-like, flexible combination of CaCO3 oligomers and FA particles formed by FA offers great resource utilization potential via a controlled crystallization polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhe Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congkai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 1300 Dongshengxilu Road, Jiaxing, 314031, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 1300 Dongshengxilu Road, Jiaxing, 314031, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
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6
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He T, Li J, Ma X, Da Y, Yuan H. Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Incineration Fly Ash under Different Atmospheres and Its Recovery as Cement Admixture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113923. [PMID: 37297057 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because it contains dioxins and a variety of heavy metals. It is not allowed to be directly landfilled without curing pretreatment, but the increasing production of fly ash and scarce land resources has triggered consideration of the rational disposal of fly ash. In this study, solidification treatment and resource utilization were combined, and the detoxified fly ash was used as cement admixture. The effects of thermal treatment in different atmospheres on the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and the effects of fly ash as admixture on cement properties were investigated. The results indicated that the mass of fly ash increased due to the capture of CO2 after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere. When the temperature was 500 °C, the weight gain reached the maximum. After thermal treatment (500 °C + 1 h) in air, CO2, and N2 atmospheres, the toxic equivalent quantities of dioxins in fly ash decreased to 17.12 ng TEQ/kg, 0.25 ng TEQ/kg, and 0.14 ng TEQ/kg, and the degradation rates were 69.95%, 99.56%, and 99.75%, respectively. The direct use of fly ash as admixture would increase the water consumption of standard consistency of cement and reduce the fluidity and 28 d strength of mortar. Thermal treatment in three atmospheres could inhibit the negative effect of fly ash, and the inhibition effect of thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere was the best. The fly ash after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere had the possibility of being used as admixture for resource utilization. Because the dioxins in the fly ash were effectively degraded, the prepared cement did not have the risk of heavy metal leaching, and the performance of the cement also met the requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hudie Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Yuan Q, Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang J. Characterization of heavy metals in fly ash stabilized by carbonation with supercritical CO2 coupling mechanical force. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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CO2 sequestration by direct mineral carbonation of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash in ammonium salt solution: Performance evaluation and reaction kinetics. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Khan MS, Mubeen I, Caimeng Y, Zhu G, Khalid A, Yan M. Waste to energy incineration technology: Recent development under climate change scenarios. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1708-1729. [PMID: 35719093 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the huge generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), proper management and disposal of MSW is a worldwide challenge for sustainable development of cities and high quality of citizens life. Although different disposal ways are available, incineration is a leading harmless approach to effectively recover energy among the applied technologies. The purpose of the present review paper is to detail the discussion of evolution of waste to energy incineration and specifically to highlight the currently used and advanced incineration technologies, including combined incineration with other energy, for instance, hydrogen production, coal and solar energy. In addition, the environmental performance is discussed, including the zero waste emission, leachate and fly ash treatment, climate change contribution and public behaviour. Finally, challenges, opportunities and business model are addressed. Trends and perspectives on policies and techno-economic aspects are also discussed in this review. Different simulation tools, which can be used for the thermodynamic assessment of incineration plants, are debated; life-cycle inventory emissions and most critical environmental impacts of such plants are evaluated by life-cycle analysis. This review shows that waste incineration with energy yield is advantageous to handle waste problems and it affects climate change positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Khan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mubeen
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Caimeng
