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Pau S, Tan LC, Arriaga S, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of food waste in a semicontinuous SBR system: influence of the influent composition and hydraulic retention time. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2993-3003. [PMID: 37272689 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation processes have been shown to be a good approach to food waste (FW) management. Among the commodities that can be bioproduced by using FW as an organic substrate and exploiting its biodegradability, there is lactic acid (LA). LA has gained the interest of research because of its role in the production of polylactic acid plastics. In this study, the influence of the HRT (2-5 days) used during the fermentation of the liquid fraction (∼12-13 g COD/L) of FW on LA yield and concentration was investigated. Moreover, the changes in the chemical composition (in terms of carbohydrates and organic metabolites concentration) of the influent occurring in the feeding tank were monitored and its influence on the downstream fermentation process was examined. High instability characterized the reactor run with the optimal production yield obtained on day 129 at an HRT 2 days with 0.81 g COD/g COD. This study shows the importance of the fluctuating composition of FW, a very heterogeneous and biologically active substrate, for the LA fermentation process. The non-steady state fermentation process was directly impacted by the unstable influent and shows that a good FW storage strategy has to be planned to achieve high and constant LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pau
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Environmental Sciences Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Piet N L Lens
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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2
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Song L, Cai C, Lin C, Lv Y, Liu Y, Ye X, Liu M, Dai X. Enhanced lactic acid production from household food waste under hyperthermophilic conditions: Mechanisms and regulation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:57-65. [PMID: 38377769 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An annual production of about 500 million tons of household food waste (HFW) has been documented, resulting in significant implications for human health and the environment in the absence of appropriate treatment. The anaerobic fermentation of HFW in an open system offers the potential to recover high value-added products, lactic acid (LA), thereby simultaneously addressing waste treatment and enhancing resource recovery efficiency. Most of LA fermentation studies have been conducted under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, with limited research on the production of LA through anaerobic fermentation under hyperthermophilic conditions. This study aimed to produce LA through anaerobic fermentation from HFW under hyperthermophilic conditions (70 ± 1 °C), while varying pH values (5.0 ± 0.1, 7.0 ± 0.1, and 9.0 ± 0.1), and compare the results with LA production under mesophilic (35 ± 1 °C) and thermophilic (52 ± 1 °C) conditions. The findings of this study indicated that the combination of hyperthermophilic conditions and a neutral pH (pH7_70) yielded the highest concentration of LA, measuring at 17.75 ± 1.51 g/L. The mechanism underlying the high yield of LA at 70 °C was elucidated through the combined analysis of organics dissolution, enzymes activities, and 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Chenhang Cai
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Shang N, Li P. Microbial Fermentation Processes of Lactic Acid: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Prospects. Foods 2023; 12:2311. [PMID: 37372521 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for lactic acid and lactic acid-derived products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is increasing year by year. In recent decades, the synthesis of lactic acid by microbials has gained much attention from scientists due to the superior optical purity of the product, its low production costs, and its higher production efficiency compared to chemical synthesis. Microbial fermentation involves the selection of feedstock, strains, and fermentation modes. Each step can potentially affect the yield and purity of the final product. Therefore, there are still many critical challenges in lactic acid production. The costs of feedstocks and energy; the inhibition of substrates and end-product; the sensitivity to the inhibitory compounds released during pretreatment; and the lower optical purity are the main obstacles hindering the fermentation of lactic acid. This review highlights the limitations and challenges of applying microbial fermentation in lactic acid production. In addition, corresponding solutions to these difficulties are summarized in order to provide some guidance for the industrial production of lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Elgarahy AM, Eloffy MG, Alengebawy A, El-Sherif DM, Gaballah MS, Elwakeel KZ, El-Qelish M. Sustainable management of food waste; pre-treatment strategies, techno-economic assessment, bibliometric analysis, and potential utilizations: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115558. [PMID: 36842700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) contains many nutritional components such as proteins, lipids, fats, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, and metal ions, which can be reused in some processes to produce value-added products. Furthermore, FW can be converted into biogas, biohydrogen, and biodiesel, and this type of green energy can be used as an alternative to nonrenewable fuel and reduce reliance on fossil fuel sources. It has been demonstrated in many reports that at the laboratory scale production of biochemicals using FW is as good as pure carbon sources. The goal of this paper is to review approaches used globally to promote turning FW into useable products and green energy. In this context, the present review article highlights deeply in a transdisciplinary manner the sources, types, impacts, characteristics, pre-treatment strategies, and potential management of FW into value-added products. We find that FW could be upcycled into different valuable products such as eco-friendly green fuels, organic acids, bioplastics, enzymes, fertilizers, char, and single-cell protein, after the suitable pre-treatment method. The results confirmed the technical feasibility of all the reviewed transformation processes of FW. Furthermore, life cycle and techno-economic assessment studies regarding the socio-economic, environmental, and engineering aspects of FW management are discussed. The reviewed articles showed that energy recovery from FW in various forms is economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elgarahy
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt.
