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Wang F, Kang Y, Fu D, Singh RP. Effect evaluation of different green wastes on food waste digestate composting and improvement of operational conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y. [PMID: 38361099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to determine the influence of diverse green wastes on food waste digestate composting and the improvement of operational conditions. Various effects of the green wastes (GW), with different types and sizes, initial substrate mixture C/N ratios, compost pile heights, and turning frequencies on the food waste digestate (FWD) composting were examined in the current work. The findings showed that the use of street sweeping green waste (SSGW) as an additive can maintain the thermophilic stage of the FWD composting for 28 days, while the end-product contained the greatest amounts of total phosphorus (TP, 2.29%) and total potassium (TK, 4.61%) and the lowest moisture content (14.8%). Crushed SSGW (20 mm) enabled the FWD composting to maintain the longest thermophilic period (28 days), achieving the highest temperature (70.2 °C) and seed germination index (GI, 100%). Adjusting the initial substrate mixture C/N ratio to 25, compost pile height to 30 cm, and turning frequency to three times a day could enhance the efficiency and improve the fertilizer quality of the co-composting of the FWD and SSGW. This study suggested that co-composting of FWD and SSGW (FWD/SSGW = 2.3, wet weight) is a promising technique for the treatment of municipal solid waste and provided significant theoretical data for the application of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtianrui Kang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajendra Prasad Singh
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu J, Ai X, Lu C, Tian H. Comparison of bioaerosol release characteristics between windrow and trough sludge composting plants: Concentration distribution, community evolution, bioaerosolization behaviour, and exposure risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:164925. [PMID: 37392882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Windrow and trough composting are two mainstream composting methods, but the effect of composting methods on bioaerosol release from sludge composting plants is unclear. The study compared the bioaerosol release characteristics and exposure risks between the two composting methods. The results showed that the bacterial aerosol concentrations in the windrow composting plant ranged from 14,196 to 24,549 CFU/m3, while the fungal aerosol concentrations in the trough composting plant reached 5874 to 9284 CFU/m3; there were differences in the microbial community structures between the two sludge composting plants, and the composting method had a greater effect on bacterial community evolution than on fungal community evolution. The biochemical phase was the primary source of the bioaerosolization behaviour of the microbial bioaerosols. In the windrow and trough composting plants, the bacterial bioaerosolization index ranged from 1.00 to 999.28 and from 1.44 to 24.57, and the fungal bioaerosolization index ranged from 1.38 to 1.59 and from 0.34 to 7.72, respectively. Bacteria preferentially aerosolized mainly in the mesophilic stage, while the peak of the fungal bioaerosolization index appeared in the thermophilic stage. The total non-carcinogenic risks for bacterial aerosols were 3.4 and 2.4, while those for fungi were 1.0 and 3.2 in the trough and windrow sludge composting plants, respectively. Respiration is the main exposure pathway for bioaerosols. It is necessary to develop different bioaerosol protection measures for different sludge composting methods. The results of this study provided basic data and theoretical guidance for reducing the potential risk of bioaerosols in sludge composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xinyu Ai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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3
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van den Bergh SG, Chardon I, Meima-Franke M, Costa OYA, Korthals GW, de Boer W, Bodelier PLE. The intrinsic methane mitigation potential and associated microbes add product value to compost. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:17-32. [PMID: 37542791 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional agricultural activity reduces the uptake of the potent greenhouse gas methane by agricultural soils. However, the recently observed improved methane uptake capacity of agricultural soils after compost application is promising but needs mechanistic understanding. In this study, the methane uptake potential and microbiomes involved in methane cycling were assessed in green compost and household-compost with and without pre-digestion. In bottle incubations of different composts with both high and near-atmospheric methane concentrations (∼10.000 & ∼10 ppmv, respectively), green compost showed the highest potential methane uptake rates (up to 305.19 ± 94.43 nmol h-1 g dw compost-1 and 25.19 ± 6.75 pmol h-1 g dw compost-1, respectively). 16S, pmoA and mcrA amplicon sequencing revealed that its methanotrophic and methanogenic communities were dominated by type Ib methanotrophs, and more specifically by Methylocaldum szegediense and other Methylocaldum species, and Methanosarcina species, respectively. Ordination analyses showed that the abundance of type Ib methanotrophic bacteria was the main steering factor of the intrinsic methane uptake rates of composts, whilst the ammonium content was the main limiting factor, being most apparent in household composts. These results emphasize the potential of compost to contribute to methane mitigation, providing added value to compost as a product for industrial, commercial, governmental and public interests relevant to waste management. Compost could serve as a vector for the introduction of active methanotrophic bacteria in agricultural soils, potentially improving the methane uptake potential of agricultural soils and contributing to global methane mitigation, which should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn G van den Bergh
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Chardon
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marion Meima-Franke
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ohana Y A Costa
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard W Korthals
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul L E Bodelier
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Chang F, Fabian-Wheeler E, Richard TL, Hile M. Compaction effects on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from solid dairy manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117399. [PMID: 36731415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Waste management practices of solid dairy manures were evaluated under controlled conditions to study gas transport and emission inside manure piles. Three applied stresses and three moisture contents were tested to represent manure conditions managed at various pile depths. A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy monitor measured concentrations of greenhouses gases [methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide] and ammonia as part of gas flux rate calculations. Results showed that carbon dioxide dominated the greenhouse gas emissions under all test conditions. Gas transfer, primarily diffusion, was facilitated by manure with high mechanical strength and high permeability. Gas emission rates reduced dramatically when moisture content increased in manure with high water holding capacity, while compaction treatments did not as strongly affect the gas emission rates. Results provide fundamental insights into management strategies for reducing gas emissions from solid dairy manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangle Chang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China.
