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Bocker R, Silva EK. Pulsed electric field technology as a promising pre-treatment for enhancing orange agro-industrial waste biorefinery. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2116-2133. [PMID: 38196909 PMCID: PMC10775899 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In the processing of orange juice, 50-70% of the fresh fruit weight is converted into organic waste. Orange processing waste (OPW) primarily consists of peels, seeds, and pulp. Improper disposal of this residue can lead to greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, and the wastage of natural resources. To address this ecological issues, recent research has focused on developing innovative process designs to maximize the valorization of OPW through biorefinery strategies. However, the current challenge in implementing these methods for industrial waste management is their significant energy consumption. In response to these challenges, recent studies have explored the potential of employing pulsed electric field (PEF) technology as a pre-treatment to improve energy efficiency in biorefinery processes. This non-thermal and emerging technology can enhance the mass transfer of intracellular components via electroporation of cell walls, thereby resulting in shorter processing times, lower energy inputs, greater retention of thermosensitive components, and higher extraction yields. In this regard, this review offers a comprehensive discussion on the innovative biorefinery strategies to the valorization of OPW, with a specific focus on recent studies assessing the technical feasibility of methodologies for the extraction of phytochemical compounds, dehydration processes, and bioconversion methods. Recent studies that discussed the potential of PEF technology to reduce energy demand by increasing the mass transfer of biological tissues were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bocker
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Campinas-SP CEP:13083-862 Brazil
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Campinas-SP CEP:13083-862 Brazil
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Wang J, Ma D, Lou Y, Ma J, Xing D. Optimization of biogas production from straw wastes by different pretreatments: Progress, challenges, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166992. [PMID: 37717772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) presents a promising feedstock for carbon management due to enormous potential for achieving carbon neutrality and delivering substantial environmental and economic benefit. Bioenergy derived from LCB accounts for about 10.3 % of the global total energy supply. The generation of bioenergy through anaerobic digestion (AD) in combination with carbon capture and storage, particularly for methane production, provides a cost-effective solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, while concurrently facilitating bioenergy production and the recovery of high-value products during LCB conversion. However, the inherent recalcitrant polymer crystal structure of lignocellulose impedes the accessibility of anaerobic bacteria, necessitating lignocellulosic residue pretreatment before AD or microbial chain elongation. This paper seeks to explore recent advances in pretreatment methods for LCB biogas production, including pulsed electric field (PEF), electron beam irradiation (EBI), freezing-thawing pretreatment, microaerobic pretreatment, and nanomaterials-based pretreatment, and provide a comprehensive overview of the performance, benefits, and drawbacks of the traditional and improved treatment methods. In particular, physical-chemical pretreatment emerges as a flexible and effective option for methane production from straw wastes. The burgeoning field of nanomaterials has provoked progress in the development of artificial enzyme mimetics and enzyme immobilization techniques, compensating for the intrinsic defect of natural enzyme. However, various complex factors, such as economic effectiveness, environmental impact, and operational feasibility, influence the implementation of LCB pretreatment processes. Techno-economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and artificial intelligence technologies provide efficient means for evaluating and selecting pretreatment methods. This paper addresses current issues and development priorities for the achievement of the appropriate and sustainable utilization of LCB in light of evolving economic and environmentally friendly social development demands, thereby providing theoretical basis and technical guidance for improving LCB biogas production of AD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Silva Amorim D, Silva Amorim I, Campos Chisté R, André Narciso Fernandes F, Regina Barros Mariutti L, Teixeira Godoy H, Rosane Barboza Mendonça C. Non-thermal technologies for the conservation of açai pulp and derived products: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113575. [PMID: 37986445 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea) is one of the main sustainable extractive crops in the Amazon region, widely consumed by the local population and a significant export product. This review presents the current knowledge regarding nonthermal technologies employed in açai processing. This review aims to discuss and compare the main results attained by the application of HPP, ultrasound, ozone, UV light, cold plasma, and pulsed electric field on microbial inactivation, enzymatic inhibition, and the content of anthocyanin and other bioactive compounds after açai pulp processing. The discussion compares these technologies with pasteurization, the current main technology applied to açai sanitization. This review shows that there are still many gaps to be filled concerning açai processing in thermal and non-thermal technologies. Data analysis allowed the conclusion that pasteurization and HPP are, up to now, the only technologies that enable a 5-log CFU reduction of yeasts, molds, and some bacteria in açai. However, no study has reported the inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the major gap found in current knowledge. Other technologies, such as pulsed electric field, cold plasma, and ultrasound, require further development and process intensification studies to be as successful as HPP and pasteurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelly Silva Amorim