| | - M G Eloffy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Alengebawy
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Dina M El-Sherif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt; College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Khalid Z Elwakeel
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Qelish
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Bühlmann CH, Mickan BS, Tait S, Batstone DJ, Bahri PA. Lactic acid production from food waste at an anaerobic digestion biorefinery: effect of digestate recirculation and sucrose supplementation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177739. [PMID: 37251566 PMCID: PMC10214416 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Low lactic acid (LA) yields from direct food waste (FW) fermentation restrict this production pathway. However, nitrogen and other nutrients within FW digestate, in combination with sucrose supplementation, may enhance LA production and improve feasibility of fermentation. Therefore, this work aimed to improve LA fermentation from FWs by supplementing nitrogen (0-400 mgN·L-1) as NH4Cl or digestate and dosing sucrose (0-150 g·L-1) as a low-cost carbohydrate. Overall, NH4Cl and digestate led to similar improvements in the rate of LA formation (0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.02 h-1 for NH4Cl and digestate, respectively), but NH4Cl also improved the final concentration, though effects varied between treatments (5.2 ± 4.6 g·L-1). While digestate altered the community composition and increased diversity, sucrose minimised community diversion from LA, promoted Lactobacillus growth at all dosages, and enhanced the final LA concentration from 25 to 30 g·L-1 to 59-68 g·L-1, depending on nitrogen dosage and source. Overall, the results highlighted the value of digestate as a nutrient source and sucrose as both community controller and means to enhance the LA concentration in future LA biorefinery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bede S. Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Richgro Garden Products, Jandakot, WA, Australia
| | - Stephan Tait
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Damien J. Batstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Parisa A. Bahri
- Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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6
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Swetha TA, Ananthi V, Bora A, Sengottuvelan N, Ponnuchamy K, Muthusamy G, Arun A. A review on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) production from fermentative food waste - Its applications and degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123703. [PMID: 36801291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its low carbon footprint and environmental friendliness, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely produced bioplastics in the world. Manufacturing attempts to partially replace petrochemical plastics with PLA are growing year over year. Although this polymer is typically used in high-end applications, its use will increase only if it can be produced at the lowest cost. As a result, food wastes rich in carbohydrates can be used as the primary raw material for the production of PLA. Lactic acid (LA) is typically produced through biological fermentation, but a suitable downstream separation process with low production costs and high product purity is also essential. The global PLA market has been steadily expanding with the increased demand, and PLA has now become the most widely used biopolymer across a range of industries, including packaging, agriculture, and transportation. Therefore, the necessity for an efficient manufacturing method with reduced production costs and a vital separation method is paramount. The primary goal of this study is to examine the various methods of lactic acid synthesis, together with their characteristics and the metabolic processes involved in producing lactic acid from food waste. In addition, the synthesis of PLA, possible difficulties in its biodegradation, and its application in diverse industries have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Angelin Swetha
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - V Ananthi
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhispa Bora
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | | | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - A Arun
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India.