- Zhejiang Zheneng Xingyuan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Zhu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azeem Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mi Yan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Fang M. Carbonation of municipal solid waste gasification fly ash: Effects of pre-washing and treatment period on carbon capture and heavy metal immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119662. [PMID: 35752393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture has become an important technology to mitigate ever-increasing CO2 emissions worldwide, and alkali waste is a potential source of CO2 capture material. Slagging-gasification is a novel technology for treating municipal solid waste (MSW), and the gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only solid residue that is not reused at present due to its high heavy metal content. GFA contains high amounts of Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)Cl, making it protentional for CO2 capture. In this study, GFA and washed gasification fly ash (WGFA) were treated with CO2 for different treatment periods. Weight changes of samples were recorded to evaluate the efficiency of CO2 capture. To assess the properties of treated GFA, pH value, leached heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and microscopic morphology were studied. The results revealed that GFA and WGFA could adsorb 18.8% and 23.7% CO2 of their weights, respectively. Carbonation could immobilize heavy metals including Pb, Zn, and Cu when a proper treatment period was applied. An excessive treatment period decreased the efficiency of heavy metal immobilization. Pre-washing is recommended as a pre-treatment method for GFA carbonation, which increased the efficiency to adsorb CO2, improved the pH of carbonated GFA, and enhanced the effect to immobilize heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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11
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Wei Y, Liu S, Yao R, Chen S, Gao J, Shimaoka T. Removal of harmful components from MSWI fly ash as a pretreatment approach to enhance waste recycling. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:110-121. [PMID: 35810727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains many harmful components that may limit its potential for recycling. An effective pretreatment is therefore required before any recycling can be implemented. In this study, the effects of four pretreatment methods (water washing, CO2-aided washing, CO32--aided washing, and CO2 and CO32--aided washing) on the extraction behavior of chloride, sulfate, and heavy metals were evaluated. Water washing was found to be effective for the extraction of all easily and moderately soluble Cl-bearing salts, achieving Cl extraction ratios of 88%, 90%, and 96% for ash from Chongqing (CQ), Qingdao (QD), and Tianjin (TJ), respectively. Injection of CO2 during washing facilitated decomposition of the hardly soluble Cl-bearing salts, increasing the Cl extraction efficiency by 6% for CQ ash and 9% for QD ash. However, for the TJ ash that contained few insoluble Cl-bearing minerals, CO2 injection decreased the Cl extraction rate. The addition of CO32- had a negative influence on Cl extraction for all ashes, but it slightly promoted sulfate extraction. Despite the high Cl removal rate, only 23-37% of the sulfate and 0.1-12% of heavy metals were removed. Overall, water-based pretreatment, especially CO2-aided washing, significantly altered the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the fly ash, making it more suitable for recycling. Consequently, the blending ratio of the fly ash for cement clinker manufacture increased from 0.2 to 0.3% in the raw ash to 3.5-5.5% in the treated ash, enabling the extensive use of ash materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Sijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ruixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Junmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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MSWI Fly Ash Multiple Washing: Kinetics of Dissolution in Water, as Function of Time, Temperature and Dilution. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) can represent a sustainable supply of supplementary material to the construction industries if it is pre-treated to remove hazardous substances such as chloride, sulfate, and heavy metals. In this paper, the phenomenology associated with a water washing multi-cycle treatment of FA is investigated, focusing attention upon the mineral dissolution process. The efficacy of the treatment is assessed by leaching tests, according to the European Standard, and discussed in light of the occurring mineral phases. The water-to-solid (L/S) ratio is a crucial parameter, along with the number of washing cycles, for removing halite and sylvite, whereas quartz, calcite, anhydrite, and an amorphous phase remain in the solid residue. The sequential extraction method and dissolution kinetics modelling provide further elements to interpret leaching processes, and suggest that dissolution takes place through a two-step mechanism. Altogether, multi-step washing with L/S = 5 is effective in reducing contaminants under the legal limits for non-hazardous waste disposal, while the legal limits for non-reactive or reusable material cannot be completely reached, owing to sulfate and some heavy metals which still leached out from the residue.
