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Li J, Shang Y, Wei W, Liu Z, Qiao Y, Qin S, Tian Y. Comparative Study on Pyrolysis Kinetics Behavior and High-Temperature Fast Pyrolysis Product Analysis of Coastal Zone and Land Biomasses. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10144-10155. [PMID: 35382276 PMCID: PMC8973058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics of land biomass (corn stalks (Cs), pine sawdust (Ps)) and coastal zone biomass (Jerusalem artichoke stalks (JAs) and reed (Re)) were investigated based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and products' analysis. The kinetic parameters were obtained by three isoconversional methods (Friedman, KAS, and FWO) and one model-fitting method (DAEM). The simultaneous effect of high temperature (700-900 °C) and high heating rate (1000 °C/s) on the pyrolysis product simulating the typical conditions of a fluidized bed gasifier was studied. TGA showed that high heating rates deepen the thermal cracking process of biomass. Compared with the land biomass, the initial decomposition temperature (T i ) of the coastal biomass is reduced significantly owing to its higher proportion of hemicellulose. These methods agree with the trends shown by the activation energy (E a) distribution calculated, with fluctuations between 160 and 350 kJ/mol. The mean value activation energies of Re and JAs were higher than those of Cs and Ps between 10% and 90% conversion. The DAEM model showed that Cs and JAs have a good linear relationship between ln A and E α during the main pyrolysis stage, while Ps and Re are relatively weaker. The kinetic compensation effect was evident for Cs and JAs during the main thermal cracking stage. Py-GC-MS results confirmed that phenols, hydrocarbons, PAHs, and oxygen heterocycle compounds were strongly present in the released volatile products. High-temperature fast pyrolysis of JAs produced a larger amount of PAH compounds than from Cs, Ps, and Re. A larger amount of hydrocarbons and phenols was generated from high-temperature fast pyrolysis of Ps. Some oxygen-containing volatiles are easily converted into aromatic products with higher stability under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College
of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Yanchao Shang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai
Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yingyun Qiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai
Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yuanyu Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Waste-Derived Fuel Slurries, Low-Grade Liquids, and High-Moisture Waste: Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the modern achievements in the field of thermal recovery of industrial and municipal waste. The average accumulation rate and calorific value of typical wastes were analyzed. The focus is on the opportunities to exploit the energy potential of high-moisture waste, low-grade liquid components, and fuel slurries. We consider the relevant results in the field of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification of such fuels. The main attention is paid to synergistic effects, the influence of additives, and external conditions on the process performance. Vortex combustion chambers, boilers with burners, and nozzles for fuel injection, grate, and fluidized bed boilers can be used for the combustion of waste-derived liquid, high-moisture, and slurry fuels. The following difficulties are possible: long ignition delay, incomplete combustion, low combustion temperature and specific calorific value, high emissions (including particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), fast slagging, and difficult spraying. A successful solution to these problems is possible due to the use of auxiliary fuel; boiler modifications; oxy-fuel combustion; and the preparation of multi-component fuels, including the use of additives. An analysis of methods of waste recovery in the composition of slurries for fuel gas production showed that there are several main areas of research: pyrolysis and gasification of coal–water slurry with additives of oil waste; study of the influence of external conditions on the characteristics of final products; and the use of specialized additives and catalysts to improve the efficiency of the pyrolysis and gasification. The prospects for improving the characteristics of thermochemical conversion of such fuels are highlighted.