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7
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Pau S, Tan LC, Arriaga Garcia SL, Lens PN. Effect of thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment on lactic acid fermentation of food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:566-574. [PMID: 36169149 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) generation has become one of the largest environmental concerns for human society. Thanks to its chemical features and its high biodegradability, FW can be used as starting platform to produce biocommodities. Lactic acid (LA) is one of those chemicals that is gaining the attention of industry and research for its important role in polylactic acids production. To exploit better the organic content of FW, several FW pretreatments have been proposed in the literature, though none of them were aimed at influencing LA fermentation. Thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment effects on solubilization rates and LA production yields have been investigated in this batch study. The highest solubilization rate was achieved with 30 minutes ultrasonic pretreated FW resulting in a 15% increment in soluble COD (sCOD). The highest LA yield was obtained after 90-minute thermal pretreatment at 80 and 100°C at a yield of 0.49 g LA•g COD-1. This study shows that ultrasonic pretreatment generally performed better than thermal pretreatment when considering the increase in sCOD but caused a reduction in LA concentrations and yields after fermentation with high production of ethanol. The opposite trend was recorded in the thermal pretreated incubations, in which LA was present for 50% of the sCOD with higher LA concentrations of 2.90 g COD•L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pau
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sonia Lorena Arriaga Garcia
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Environmental Sciences Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Piet Nl Lens
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Liu S, Wang Q, Li Y, Ma X, Zhu W, Wang N, Sun H, Gao M. Highly efficient oriented bioconversion of food waste to lactic acid in an open system: Microbial community analysis and biological carbon fixation evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128398. [PMID: 36496318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of organic solid waste to lactic acid (LA) in open fermentation systems has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. In this study, a highly efficient oriented LA bioconversion system from food waste (FW) in open mode was established. The maximum LA production was 115 g/L, with a high yield of 0.97 g-LA/g-total sugar. FW is a low-cost feedstock for LA production, containing indigenous hydrolysis and LA-producing bacteria (LAB). Saccharification and real-time pH control were found to be essential for maintaining LAB dominantly in open systems. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed that Enterococcus mundtii adapted to complex FW substrates and dominated the subsequent bioconversion process. The oriented LA bioconversion exhibited the capacity for biological carbon fixation by reducing CO2 emissions by at least 21 kg per ton of FW under anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, China.
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9
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Methods for Intensifying Biogas Production from Waste: A Scientometric Review of Cavitation and Electrolysis Treatments. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article presents future trends in research using microbiological methods to intensify bioprocesses for biogas production. The pretreatment by combinations of physical and chemical methods, such as cavitation and electrolysis, is considered. The approach of the article involved reviewing the residual area on the intensification technologies of anaerobic digestion with current methods to improve the quality and quantity of biogas. The most valuable reported positive results of the pretreatment of biological raw materials in the cavitation process were reviewed and are presented here. A model of the effect of electrolysis on the species diversity of bacteria in anaerobic digestion was developed, and changes in the dominance of the ecological and trophic systems were revealed on the basis of previous studies. The stimulating effect on biogas yield, reduction in the stabilization period of the reactor, and inactivation of microorganisms at lower temperatures is associated with different pretreatment methods that intensify anaerobic digestion. More research is recommended to focus on the electrolysis treatment of different types of waste and their ratios with optimization of regime parameters, as well as in combination with other pretreatments to produce biomethane and biohydrogen in larger quantities and in better qualities.