| | - Eileen Fabian-Wheeler
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tom L Richard
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Michael Hile
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Kong X, Luo G, Yan B, Su N, Zeng P, Kang J, Zhang Y, Xie G. Dissolved organic matter evolution can reflect the maturity of compost: Insight into common composting technology and material composition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116747. [PMID: 36436247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can clearly reflect composting components changes, thus it is supposed to indicate the humification process during composting. To demonstrate this, three compost mixtures and two techniques were arranged. DOM evolution was detected by three spectral techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the crystal structure substances decreased gradually during the composting, including cellulose, struvite, sylvine, quartz, and calcite; Specifically, the struvite was found, which was conducive to the fixation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) further showed that pig manure-based mixtures, added cabbage, and windrow composting are beneficial to sugar, protein, fulvic acid, and soluble microbial by-products decompose and humic acids produce. This process was closely related to the change of physical-chemical parameters (temperature; pH; moisture content; and NH4+-N content) and maturity index (C/N ratio, E4/E6 and GI). Therefore, DOM evolution could quickly reflect the maturity process of compost. In subsequent research, the quantitative analysis of DOM components can be considered to modify DOM spectral parameters, or to build a model, so as to achieve rapid evaluation of compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ning Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jialu Kang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guixian Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
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6
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Sun X, Huang G, Huang Y, Fang C, He X, Zheng Y. Large Semi-Membrane Covered Composting System Improves the Spatial Homogeneity and Efficiency of Fermentation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15503. [PMID: 36497578 PMCID: PMC9737267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homogenous spatial distribution of fermentation characteristics, local anaerobic conditions, and large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions are common problems in large-scale aerobic composting systems. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a semi-membrane covering on the spatial homogeneity and efficiency of fermentation in aerobic composting systems. In the covered group, the pile was covered with a semi-membrane, while in the non-covered group (control group), the pile was uncovered. The covered group entered the high-temperature period earlier and the spatial gradient difference in the group was smaller compared with the non-covered group. The moisture content loss ratio (5.91%) in the covered group was slower than that in the non-covered group (10.78%), and the covered group had a more homogeneous spatial distribution of water. The degradation rate of organic matter in the non-covered group (11.39%) was faster than that in the covered group (10.21%). The final germination index in the covered group (85.82%) was higher than that of the non-covered group (82.79%) and the spatial gradient difference in the covered group was smaller. Compared with the non-covered group, the oxygen consumption rate in the covered group was higher. The GHG emissions (by 30.36%) and power consumption in the covered group were reduced more significantly. The spatial microbial diversity of the non-covered group was greater compared with the covered group. This work shows that aerobic compost covered with a semi-membrane can improve the space homogeneity and efficiency of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xueqin He
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Y.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-6273-6778 (X.H.); +86-10-6273-6385 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Y.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-6273-6778 (X.H.); +86-10-6273-6385 (Y.Z.)
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Zeng J, Shen X, Yin H, Sun X, Dong H, Huang G. Oxygen dynamics, organic matter degradation and main gas emissions during pig manure composting: Effect of intermittent aeration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127697. [PMID: 35905876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of intermittent aeration on oxygen dynamics, organic matter degradation and main gas emissions, a lab-scale pig manure composting experiment was conducted with intermittent aeration (I_A, 30-min on and 30-min off) and continuous aeration (C_A). Although aeration volume and oxygen supply of I_A was only half of C_A, I_A could obviously enhance the oxygen utilization efficiency by 96.67 % and reduce energy dissipation for aeration by 50.87 %. Based on the comprehensive analysis of total organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, there was no significant difference in organic matter degradation between I_A and C_A (p > 0.05). Moreover, a reduction of 21.71 %, 38.93 %, 44.40 % and 62.19 % of CH4, N2O and the total GHG emission equivalent as well as NH3 emissions was realized, respectively, in I_A compared with C_A. Therefore, adopting intermittent aeration was a useful strategy and choice for high-efficiency, high-quality and environment-friendly composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuli Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hongjie Yin
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Chen Y, Qin H, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhang J. A novel method to measure air-immobile regions of the composting pile by inverse calculation combined with gas tracer test. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:131-140. [PMID: 35830767 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air-immobile regions in composting piles obstruct O2 mass transport and exacerbate the formation and emission of harmful off-gases. However, effective methods for measuring the parameters of these air-immobile regions are lacking. With quartz sand piles, this study first adjusted the circumstances of a gas tracer test (gas tracer, its injection volume, and chamber type) using the two-region model (TRM). The effects of β (proportional coefficient of gas in the air-mobile region) and ω (mass exchange coefficient) on the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the gases were then explored. Finally, an inverse calculation method was used to measure the feature parameters of air-immobile regions in two composting piles (temperature-increasing and thermophilic phases) and estimate the O2 concentrations in different composting piles (50, 100, 200 cm whole height; layers of 50, 100, 200 cm height in a 200-cm high pile). The results showed that the optimal conditions were achieved when 100 mL helium (He) as the gas tracer and a cylinder with a height/diameter ratio of 3 as the chamber were used. With the simulating composting piles, increasing β or ω slowed breakthrough and decreased peak concentration in BTCs of a gas tracer. Tracer-inverse calculation protocol can be used to efficiently estimate the volume ratios of air-immobile regions (φ) and first-order mass transfer coefficient (α), with the values of 39%/46% and 0.001/0.006 min-1 in the composting piles during temperature-increasing /thermophilic phase. The TRM also predicted the O2 concentration in the off-gas or air-mobile/immobile regions of the temperature-increasing-phase composting piles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haiguang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Randerson PF, Białowiec A. Aerobic Biostabilization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste-Monitoring Hot and Cold Spots in the Reactor as a Novel Tool for Process Optimization. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093300. [PMID: 35591634 PMCID: PMC9104568 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The process of aerobic biostabilization (AB) has been adopted for treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). However, thermal gradients and some side effects in the bioreactors present difficulties in optimization of AB. Forced aeration is more effective than natural ventilation of waste piles, but “hot and cold spots” exist due to inhomogeneous distribution of air and heat. This study identified the occurrence of hot and cold spots during the OFMSW biostabilization process at full technical scale. It was shown that the number of hot and cold spots depended on the size of the pile and aeration rate. When the mass of stabilized waste was significantly lower and the aeration rate was two-fold higher the number of anaerobic hot spots decreased, while cold spots increased. In addition, the results indicated that pile construction with sidewalls decreased the number of hot spots. However, channelizing the airflow under similar conditions increased the number of cold spots. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of process gases can enable optimization and adoption of the OFMSW flow aeration regime. Temperature monitoring within the waste pile enables the operator to eliminate undesirable “hot spots” by modifying the aeration regime and hence improve the overall treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a, Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Peter F. Randerson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a, Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Q, Zou D, Zeng X, Li L, Wang A, Liu F, Wang H, Zeng Q, Xiao Z. Effect of the direct use of biomass in agricultural soil on heavy metals __ activation or immobilization? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115989. [PMID: 33190985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the biomass was directly used extensively in agriculture due to its low cost and convenience. Increasingly serious soil pollution of heavy metals may pose threats and risks to human health. Directly addition of biomass to soil may affect the bioavailability and content of heavy metals. Here, we reviewed the impact of direct application of oil cake, manure, sewage sludge, straw and municipal waste to soil on the form and concentration of heavy metals in soil, and also emphasized the role of biomass in soil heavy metals remediation. Heavy metals can be activated in a short term by the content of heavy metals in biomass, the production of low-molecular-weight organic acids by biomass application, and the oxidation of sulfides (except for ammoniation). However, heavy metals in soil can be immobilized by humic substances. These can be produced by biomass during a long-term application to soil. Moreover, the degree of immobilization depended on the kind of biomass. Biomass contaminated by heavy metals cannot be returned to the field directly. Therefore, Mitigating the activation of heavy metals in the early stage of biomass application is meaningful, especially for application of these biomass such as straw, sewage sludge and municipal waste. Future researches should focus on the heavy metal control on direct use of biomass in agricultural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuguo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Longcheng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Andong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China.
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11
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Zhuang M, Shan N, Wang Y, Caro D, Fleming RM, Wang L. Different characteristics of greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from conventional stored dairy cattle and swine manure in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137693. [PMID: 32192975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure emits considerable amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3), inducing climate change and air pollution. However, there remains a lack of knowledge in the literature related to GHGs and NH3 emissions from the manure of various livestock species. This study reports on a field observation we conducted to analyze GHGs and NH3 emissions of solid stored manure from dairy cattle and swine, which represent the two main livestock species raised in China. Results showed that although dairy cattle manure emitted 521.9% more methane (CH4) than swine manure, they separately emitted 50.8% and 40.9% less nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, respectively. With respect to their global warming potential, the GHGs emission from dairy cattle manure was similar to that from swine manure. NH3 emissions from swine manure were significantly higher, namely, greater by a factor of 2.4 compared to dairy cattle manure. Differences in gas emissions between dairy cattle and swine manure can be explained by differences in the physicochemical characteristics of their manure and their associated microbiological, chemical, and physical processes that produce gas during storage periods. Based on our results, this study highlights the necessity for prospective mitigation strategies to simultaneously decrease GHGs and NH3 emissions from livestock manure. Our findings provide useful implications for understanding GHGs and NH3 emissions, which can be used to develop corresponding mitigation strategies for livestock manure management in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zhuang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China; CAAS-UNH Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- CAAS-UNH Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Development Center for Science and Technology, MARA, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dario Caro
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rachael Marie Fleming
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- CAAS-UNH Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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