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Jaouadi I, Cherrad S, Bouyahya A, Koursaoui L, Satrani B, Ghanmi M, Chaouch A. Chemical variability and antioxidant activity of Cedrus atlantica Manetti essential oils isolated from wood tar and sawdust. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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4
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Design and thermal characterization of an induction-heated reactor for pyrolysis of solid waste. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wystalska K, Kwarciak-Kozłowska A. The Effect of Biodegradable Waste Pyrolysis Temperatures on Selected Biochar Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1644. [PMID: 33801643 PMCID: PMC8037663 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochars produced during biodegradable waste pyrolysis are products with a wide range of environmental applications. The effect of impact biochars depends on their properties which determine the course of specific processes. The main aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on selected properties of biochar produced from various plant wastes (beech wood chips, walnut shells, wheat-rye straw), the valorization of which is of key importance for the implementation of the circular economy. Biochars were produced at temperatures of: 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. An increase in the pyrolysis temperature caused a drop in the biochar production yield. As the temperature increased, higher carbon content and lower hydrogen content could be seen in the products obtained. An increase in the pH and total organic carbon (TOC) values also found. The influence of temperature on ash content, observed in the case of BWS (biochar from walnut shell) and BWRS (biochar from wheat and rye straw), did not occur in the case of BWC (biochar from beech wood chips). Another parameter that demonstrated a growing tendency with increasing temperature was the BET specific surface area (except for biochars from wheat and rye straw). An increase in pyrolysis temperature caused a decrease in the diversity and density of the surface functional groups of biochars. The influence of the type of precursor used in the production of biochar on the presence of surface functional groups was demonstrated. The presence of intense stretching vibrations of C-O bonds, having a potential impact on the sorption capacity of biochars, was determined in the FTIR spectra of BWC600 and BWC700 biochars, this feature, combined with the large BET surface area, may affect the sorption potential of these biochars. The presence of this type of high-intensity vibrations was also observed in the spectra of biochar BWRS600 and BWRS700. This can compensate for the low BET surface value and play an important role when using these biochars in sorption processes for organic and inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wystalska
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
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6
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CFD-DEM Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis in Fluidized-Bed Reactor with a Multistep Kinetic Scheme. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized-bed reactor is studied by a combination of a CFD-DEM algorithm and a multistep kinetic scheme, where fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, particle collisions, and the detailed thermochemical conversion of biomass are all resolved. The integrated method is validated by experimental results available in literature and a considerable improvement in predicting the pyrolysis product yields is obtained as compared to previous works using a two-fluid model, especially the relative error in the predicted tar yield is reduced by more than 50%. Furthermore, the evolution of light gas, char and tar, as well as the particle conversion, which cannot easily be measured in experiments, are also revealed. Based on the proposed model, the influences of pyrolysis temperature and biomass particle size on the pyrolysis behavior in a fluidized-bed reactor are comprehensively studied. Numerical results show that the new algorithm clearly captures the dependence of char yield on pyrolysis temperature and the influence of heating rate on light gas and tar yields, which is not possible in simulations based on a simplified global pyrolysis model. It is found that, as the temperature rises from 500 to 700 °C, the light gas yield increases from 17% to 25% and char yield decreases from 22% to 14%. In addition, within the tested range of particle sizes (<1 mm), the impact on pyrolysis products from particle size is relatively small compared with that of the operating temperature. The simulations demonstrate the ability of a combined Lagrangian description of biomass particles and a multistep kinetic scheme to improve the prediction accuracy of fluidized-bed pyrolysis.