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10
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Song L, Liu S, Liu R, Yang D, Dai X. Direct lactic acid production from household food waste by lactic acid bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156479. [PMID: 35679945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is vigorously promoting garbage classification, but the treatment of classified waste, especially household food waste (HFW) has yet to be studied. Lactic acid (LA), a high value-added platform molecule has broad market prospects. Although there have been many studies on the production of LA from food waste, open fermentation often produces lots of by-products, while the traditional fermentation under a pure bacteria system often requires the saccharification process, which increases the production cost. We sought to analyze the comprehensive properties of classified HFW in Shanghai, then to produce LA by inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) directly. The effects of strains, temperature, sterilized or not, initial pH, inoculum size, and substrate concentration on LA production were investigated. HFW was rich in nutrients and growth factors which provided the possibility for direct LA production from HFW by inoculating LAB. The results showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus all could be used as the inoculum, however, no significant synergistic effect of the three strains on LA production was found. LA concentration of 30.25 g/L at 37 °C, pH 6.8 could be obtained by inoculating Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 from sterilized HFW. High inoculum size and substrate concentration resulted in high LA concentration, but not high LA yield. The result of ANOVA indicated that there was a significantly positive relationship between substrate concentration and LA concentration (r = 0.942, p < 0.01), while no statistically significant difference between these groups at different inoculum size was evident (p = 0.318). In addition, an average LA concentration of 26.8 g/L, LA yield of 0.20 g/g TCOD was obtained by repeated batch fermentation for 32 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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11
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Lanfranchi A, Tassinato G, Valentino F, Martinez GA, Jones E, Gioia C, Bertin L, Cavinato C. Hydrodynamic cavitation pre-treatment of urban waste: Integration with acidogenic fermentation, PHAs synthesis and anaerobic digestion processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134624. [PMID: 35439492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban waste can be valorized within a biorefinery approach, producing platform chemicals, biopolymers and energy. In this framework, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a promising pre-treatment for improving biodegradability due to its high effectiveness and low cost. This paper deals with the effect of HC pre-treatment on the acidogenic co-fermentation process of thickened sewage sludge from a WWTP and seasonal vegetable waste from a wholesale market. Specifically, HC was assessed by testing two sets of parameters (i.e., treatment time of 30 and 50 min; vacuum pressure 1.4 and 2.0 bar; applied power 8 and 17 kW) to determine its effectiveness as a pre-treatment of the mixture. The highest increase in sCOD (+83%) and VFAs (from 1.93 to 17.29 gCODVFA L-1) was gained after 50 min of cavitation. Fermentations were conducted with not cavitated and cavitated mixtures at 37 °C on 4 L reactors in batch mode, then switched to semi-continuous with OLR of 8 kgTVS m-3 d-1 and HRT of 5-6.6 d. Good VFAs concentrations (12.94-18.27 gCODVFA L-1) and yields (0.44-0.53 gCODVFA gVS(0)-1) were obtained, which could be enhanced by pre-treatment optimization and pH control. The organic acid rich broth obtained was then assessed as a substrate for PHAs storage by C. necator. It yielded 0.37 g g-1 of polyhydroxybutyrate, such biopolymer resulted to have analogous physicochemical characteristics of commercial equivalent. The only generated side-stream would be the solid-rich fraction of the fermented effluent, which valorization was assessed through BMP tests, showing a higher SGP of 0.42 Nm3 kgTVS-1 for the cavitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lanfranchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy.
| | - G Tassinato
- Green Propulsion Laboratory, Veritas s.p.a., Fusina, VE, 30175, Italy
| | - F Valentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy
| | - G A Martinez
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Jones
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Gioia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Bertin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cavinato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy
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12
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Chenebault C, Moscoviz R, Trably E, Escudié R, Percheron B. Lactic acid production from food waste using a microbial consortium: Focus on key parameters for process upscaling and fermentation residues valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127230. [PMID: 35483530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the production of lactic acid from food waste in industrially relevant conditions was investigated. Laboratory assays were first performed in batch conditions to determine the suitable operational parameters for an efficient lactic acid production. The use of compost as inoculum, the regulation of temperature at 35 °C and pH at 5 enhanced the development of Lactobacillus sp. resulting in the production of 70 g/L of lactic acid with a selectivity of 89% over the other carboxylic acids. Those parameters were then applied at pilot scale in successive fed-batch fermentations. The subsequent high concentration (68 g/L), yield (0.38 g/gTS) and selectivity (77%) in lactic acid demonstrated the applicability of the process. To integrate the process into a complete value chain, fermentation residues were then converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion. Lastly, the experiment was successfully replicated using commercial and municipal waste collected in France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Moscoviz