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universida Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabelly Silva Amorim
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universida Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Campos Chisté
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Fabiano André Narciso Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universida Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universida Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosane Barboza Mendonça
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mendoza-Tinoco TP, Sánchez-Vázquez V, Del Carmen Fajardo-Ortiz M, González I, Beristain-Cardoso R. How does a low-magnitude electric field influence anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment? A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138402. [PMID: 36921776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a physio-biochemical process widely used for treating industrial or municipal wastewater with concomitant methane production. Several technologies have been tested to improve AD's efficiency, like pretreatments and co-digestion, among others. Recently the imposition of a low-magnitude electric field (LMEF) has been applied at the AD to improve methane yield. Despite the positive results of imputing an electric field, many gaps are not understood yet. Therefore, this review focuses on the biochemical aspects of AD and electric field for a better understanding of the effect of the LMEF on the metabolisms of the AD during wastewater treatment and its application in methane production enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Paola Mendoza-Tinoco
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco, No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, C.P. 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Av. San Rafael Atlixco, No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, C.P. 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Fajardo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco, No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, C.P. 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco, No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, C.P. 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Beristain-Cardoso
- Departamento de Recursos de La Tierra, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Av. De Las Garzas, No, 10, Col. El Panteón, C.P.52005, Municipio Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Basak B, Kumar R, Bharadwaj AVSLS, Kim TH, Kim JR, Jang M, Oh SE, Roh HS, Jeon BH. Advances in physicochemical pretreatment strategies for lignocellulose biomass and their effectiveness in bioconversion for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128413. [PMID: 36462762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a significant barrier to efficient lignocellulosic biorefinery owing to its complex structure and the presence of inhibitory components, primarily lignin. Efficient biomass pretreatment strategies are crucial for fragmentation of lignocellulosic biocomponents, increasing the surface area and solubility of cellulose fibers, and removing or extracting lignin. Conventional pretreatment methods have several disadvantages, such as high operational costs, equipment corrosion, and the generation of toxic byproducts and effluents. In recent years, many emerging single-step, multi-step, and/or combined physicochemical pretreatment regimes have been developed, which are simpler in operation, more economical, and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, many of these combined physicochemical methods improve biomass bioaccessibility and effectively fractionate ∼96 % of lignocellulosic biocomponents into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thereby allowing for highly efficient lignocellulose bioconversion. This review critically discusses the emerging physicochemical pretreatment methods for efficient lignocellulose bioconversion for biofuel production to address the global energy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Petroleum and Mineral Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - A V S L Sai Bharadwaj
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Ding Z, Kumar V, Sar T, Harirchi S, Dregulo AM, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Liu X, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Agro waste as a potential carbon feedstock for poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates production: Commercialization potential and technical hurdles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128058. [PMID: 36191751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enormous production and widespread applications of non -biodegradable plastics lead to their accumulation and toxicity to animals and humans. The issue can be addressed by the development of eco-friendly strategies for the production of biopolymers by utilization of waste residues like agro residues. This will address two societal issues - waste management and the development of an eco-friendly biopolymer, poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates (PHAs). Strategies adopted for utilization of agro-residues, challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail in this comprehensive review. The possibility of PHA properties improvements can be increased by preparation of blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- Institute for Regional Economy Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRES RAS), 38 Serpukhovskaya str, 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Bocker R, Silva EK. Pulsed electric field assisted extraction of natural food pigments and colorings from plant matrices. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100398. [PMID: 36211728 PMCID: PMC9532718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology enables the extraction of food pigments at lower temperatures. PEF process intensification may reduce the extraction yield depending on the plant matrix. Coupling PEF with other emerging technologies is a smart strategy to extract natural pigments. The application of PEF technology in natural food pigment extraction still requires further studies.