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7
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Fu J, Zhang J, Jin C, Wang Z, Wang T, Cheng X, Ma C. Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on pore structure characteristics of coconut husk activated carbon powders prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123413. [PMID: 32334360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon powders made from coconut husk (CHCs) were prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process. Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on the pore structure of CHCs were investigated. Results showed that high temperature, oxygen and steam all motivated the development of the CHCs pore structure. High temperature accelerated the evaporation of volatiles and led to more micropore structures. Oxygen promoted the development of both micropores and mesopores. CHCs' porosity separately presented a linear and a logarithmic growth with the increase of the preparation temperature and oxygen content. CHCs prepared under 1000 ℃ with activation agents of 6% oxygen and 20% steam exhibited the largest specific surface area and total pore volume of 415.85 m2/g and 0.1748 cm3/g. Steam can diffuse into the CHC matrix and enhance the formation of more mesopores. Steam over 20% would over-burn the substance and lead to the collapse of some pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Chunjiang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xingxing Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Chunyuan Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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8
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Hussain Z, Naz H, Rafique M, Gulab H, Naz MY, Sulaiman SA, Khan KM. CONVERSION OF SPENT FAT OIL INTO LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS THROUGH CLINKER CATALYZED PYROLYSIS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Naz
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Pakistan
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9
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Lewis J, Al-sayaghi MAQ, Buelke C, Alshami A. Activated carbon in mixed-matrix membranes. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1609986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lewis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | | | - Chris Buelke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ali Alshami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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10
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Barbosa AS, Siqueira LAM, Medeiros RLBA, Melo DMA, Melo MAF, Freitas JCO, Braga RM. Renewable aromatics through catalytic flash pyrolysis of pineapple crown leaves using HZSM-5 synthesized with RHA and diatomite. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 88:347-355. [PMID: 31079648 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of reactor temperature of 300 and 600 °C and the acidity of the ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 catalysts on the pyrolysis product yields of the pineapple crown leaves have been investigated in a fixed bed reactor Py-GC/MS. The ZSM-5 catalyst was hydrothermally synthesized with a Si/Al ratio 50, using residual diatomite and rice husk ash as alternative sources of Al and Si for catalyst cost reduction. For the HZSM-5 synthesis, calcined ZSM-5 was activated by ion exchange between Na+ and H+. The catalysts structure was confirmed by the XRD and Rietveld treatment, SEM, FTIR, FRX, TGA and BET results. Analytical pyrolysis of the biomass was carried out at 500 °C in a Py-5200 HP-R pyrolyzer connected to the GC/MS and the pyrolysis vapors were transported to a catalytic bed at 300 and 600 °C. The results showed that the increase in the catalytic bed temperature promoted increased the aromatic content. The main pyrolysis products of the PCL were oxygenated compounds that were converted at 600 °C using the HZSM-5 catalyst into high value renewable aromatic compounds for the chemical industry, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etilbenzene, thereby confirming the deoxygenation activity of synthesized catalyst to produce renewable aromatics compounds which are important platform chemicals and precursors for jet fuels, gases, polymers and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Tecnologia Ambiental, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lorena A M Siqueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Tecnologia Ambiental, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo L B A Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Tecnologia Ambiental, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PPGCEM, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Dulce M A Melo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Tecnologia Ambiental, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PPGCEM, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus A F Melo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PPGCEM, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Dep. Engenharia Química, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Julio C O Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Renata M Braga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Tecnologia Ambiental, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Escola agrícola de Jundiaí - EAJ, Macaíba, RN 59280-000, Brazil.
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11
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Zhang L, Li S, Ding H, Zhu X. Two-step pyrolysis of corncob for value-added chemicals and high-quality bio-oil: Effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:709-718. [PMID: 31109573 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-step pyrolysis (TSP) of corncob(CC) coupled with water and acid washing pretreatment was conducted to investigate the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on TSP by Py-GC/MS. TG-FTIR was used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of the samples. The results showed that the removal of AAEMs postponed the pyrolysis process and significantly influenced the distribution of the pyrolysis products. As the content of AAEMs decreased, the bio-oil yield increased and the biochar yield decreased. TSP of CC achieved high selectivities for phenols and ketones in the first step and for hydrocarbons in the second step. TSP of acid-washed corncob (ACC) achieved high selectivities for furans in the first step and for sugars in the second step. Additionally, some value-added chemicals such as furfural (11.54%, ACC), 4-vinylphenol (23.57%, CC) and levoglucosan (43.05%, ACC) were also enriched in TSP. Therefore, a promising polygeneration scheme of TSP for the efficient utilization of biomass was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Haozhi Ding