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Fang M. Carbonation treatment of gasification fly ash from municipal solid waste using sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118906. [PMID: 35091018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, slagging-gasification technology has received increasing attention in treating municipal solid waste (MSW). Compared with conventional incineration, the higher temperature in the slagging-gasification process optimizes its residue composition, and gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only unreused solid residue. Although GFA is a potential civil engineering material, its high content of heavy metals, chlorides, and sulfates hinders its practical use. Moreover, although carbonation has proven to immobilize heavy metals in incineration fly ash, the conventional gas carbonation method cannot remove chlorides and sulfates. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) treatment was studied to treat GFA for the first time, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used for comparison. Different concentrations of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 solutions were used to treat the GFA, and comprehensive tests were conducted on the treated samples. The results indicated that NaHCO3 treatment was effective in immobilizing Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in GFA, while Na2CO3 treatment could not effectively immobilize Pb and Zn. Both NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 promoted the removal of chlorides and sulfates in GFA. The wastewater from the NaHCO3 treatment contained fewer heavy metals compared with those from water washing or Na2CO3 treatment, benefitting its treatment or reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Zhu Z, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Zhou T. A novel waste-recycled chelating agent for the stabilization of lead in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Preparation, feasibility, and mechanism analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127914. [PMID: 34863573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are two key issues in the area of waste management: one is stabilizing heavy metal, lead (Pb), in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), the other is enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency from organic waste. However, the connection between both issues was limited. In this study, a novel organic chelating agent based on food waste, FW-CA, was produced for immobilizing Pb. A maximum 86.22% of polypeptide in hydrolysis liquid of FW was utilized for preparing FW-CA with a yield of 8.22 g/L. Results indicated that FW-CA-stabilized fly ash satisfied the criteria of GB 18598-2019 with a dosage of 4.6%, lower than the demand of pure chemicals and industrially applied chelating agents. After treating with FW-CA, the exchangeable and bound to carbonate fraction of Pb decreased by 5.08% and 18.57%, respectively, contributing to a low environmental risk class of the Pb assessment code. FW-CA effectively chelated Pb at a wider range of leaching pH (3.19-11.24), and the leachability was hardly affected by curing time, which were attributed to the presence of dithiocarbamate group and formation of cross-linked structure between Pb and sulfur. Overall, the unique waste-utilized chelating agent was a suitable alternative for Pb stabilization in MSWI-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Ren P, Ling TC, Mo KH. CO 2 pretreatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and its feasible use as supplementary cementitious material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127457. [PMID: 34653858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was pretreated with CO2 via slurry carbonation (SC) and dry carbonation coupled with subsequent water washing (DCW). Both the treated MSWIFAs were then used as cement replacement in cement pastes by weight of 10%, 20% and 30% to investigate the influence on hydration mechanisms, physico-mechanical characteristics and leaching properties. The results showed that carbonates formed on the surface of SC-MSWIFA particles were finer (primarily 20-50 nm calcite) than those from the corresponding DCW-MSWIFA (mostly 130-200 nm vaterite). Hence, SC-MSWIFA blended cement pastes led to shorter setting time and higher early compressive strength than the DCW-MSWIFA pastes. In contrast, the presence of vaterite-rich DCW-MSWIFA in the blended cement pastes could accelerate the cement hydration after 24 h. Both the CO2-pretreated MSWIFA can replace cement up to 30% without sacrificing the long-term strength and mechanical properties of cement pastes, demonstrating excellent performance as a supplementary cementitious material. Moreover, volume stability in terms of expansion and lead leaching of CO2-pretreated MSWIFA cement pastes were far below the regulatory limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Kim Hung Mo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Lin X, Chen J, Xu S, Mao T, Liu W, Wu J, Li X, Yan J. Solidification of heavy metals and PCDD/Fs from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by the polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132420. [PMID: 34600925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate oligomers are gel-state precursors that can be crystallized by low-temperature heat treatments to form an inorganic material with a monolithic and continuous structure, this material can effectively solidify/stabilize heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). Calcium chloride addition achieves FA stabilization/solidification by the formation and polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. The effects of calcium, triethylamine (TEA), and water-washing pretreatment on the solidification of heavy metals by the polymer were studied. Consequently, as more calcium was added, the solidification improved. When the ratio of TEA/Ca2+ was increased from 2:1 to 3:1, the solidification efficiency of As and Cd increased, but it decreased when the ratio was continuously increased to 4:1. After the water-washing pre-treatment, the MSWI FA had a significantly improved solidification effect on the heavy metals, and the solidification efficiencies of zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic were 81.9%, 90.0%, 93.5%, 91.8%, 99.6% and 95.5%, respectively. Additionally, the solidification efficiency of PCDD/Fs was 56.5%. The heavy metals and PCDD/Fs in MSWI FA solidified by physical adsorption, wrapping and chemical precipitation. The continuous calcium carbonate structure adsorbed and encased the MSWI FA, and the heavy metals in the MSWI FA were converted from a free state to carbonate precipitates through carbonation, and the carbonate precipitate was more likely to be physical solidification by calcium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaixi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Tieying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiezhen Wu