Coloring compounds are widely applied to manufacturing foods and beverages. The worldwide food market is replacing artificial colorants with natural alternatives, given the increased consumer demand for natural products. However, these substitutes are still an issue due to their high production cost and low chemical and physical stability. Furthermore, natural pigments are highly sensitive to processes applied in conventional extraction techniques, such as thermal, mechanical, and chemical stresses. In this regard, pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has emerged as a promising non-thermal alternative for recovering and producing natural colorings from food matrices. Its action mechanism on cell structures through the electroporation effect is a smart alternative to overcoming the challenging issues associated with producing natural colorants. In this scenario, this review provides an overview of the PEF assisted extraction of natural pigments and colorants, such as anthocyanins (red-blue-purple), betalains (red), carotenoids (yellow-orange-red), and chlorophylls (green) from plant sources. Moreover, the potential and limitations of this emerging technology to integrate the extraction process of natural colorants were discussed.
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Kalaiselvan N, Glivin G, Bakthavatsalam AK, Mariappan V, Premalatha M, Raveendran PS, Jayaraj S, Sekhar SJ. A waste to energy technology for Enrichment of biomethane generation: A review on operating parameters, types of biodigesters, solar assisted heating systems, socio economic benefits and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133486. [PMID: 35016951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is one of the promising wastestoenergy (WtE) technologies that convert organic wastes to useful gaseous fuel (biogas). In this process methane is produced in the presence of methanogens (bacteria). The survival and activities of methanogens are based on several parameters such as pH, temperature, organic loading rate, types of biodigester. Moreover, these parameters influence the production of biogas in terms of yield and composition. Maintaining an appropriate temperaturefor AD is highly critical and energy intensive. This study reviews the various hybrid technologies assistedbio gas production schemes particularly from renewable energy sources. Also discuss the direct and indirect solar assisted bio-digester impacts and recommendation to improve its performance. In addition, the performance analysis Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and thermal collector assisted bio gas plants; besides their impact on the performance of anaerobic digesters. Since opportunities of solar energy are attractive, the effective utilization of the same is selected for the discussion. Besides, the various constraints that affect the yield and composition of biogas are also evaluated along with the current biogas technologies and the biodigesters. The environmental benefits, challenges and socio-economic factors are also discussed for the successful implementation of various technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalaiselvan
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Godwin Glivin
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - A K Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Mariappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Premalatha
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Saji Raveendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Jayaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - S Joseph Sekhar
- Department of Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, PC 324, Oman
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Saini RK, Prasad P, Shang X, Keum YS. Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13643. [PMID: 34948437 PMCID: PMC8704327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction of lipids from biological tissues is a crucial step in lipid analysis. The selection of appropriate solvent is the most critical factor in the efficient extraction of lipids. A mixture of polar (to disrupt the protein-lipid complexes) and nonpolar (to dissolve the neutral lipids) solvents are precisely selected to extract lipids efficiently. In addition, the disintegration of complex and rigid cell-wall of plants, fungi, and microalgal cells by various mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments facilitate the solvent penetration and extraction of lipids. This review discusses the chloroform/methanol-based classical lipid extraction methods and modern modifications of these methods in terms of using healthy and environmentally safe solvents and rapid single-step extraction. At the same time, some adaptations were made to recover the specific lipids. In addition, the high throughput lipid extraction methodologies used for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based plant and animal lipidomics were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatments and extraction methods were also illustrated. Moreover, the emerging green solvents-based lipid extraction method, including supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE), is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parchuri Prasad
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
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Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues’ Improved Valorization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and adoption of more efficient and robust technologies for reuse of wastewater embedded resources, in particular materials and energy, is becoming an unavoidable necessity. Among many emerging technologies in the sector of wastewater treatment residuals valorization, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processes have shown interesting potential, although they have not yet entered the sector’s mainstream as a consolidated commercial technology, as in other industrial applications, such as the food, medical, and bio-based industries. PEF is a non-thermal technology suitable to biological applications, involving gentle cell disintegration and enhanced cell membrane permeability and as such applicable to disinfection, sterilization, and to those processes that benefit from an enhanced extraction of organic compounds from biological matter, such as anaerobic digestion, biological processes for recovery of nutrients, and biorefinery of cell-embedded compounds. PEF technology applications in wastewater/biomass residues management are reported and advantages, drawbacks, and barriers of the technology are discussed in this paper.
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