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xifeng Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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12
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Yuan R, Yu S, Shen Y. Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass pellets with calcium-rich wastes from agro-forestry residues. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:86-96. [PMID: 31109588 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of biomass pellets (i.e., rice husk, herb residue, and wood residue) with the calcium-rich wastes (i.e., CaO, CaCO3, and eggshell) from agro-forestry residues were comparatively studied. During pyrolysis or combustion of biomass, the Ca-rich wastes could slightly influence the decomposition rate in the stage of devolatilization at relatively lower temperatures (e.g., <400 °C). However, the lignin decomposition and the char combustion were obviously influenced by the calcium-based catalysis at higher temperatures (>700 °C). Particularly, the eggshell had a lowest activation energy in the stage of char combustion. The presence of alkali and alkaline-earth metals (AAEMs) in the eggshells might have positive effects on volatile and char combustion. During the combustion, the decomposition temperatures of CaCO3 and eggshell were decreased, thereby favoring to uptake CO2. Furthermore, by identifying the small molecular products, it was found that both CaCO3 and CaO can improve the pyrolysis of RH, but CaCO3 showed better performances, especially on CO2 capture at lower temperatures and on the enhancement of CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yafei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
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13
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Ashok J, Das S, Yeo TY, Dewangan N, Kawi S. Incinerator bottom ash derived from municipal solid waste as a potential catalytic support for biomass tar reforming. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 82:249-257. [PMID: 30509587 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environment-friendly and sustainable routes for municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration bottom ash (IBA) recycling and utilization is one of the major concerns for the urbanized countries like Singapore. In this research paper, the possibility of bulk utilization of MSW-IBA as a catalyst support material has been explored for sustainable syn-gas production. The change in the texture of the IBA with simple hydrothermal treatment using NaOH has also been investigated. Furthermore, with hydrothermal treatment for 24 h at 180 °C, the texture of raw IBA with respect to basicity, surface area, total pore volume and reducibility was greatly improved. These textural properties are highly significant for a material to be utilized as a catalyst or catalytic supports for reforming applications. Ni supported on hydrothermally treated IBA was tested for steam reforming of biomass tar reforming reaction between 700 °C and 800 °C at relatively low steam-to-carbon ratio of 2. Among all the catalysts, Ni supported on IBA hydrothermally treated for 24 h gave stable toluene conversion (of 40%) at 700 °C with reduced coke formation (of 7.5 mgC/g·h) than other catalysts. The superior catalytic performance of this catalyst is mainly due to the presence of high amounts of surface Ni° species and improved reducibility and basicity properties among all. The Raman, DT/TGA and XRD analyses on spent catalysts revealed the deposited carbon during steam reforming of tar reaction is majorly amorphous. Due to this, the deposition of carbon did not show any kind of deactivation within the catalyst testing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashok
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Das
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - T Y Yeo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - N Dewangan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Kawi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore.
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Bădescu IS, Bulgariu D, Ahmad I, Bulgariu L. Valorisation possibilities of exhausted biosorbents loaded with metal ions - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:288-297. [PMID: 30055461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is considered one of the most promising methods for removal of metal ions from aqueous effluents, due to its low-cost and eco-friendly characteristics. However, the exhausted biosorbents loaded with metal ions, obtained at the end of biosorption processes, are still a problem which should be solved to increase the applicability of biosorption on an industrial scale. In this study are examined three possibilities for the valorisation of exhausted biosorbents loaded with metal ions, namely: (i) regeneration and reuse of biosorbents in multiple biosorption cycles, (ii) the use of exhausted biosorbents as fertilizers for soils poor in essential microelements, and (iii) the pyrolysis of exhausted biosorbents, under well defined conditions. The main advantages and disadvantages of each valorisation possibility are reviewed in order to find the best way to use these cheap materials in accordance with the principles of the circular economy and thereby contributing to the development of sustainable biosorption technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Simona Bădescu
- Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 700050, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dumitru Bulgariu
- "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, 700506, Iaşi, Romania; Romanian Academy, Filial of Iasi, Collective of Geography, 700506, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100-Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Laura Bulgariu
- Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 700050, Iaşi, Romania.
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Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.
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