- Suez, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Eric Trably
- LBE, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
| | - Renaud Escudié
- LBE, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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Yang L, Chen L, Li H, Deng Z, Liu J. Lactic acid production from mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of food waste at different pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114312. [PMID: 34942551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is promising to recover lactic acid (LA) from fermentation of food waste (FW). In this study, pH and temperatures were investigated comprehensively to find their effects on LA fermentation, and microbial analyses were used to take insight to the variation of LA production. The results showed that mesophilic fermentation benefited hydrolysis and acidification, leading to a high yield of LA, while thermophilic conditions restricted other producers at low pH, leading to a high purity of LA. Lactobacillus amylolyticus was the main LA producer under thermophilic conditions, but Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum boomed at pH 5.0-6.0 and it converted LA partly to butyric acid. Simultaneously, Bacillus coagulans also increased and improved the optical purity (OP) of L-LA. From a series of this study, an operational condition of pH 5.5 and temperature of 52 °C would be potentially suitable for lactate fermentation of FW with high purity of 89%, while a stable LA production with an OP of 68% was achieved at 55 °C and pH 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhou Deng
- Shenzhen Lisai Environmental Technology Co, Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Thygesen A, Tsapekos P, Alvarado-Morales M, Angelidaki I. Valorization of municipal organic waste into purified lactic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125933. [PMID: 34852434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal organic waste (biowaste) consists of food derived starch, protein and sugars, and lignocellulose derived cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. Proper management enables nutrient recycling and sustainable production of platform chemicals such as lactic acid (LA). This review gathers the most important information regarding use of biowaste for LA fermentation covering pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and downstream processing to achieve high purity LA. The optimal approach was found to treat the two biowaste fractions separately due to different pre-treatment and enzyme needs for achieving enzymatic hydrolysis and to do continues fermentation to achieve high cell density and high LA productivity up to 12 g/L/h for production of both L and D isomers. The specific productivity was 0.4 to 0.5 h-1 but with recalcitrant biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis was rate limiting. Novel purification approaches included reactive distillation and emulsion liquid membrane separation yielding purities sufficient for polylactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Thygesen
- Bioconversion Group, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Bioconversion Group, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Bioconversion Group, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Bioconversion Group, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061174. [PMID: 34073698 PMCID: PMC8225055 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste biorefineries for the production of biofuels, platform chemicals and other bio-based materials can significantly reduce a huge environmental burden and provide sustainable resources for the production of chemicals and materials. This will significantly contribute to the transition of the linear based economy to a more circular economy. A variety of chemicals, biofuels and materials can be produced from food waste by the integrated biorefinery approach. This enhances the bioeconomy and helps toward the design of more green, ecofriendly, and sustainable methods of material productions that contribute to sustainable development goals. The waste biorefinery is a tool to achieve a value-added product that can provide a better utilization of materials and resources while minimizing and/or eliminating environmental impacts. Recently, food waste biorefineries have gained momentum for the production of biofuels, chemicals, and bio-based materials due to the shifting of regulations and policies towards sustainable development. This review attempts to explore the state of the art of food waste biorefinery and the products associated with it.
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Zhang Z, Tsapekos P, Alvarado-Morales M, Angelidaki I. Impact of storage duration and micro-aerobic conditions on lactic acid production from food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124618. [PMID: 33406468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is an abundant resource with great potential for lactic acid (LA) production. In the present study, the effect of storage time on FW characteristics and its potential for LA production was investigated. The largest part of sugars was consumed during 7 to 15 days of FW storage and the sugar consumption reached 68.0% after 15 days. To enhance the LA production, micro-aerobic conditions (13 mL air/g VS) and addition of β-glucosidase were applied to improve polysaccharides hydrolysis, resulting to increase of monosaccharides content to 76.6%. Regarding fermentative LA production, the highest LA titer and yield of hydrolyzed FW was 32.1 ± 0.5 g/L and 0.76 ± 0.01 g/g-sugar, respectively. Furthermore, L-LA isomer was higher than 70% when FW was stored for up to 7 days. However, attention should be paid on controlling the FW storage to approximately one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshuai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Ahmad A, Banat F, Taher H. Comparative study of lactic acid production from date pulp waste by batch and cyclic-mode dark fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:585-593. [PMID: 33176940 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biowaste valorization into lactic acid (LA) by treatment with indigenous microbiota has recently gained considerable attention. LA production from date pulp waste provides