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
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Bernasconi D, Caviglia C, Destefanis E, Agostino A, Boero R, Marinoni N, Bonadiman C, Pavese A. Influence of speciation distribution and particle size on heavy metal leaching from MSWI fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:318-327. [PMID: 34929536 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI-FA) contains leachable heavy metals. In the present study the correlations between heavy metal content, particle size, speciation distribution with respect to water leaching are investigated, using a combination of solid-state bulk analytical techniques, leaching treatments, sequential extractions and thermodynamic geochemical modelling. Among the analyzed heavy metals, Zn and Pb are the most abundant in any grain size class, followed by Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni, with concentration that tends to increase with a decrease of the grain size. The phase composition is constituted of salt (halite, sylvite, anhydrite and syngenite), which provide the main minerals regardless of the particle size class; calcite, quartz and gehlenite occur in comparatively lower amounts, while 50% wt is composed of amorphous fraction. Heavy metal leaching is strongly correlated to speciation distribution, and in particular to the fraction (F1) associated with salt, carbonate and weak surface sorption. Leaching from speciation due to surface complexation on Al/Fe (hydr)oxide becomes relevant at acidic regime. Particle size and heavy metal content, in turn, moderately correlate with leaching. The F1-speciation as a function of particle size does not exhibit a definite trend shared by all heavy metals under investigation. This suggests that i) differences in speciation distribution, rather than bare heavy metal content or particle size, govern leaching from MSWI-FA; ii) F1 can be regarded as a marker of the potential heavy metal leaching; iii) a comparatively modest efficiency in managing MSWI-FA is expected from grain size separation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Agostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Marinoni
- Earth Sciences Department "Ardito Desio", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Li W, Yu Q, Gu K, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zheng Z, Guo Y, Xin M, Bian R. Stability evaluation of potentially toxic elements in MSWI fly ash during carbonation in view of two leaching scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150135. [PMID: 34525728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbonation treatment (CT) by alkaline fly ash (FA) affects the stability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study investigated the leachability and environmental risk of six PTEs contained in FA during natural and accelerated carbonation (NC, AC) using two typical leaching scenarios with distilled water (DW) and acetic acid (AA). The leaching of Pb/Cu/Cr/Ni in solidified/stabilized FA decreased due to CT in DW leaching, but the leaching of Pb/Zn/Cu/Cd increased due to CT in AA leaching. The leaching of the six PTEs (especially Pb/Cd) in AA leaching was significantly higher than that in DW leaching. CT was a promoting factor to increase the environmental risk level of PTEs in FA leachate, especially in AA leaching with H+ input. In the early stage of NC, under DW leaching tests, the environmental risk level of PTEs in FA leachate can be weakened due to the formation of carbonate minerals in the FA matrix. However, excessive NC increases the environmental risk of leached PTEs due to the decalcification of carbonate minerals. Both NC and AC increased the potential environmental risk of PTEs contained in the carbonated FA matrix. The nucleation and dissolution of carbonate minerals were interdependent with the immobilization and leaching of PTEs, which played a dominant role in the CT and leaching tests respectively. They jointly affected the occurrence behavior of PTEs in the FA matrix in CT tests and the leachability of PTEs in leaching tests. This study demonstrates that it is more scientific to evaluate the leachability of PTEs in carbonated FA according to the actual disposal scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- College of Architectural Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Mingxue Xin
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash-Incorporated Concrete: One Step towards Environmental Justice. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste and cement manufacture are two sources of environmental justice issues in urban and suburban areas. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal for eliminating environmental injustice, reducing potential hazards, and improving urban sustainability. The re-use and recycling of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash in the construction industry has drawn significant attention. Incorporating MSWI ash in cement and concrete production is a potential path that mitigates the environmental justice issues in waste management and the construction industry. This paper presents a critical overview of the pretreatment methods that optimize MSWI ash utilization in cement/concrete and the influences of MSWI ash on the performance of cement/concrete. This review aims to elucidate the potential advantages and limitations associated with the use of MSWI ash for producing cement clinker, alternative binder (e.g., alkali-activated material), cement substitutes, and aggregates. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of MSWI ash is reported, accompanied by identifying opportunities for the use of MSWI ash-incorporated products in industrial-scale applications and recognizing associated environmental justice implications.
