1
|
Vidyarthi PK, Arora P, Blond N, Ponche JL. Modelling and techno-economic assessment of possible pathways from sewage sludge to green energy in India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121856. [PMID: 39032256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Efficient domestic wastewater management is essential for mitigating the impact of wastewater on human health and the environment. Wastewater management with conventional technologies generates sewage sludge. The present study considered a modelling approach to evaluate various processing pathways to produce energy from the sewage sludge. Anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction are analysed in terms of their energy generation potentials with the Aspen Plus software. A techno-economic assessment is performed to assess the economic viability of each pathway. It reveals that gasification appears as the most promising method to produce electricity, with 0.76 kWh/kgdrysludge, followed by anaerobic digestion (0.53 kWh/kgdrysludge), pyrolysis (0.34 kWh/kgdrysludge), and hydrothermal liquefaction (0.13 kWh/kgdrysludge). In contrast, the techno-economic analysis underscores the viability of anaerobic digestion with levelized cost of electricity as 0.02 $/kWh followed by gasification (0.11 $/kWh), pyrolysis (0.14 $/kWh), and hydrothermal liquefaction (2.21 $/kWh). At the same time, if the products or electricity from the processing unit is sold, equivalent results prevail. The present study is a comprehensive assessment of sludge management for researchers and policymakers. The result of the study can also assist policymakers and industry stakeholders in deciding on alternative options for energy recovery and revenue generation from sewage sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Vidyarthi
- Hydro and Renewable Energy Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, India; University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE UMR7362), Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pratham Arora
- Hydro and Renewable Energy Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
| | - Nadège Blond
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE UMR7362), Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Ponche
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE UMR7362), Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buratto WG, Muniz RN, Nied A, Barros CFDO, Cardoso R, Gonzalez GV. A Review of Automation and Sensors: Parameter Control of Thermal Treatments for Electrical Power Generation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:967. [PMID: 38339684 PMCID: PMC10856863 DOI: 10.3390/s24030967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the critical role of automation and sensor technologies in optimizing parameters for thermal treatments within electrical power generation. The demand for efficient and sustainable power generation has led to a significant reliance on thermal treatments in power plants. However, ensuring precise control over these treatments remains challenging, necessitating the integration of advanced automation and sensor systems. This paper evaluates the pivotal aspects of automation, emphasizing its capacity to streamline operations, enhance safety, and optimize energy efficiency in thermal treatment processes. Additionally, it highlights the indispensable role of sensors in monitoring and regulating crucial parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rates. These sensors enable real-time data acquisition, facilitating immediate adjustments to maintain optimal operating conditions and prevent system failures. It explores the recent technological advancements, including machine learning algorithms and IoT integration, which have revolutionized automation and sensor capabilities in thermal treatment control. Incorporating these innovations has significantly improved the precision and adaptability of control systems, resulting in heightened performance and reduced environmental impact. This review underscores the imperative nature of automation and sensor technologies in thermal treatments for electrical power generation, emphasizing their pivotal role in enhancing operational efficiency, ensuring reliability, and advancing sustainability in power generation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Gouvêa Buratto
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ninno Muniz
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | - Ademir Nied
- Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Barros
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cardoso
- Production Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, Shi T, Qian Q, He C, Ren J. Protocol for the design and accelerated optimization of a waste-to-energy system using AI tools. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102685. [PMID: 37905497 PMCID: PMC10622306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid a surge in waste volume, the need to achieve sustainable waste treatment has become increasingly important. Here, we present a protocol for the design and accelerated optimization of a waste-to-energy system using artificial intelligence tools. We describe steps for waste treatment process advancement as demonstrated by the medical waste-to-methanol conversion and implementing data-driven process optimization. We then detail procedures for streamlining tasks by establishing connectivity between systems such as Aspen Plus and MATLAB. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shi et al. (2022)1 and Fang et al. (2022).2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiming Qian
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Centre for Petrochemical Energy Conservation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingzheng Ren
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donskoy I, Svishchev D. Experimental Study of Model Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets Swelling during Heating and Combustion. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites of sawdust and crushed polyethylene were obtained by pressing at 5–10 atm. The resulting pellets with a size of about 10–20 mm were then burned in airflow in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800 °C. The combustion process was recorded, and obtained video data were analyzed. The data obtained made it possible to estimate the change in particle size at different stages of combustion. An increase in linear dimensions during conversion was achieved of up to 2 times. Particle swelling led to a decrease in mechanical strength and destruction of particles before complete burnout.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gerasimov GY, Khaskhachikh VV, Sychev GA, Larina OM, Zaichenko VM. Study of a Two-Stage Pyrolytic Conversion of Dried Sewage Sludge into Synthesis Gas. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122060045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
6
|