an opportunity for resource recovery, reduces environmental issues, and possibly turns biomass into wealth. This study aimed to compare the performance of batch and cyclic fermentation processes in LA production with and without enzymatic pretreatment. The fermentation studies were conducted in the absence of an external inoculum source (relying on indigenous microbiota) and without the addition of nutrients. The highest LA volumetric productivity (3.56 g/liter/day), yield (0.07 g/g-TS), and concentration (21.66 g/L) were attained with enzymatic pretreated date pulp in the cyclic-mode fermentation at the optimized conditions. The productivity rate of LA was enhanced in the cyclic-mode as compared to the batch process. Enzymatic pretreatment increased the digestibility of cellulose that led to higher LA yield. An Artificial Neural Network model was developed to optimize the process parameters and to predict the LA concentration from date pulp waste in both fermentation processes. The main advantage of the ANN approach is the ability to perform quick predictions without resource-consuming experiments. The model predicted optimal conditions well and demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hanifa Taher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Assessment of Integration between Lactic Acid, Biogas and Hydrochar Production in OFMSW Plants. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion and composting are known to be the most widespread methods to deal with Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). The production of biogas, a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, is worth but alone cannot solve the problems of waste disposal and recovery; moreover, the digestate could be stabilized by aerobic stabilization, which is one of the most widespread methods. The anaerobic digestion + composting integration converts 10% to 14% of the OFMSW into biogas, about 35–40% into compost and 35–40% into leachate. The economic sustainability could be rather increased by integrating the whole system with lactic acid production, because of the high added value and by substituting the composting process with the hydrothermal carbonization process. The assessment of this integrated scenario in term of mass balance demonstrates that the recovery of useful products with a potentially high economic added value increases, at the same time reducing the waste streams outgoing the plant. The economic evaluation of the operating costs for the traditional and the alternative systems confirms that the integration is a valid alternative and the most interesting solution is the utilization of the leachate produced during the anaerobic digestion process instead of fresh water required for the hydrothermal carbonization process.
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Roukas T, Kotzekidou P. Pomegranate peel waste: a new substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation under non-aseptic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13105-13113. [PMID: 32016865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid production from dried and non-dried pomegranate peel wastes by the fungus Aspergillus niger B60 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) under non-aseptic conditions was investigated. The maximum amount of citric acid (278.5 g/kg dry peel) was achieved using dried (at 45 °C for 48 h) pulverized pomegranate peels with moisture content 75% and initial pH 8.0, after 8 days of fermentation at 25 °C. Under the same fermentation conditions, a higher amount of citric acid (306.8 g/kg dry peel) was observed during SSF of non-dried peels as a substrate. The addition of methanol as an inducer at a concentration of 3% (w/w) into the dried and non-dried pomegranate peel wastes increased the amount of citric acid to 300.7 and 351.5 g/kg dry peel, respectively. The non-dried pomegranate peel waste in SSF under non-aseptic conditions is a cheap and useful substrate for the commercial production of citric acid with low energy cost. The utilization of inexpensive agro-industrial wastes through SSF can contribute to achieve industrially feasible and environmentally sustainable bio-production of citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Roukas
- Laboratory of Food Engineering and Processing, Department of Food Science and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 250, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Parthena Kotzekidou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 250, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Simultaneous Bioconversion of Gelatinized Starchy Waste from the Rice Noodle Manufacturing Process to Lactic Acid and Maltose-Forming α-Amylase by Lactobacillus plantarum S21, Using a Low-Cost Medium. FERMENTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct bioconversion of gelatinized starchy waste (GSW) to lactic acid by amylolytic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum S21 was investigated. Corn steep liquor (CSL) was selected as the most suitable low-cost nitrogen source for replacing yeast extract, beef extract, and peptone in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium. Plackett–Burman design results indicated that GSW and CSL were the two most nutrients that significantly influence lactic acid production, among eight medium components, including GSW, CSL, K2HPO4, CH3COONa, (NH4)2HC6H5O7, MgSO4, MnSO4, and Tween 80. A new low-cost medium containing only GSW (134.4 g/L) and CSL (187.7 g/L) was achieved as omitting other six components from the optimized medium had no effect on lactic acid yield. Batch fermentation at 37 °C both in 1 L and 10 L jar fermenters showed non-significantly different productivity. A by-product, maltose-forming α-amylase, was successfully achieved up to 96% recovery yield using an ultrafiltration unit equipped with a 50 kDa cut-off membrane. Crude lactic acid exhibited the additional benefit of antimicrobial activity against food and feed pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TISTR 292, Vibrio cholerae TH-001, and also E. coli ATCC 25922. This study presents a promising bioprocess for the simultaneous production of lactic acid, and a value-added food enzyme, using only two industrial wastes, GSW and CSL, as the medium components.
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