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20
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Zhu J, Wei Z, Luo Z, Yu L, Yin K. Phase changes during various treatment processes for incineration bottom ash from municipal solid wastes: A review in the application-environment nexus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117618. [PMID: 34182388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incineration technology has been widely employed, as an effective method to decrease the volume of waste disposal. In this review, relationships between municipal solid waste (MSW) inputs and residues after combustion-specifically, the incineration bottom ashes (IBA) of MSW, were discussed, with an emphasis on the geoenvironmental impacts of IBA associated with the complex crystal and amorphous phase reactions and changes during combustion and from their downstream treatments, whereas, their influences on IBA leaching behaviors are considered as another focus. This review summarizes the IBA leaching behaviors based on literature, showing the leaching variabilities induced by natural weathering and artificial intervention conditions, such as accelerated carbonation, washing treatment, stabilization/solidification, and thermal treatments, all of which can be attributed to changes of mineral phases and microstructure. It helps to understand IBA characteristics and transitions in application-environment nexus, and better reuse it for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Zhou Wei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
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21
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Carbonation curing of cement mortars incorporating carbonated fly ash for performance improvement and CO2 sequestration. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen TL, Chen YH, Dai MY, Chiang PC. Stabilization-solidification-utilization of MSWI fly ash coupling CO 2 mineralization using a high-gravity rotating packed bed. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:412-421. [PMID: 33445114 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) has been regulated as a hazardous waste that needs to treat with stabilization, solidification and landfill due to its amount of heavy metals, chlorides, sulfates and dioxin. While the proper treated MSWI-FA can be utilized as pozzolanic material to reduce the usage of Portland cement. The present article aims to develop an integrated wet-extraction and carbonation process for MSWI-FA stabilization, solidification and utilization via the high-gravity technology. A benchtop experiment demonstrated the dechlorination and CO2 sequestration of MSWI-FA and the carbonated product was applied as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the cement mortar. Physical, chemical and thermal characteristics of raw, wet-extracted, and carbonated MSWI-FA were addressed in terms of the mean diameter, micropore area, micropore volume, chemical compositions, mineralogy and morphology. The effects of the liquid-to-solid ratio and high gravity factor were evaluated. Overall, a chloride extraction ratio of 36.35% and a CO2 capture capacity of 258.5 g-CO2 kg-FA-1 were achieved in the batch experiment. The results of water-energy consumption of chloride removal and CO2 fixation provided a novel insight into the future process criterion. In addition, the carbonated FA was found as binder to partially substitute Portland cement due to its large content of calcium carbonate. The workability and mechanical strength of cement mortar with partial substitution of stabilized FA were evaluated to determine the potential FA utilization pathway. Finally, the continuous process tests determined the key operation indexes for future process scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Da-an District, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Road, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Dai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Da-an District, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Da-an District, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan.