Chang H, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Damgaard A, Christensen TH. Review of inventory data for the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 146:106-118. [PMID: 35588648 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The thermal treatment of sewage sludge has gained much interest in recent years, as exemplified by the 269 papers found in the scientific literature for the period 2010-2021. We identified 140 datasets in 57 papers presenting inventory data related to mass flows, energy and emissions for the incineration, gasification and pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge incineration (excess oxygen, 850-950 ℃) is an established technology; however, data on flue gas cleaning and air emissions are scarce. The recovery of energy is close to the amount of energy used for incinerating dried sludge (0.2 kWh/kg TS), while dewatered sludge incineration uses more energy (1-2 kWh/kg TS) than what can be recovered. Sewage sludge gasification (limited oxygen, 650-950 ℃) is an experimental technology with four outputs (kg/kg sludge TS): char 0.43, tar 0.02, fly ash 0.06 and syngas 0.53. The data vary significantly in this regard, suggesting than many factors affect the performance of the gasification process. Sewage sludge pyrolysis (no oxygen, 400-800 ℃) is an experimental technology with five outputs (kg/kg sludge TS): char 0.53, tar 0.21, water < 0.05, fly ash set to zero and syngas 0.21. The values are somewhat different for digested sludge. Energy consumption for the pyrolysis of sewage sludge cannot be estimated from the literature. The current literature provides useful data on the main flows of thermal technologies, although large variations are in evidence. However, data are limited on energy consumption and recovery in general, and they are scarce on direct emissions to the air from incineration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Silan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Anders Damgaard
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management Technologies Selection Based on Techno-Economic-Environmental Criteria: Case Study of Croatia. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The management and disposal of sewage sludge is becoming a growing concern at the global level. In the past, the main goal was to completely eliminate sewage sludge since it was deemed a threat to humans and the environment, but recently different possibilities for energy generation and material recovery are emerging. Existing technologies such as incineration or direct application in agriculture contribute to quantity reduction and nutrient recovery but are unable to fully exploit the potential of sewage sludge within the frameworks of circular economy and bioeconomy. This paper developed a model within the PROMETHEE method, which analyses technologies for the sustainable management of sewage sludge, which could make the most from it. For the empirical part of the study, the Republic of Croatia was used as a country in which sewage sludge is increasing in quantity as a result of recent upgrades and expansions in the wastewater system. Incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and nutrient recovery were analyzed as treatment concepts for the increased amounts of sewage sludge. The model reveals that the best solution is the material recovery of sewage sludge, using the struvite production pathway through analysis of selected criteria.
Collapse
|
8
|
A Fuzzy-Genetic-Based Integration of Renewable Energy Sources and E-Vehicles. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
E-Vehicles are used for transportation and, with a vehicle-to-grid optimization approach, they may be used for supplying a backup source of energy for renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are integrated to maintain the demand of consumers, mitigate the active and reactive power losses, and maintain the voltage profile. Renewable energy sources are not supplied all day and, to meet the peak demand, extra electricity may be supplied through e-Vehicles. E-Vehicles with random integration may cause system unbalancing problems and need a solution. The objective of this paper is to integrate e-Vehicles with the grid as a backup source of energy through the grid-to-vehicle optimization approach by reducing active and reactive power losses and maintaining voltage profile. In this paper, three case studies are discussed: (i) integration of renewable energy sources alone; (ii) integration of e-Vehicles alone; (iii) integration of renewable energy sources and e-Vehicles in hybrid mode. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the integration and the active and reactive power losses are minimum when we used the third case.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Xi F, Zhang Z, Li S, Chen X, Wan X, Ma W, Deng R, Chong C. Recycling of photovoltaic silicon waste for high-performance porous silicon/silver/carbon/graphite anode. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 132:56-63. [PMID: 34314949 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development photovoltaic industry has generated a huge amount of waste ultra-fine silicon cutting powder. The management and value-added recovery of silicon cutting waste is highly important for both environmental remediation and economic efficiency. In this work, silicon waste was used as a cost-effective raw material for the preparation of silicon/graphite anode for lithium-ion batteries. First, porous Si embedded with Ag particles (pSi/Ag) was produced by silver-assisted chemical etching (Ag-ACE). Then, pSi/Ag was loaded on a micron-sized graphite matrix (pSi/Ag/G), and organic carbon (C) produced by the pyrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acted as a link to closely connect pSi/Ag and graphite to form the pSi/Ag/C/G composite. The incorporated Ag particles and the porous structure improve electron transfer and mitigate the volume expansion effect of silicon. The novel design and structure of the anode can maintain the integrity of the electrode during cycling, and thus strongly improve cycling stability. The prepared pSi/Ag/C/G composite exhibited a large initial discharge capacity of 2353 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and good initial coulombic efficiency of 83%, delivering a high capacity of 972 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 200 cycles. This work confirmed the possibility of the preparation of lithium battery silicon-carbon anode from silicon waste and provides a promising new avenue for value-added utilization of silicon cutting waste materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Silicon Material Industry Research Institution (Innovation Center) of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Fengshuo Xi
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Silicon Material Industry Research Institution (Innovation Center) of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Silicon Material Industry Research Institution (Innovation Center) of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China; School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering (SPREE), University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaohan Wan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Silicon Material Industry Research Institution (Innovation Center) of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Silicon Material Industry Research Institution (Innovation Center) of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Rong Deng
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering (SPREE), University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - CheeMun Chong
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering (SPREE), University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|