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Li W, Sun Y, Xin M, Bian R, Wang H, Wang YN, Hu Z, Linh HN, Zhang D. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash exposed to carbonation and acid rain corrosion scenarios: Release behavior, environmental risk, and dissolution mechanism of toxic metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140857. [PMID: 32688004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the leaching behavior, environmental risk, and dissolution mechanism of toxic metals (TMs) in solidified/stabilized municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) exposed to alternative "carbonation + acid rain corrosion" disposal scenarios. The content of TMs (mg/kg) showed a trend of Zn (12,187.10 ± 168.60) > Pb (3374.43 ± 66.12) > Cu (1055.14 ± 32.52) > Cr (127.95 ± 8.12) > Cd (119.05 ± 6.26) > Ni (49.50 ± 3.20). Initial leaching of CO2-saturated water (CSW) and replacement of simulated acid rain (SAR) increased the environmental risk of leached TMs. The results of "average release rate" (mg/(kg·d)) of TMs indicated that Zn (0.8307)/Cu (0.0278)/Cd (0.0109) and Cu (0.0581)/Cr (0.001176)/Ni (0.004339) in phosphoric acid stabilized FA and Pb (0.0753)/Cr (0.001921)/Ni (0.00111) and Pb (0.0656)/Zn (1.0560)/Cd (0.0050) in Portland cement solidified FA were the key "problem TMs" during carbonation and acid rain corrosion, respectively. CSW leaching increased the independent environmental risk of most TMs in residual FA (especially Zn/Cd) due to the increased carbonate-bound fraction. Compared with independent carbonation, alternative "carbonation + acid rain corrosion" contributed to a higher comprehensive environmental risk for TMs in residual FA. CSW leaching system was an indirect carbonation based on CO2-water and FA matrix, in which "nucleation and dissolution" of carbonates and "immobilization and dissolution" of TMs coexisted. The dissolution mechanism of TMs was mainly controlled by reaction equilibrium of nucleation and dissolution of carbonates containing TMs. Dissolution and nucleation were the dominant mechanism in the early and later periods of CSW leaching, respectively. Carbonate layer dissolution, H+ corrosion/displacement, and counter-ion effect (SO42- > NO3- > Cl-) were the main mechanisms affecting TM dissolution during SAR leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Mingxue Xin
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhanbo Hu
- Guangxi Yijiang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ho Nhut Linh
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dalei Zhang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
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Wang P, Hu Y, Cheng H. Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash as an important source of heavy metal pollution in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:461-475. [PMID: 31158674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Incineration has overtaken landfilling as the most important option for disposal of the increasing volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in China. Accordingly, disposal of the incineration fly ash, which is enriched with a range of heavy metals, has become a key challenge for the industry. This review analyzes the temporal and spatial trends in the distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg in MSW incineration fly ash between 2003 and 2017, and estimates the inventories of heavy metals associated with the fly ash and the average levels of heavy metals in Chinese MSW based on their mass flow during MSW incineration. It was estimated that MSW incinerators in China released approximately 1.12 × 102, 2.96 × 103, 1.82 × 102, 3.64 × 104, 1.00 × 102, 7.32 × 103, 2.42 × 102, and 1.47 × 101 tonnes of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, As, and Hg, respectively, with the fly ash in 2016. Due to the much greater fly ash generation rate, the incinerators based on circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) technology released more heavy metals during incineration of MSW compared to those based on grate furnace combustor (GFC) technology. Results of mass-flow modeling indicate that the geometric mean contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, As, and Hg in Chinese MSW were 3.0, 109, 101, 877, 34, 241, 21, and 1.7 mg/kg, respectively, which are comparable to those in the MSW from other countries. To protect the environment from the significant potential ecological risk posed by heavy metals in the mismanaged fly ash, strict regulation enforcement and compliance monitoring are necessary to reduce the heavy metal pollution brought by improper disposal of MSW incineration fly ash, and more research and development efforts on advanced technologies for stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash and its environmentally sound reuse can help mitigate its environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Atanes E, Cuesta-García B, Nieto-Márquez A, Fernández-Martínez F. A mixed separation-immobilization method for soluble salts removal and stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:359-367. [PMID: 30953989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the results of a treatment process of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash using a solution of sodium carbonate as a stabilizing agent. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by means of leaching test for waste characterization according to European Standard, with special focus on soluble chlorides and heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu). Chemical, XRD and DTA/DTG analysis were used to gain insight into the chemical changes induced in the fly ash by the treatment. In the fresh fly ash, the total dissolved solids and chloride concentration exceed the acceptance limits for hazardous waste whereas fresh fly ash was classified as hazardous waste concerning Pb. The carbonated fly ash was considered as non-hazardous waste according to all studied parameters. XRD and DTA/DTG analysis of treated fly ash showed that chlorine compounds have been transferred into the liquid phase during the stabilization process. The chloride removal from the ash was complete and fast irrespective of the sodium carbonate concentration and solid/liquid ratio in the stabilization process within the range studied. The treated fly ash was mainly composed by calcite and portlandite and the chemical analysis after the leaching test demonstrated that more than 98% of heavy metals remained in the treated fly ash. Therefore, the stabilization procedure of MSWI fly ash with a solution of carbonate ions achieved the separation of soluble salts and the leaching stabilization of heavy metals simultaneously in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Atanes
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia, 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca Cuesta-García
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia, 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Nieto-Márquez
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia, 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia, 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
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Luo H, Cheng Y, He D, Yang EH. Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:90-103. [PMID: 30852230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incineration is widely adopted in modern waste management because it provides an effective way to minimize municipal solid waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills. The ash residue is often disposed by landfilling. Alternatively, the incineration ash may be recycled and reused for various applications. The crucial issues, however, are the leaching of harmful elements during the use and the end-of-life phases. This review summarizes extensive studies on leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash. Specifically, pollutants generated through leaching, factors governing leaching, methodologies to study leaching, leaching mechanisms, and treatments to reduce leaching. Many types of pollutants are generated through leaching from municipal solid waste incineration ash, in which heavy metals and organic contaminants are the most toxic and concerned. Ash properties, pH and liquid to solid ratio are the main factors governing municipal solid waste incineration ash leaching. Leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash is complicated and existing methods to evaluate leaching may not be able to represent the field conditions. Solubility and sorption are the two major leaching mechanisms. Many treatment methods have been proposed. However, not all methods are effective and some approaches are associated with high energy and high cost, which makes them less economically feasible and attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - En-Hua Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Wang H, Fan X, Wang YN, Li W, Sun Y, Zhan M, Wu G. Comparative leaching of six toxic metals from raw and chemically stabilized MSWI fly ash using citric acid. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 208:15-23. [PMID: 29245145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The leaching behavior of six typical toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni) from raw and chemically stabilized (phosphate and chelating agent) municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were investigated using citric acid. Leaching tests indicated that phosphate stabilization can effectively decrease the leaching of Zn, Cd and Cr; whereas chelating agent stabilization shows a strong ability to lower the release of Pb, Cd and Cu, but instead increases the solubility of Zn and Cr at low pH conditions. Sequential extraction results suggested that the leaching of Pb, Zn and Cd in both the stabilized MSWI fly ash samples led to the decrease in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and the increase in exchangeable and carbonate fractions. The leaching of Cr was due to the decrease in exchangeable, carbonate and Fe/Mn oxide fractions in phosphate-stabilized and chelating agent-stabilized MSWI fly ash. The leaching of Cu in both stabilized MSWI fly ash was greatly ascribed to the decrease in Fe/Mn oxide and oxidisable fractions. Moreover, predicted curves by geochemical model indicated that both stabilized MSWI fly ash have the risk of releasing toxic metals under strong acid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Xinxiu Fan
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Meili Zhan
- Qingdao MSW Management & Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266041, PR China
| | - Guizhi Wu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
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