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Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Bertanza G, Setti M, Barbieri G, Frattarola A. Integrating novel (thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor-TAMR) and conventional (conventional activated sludge-CAS) biological processes for the treatment of high strength aqueous wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:213-219. [PMID: 29427872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A combination of thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor (TAMR) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) was studied by means of two pilot plants at semi-industrial scale in order to simulate the new configuration adopted in a full-scale facility for the treatment of high strength aqueous wastes. Aqueous wastes with high contents of organic pollutants were treated by means of the TAMR technology, progressively increasing the organic load (3-12 kgCOD m-3 d-1). A mixture of municipal wastewater and thermophilic permeate was fed to the CAS plant. The main results are the following: achievement of a high COD removal yield by both the TAMR (78%) and the CAS (85%) plants; ammonification of the organic nitrogen under thermophilic conditions and subsequent mesophilic nitrification; capacity of the downstream mesophilic process to complete the degradation of the organic matter partially obtained by the TAMR process and precipitation of phosphorus as vivianite and carbonatehydroxylapatite in the TAMR plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Setti
- Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Barbieri
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Frattarola
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
A thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor (TAMR) treating high-strength COD liquid wastes was submitted to an integrated investigation, with the aim of characterizing the biomass and its rheological behaviour. These processes are still scarcely adopted, also because the knowledge of their biology as well as of the physical-chemical properties of the sludge needs to be improved. In this paper, samples of mixed liquor were taken from a TAMR and submitted to fluorescent in situ hybridization for the identification and quantification of main bacterial groups. Measurements were also targeted at flocs features, filamentous bacteria, and microfauna, in order to characterize the sludge. The studied rheological properties were selected as they influence significantly the performances of membrane bioreactors (MBR) and, in particular, of the TAMR systems that operate under thermophilic conditions (i.e., around 50°C) with high MLSS concentrations (up to 200 gTS L−1). The proper description of the rheological behaviour of sludge represents a useful and fundamental aspect that allows characterizing the hydrodynamics of sludge suspension devoted to the optimization of the related processes. Therefore, in this study, the effects on the sludge rheology produced by the biomass concentration, pH, temperature, and aeration were analysed.
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Collivignarelli MC, Bertanza G, Sordi M, Pedrazzani R. High-strength wastewater treatment in a pure oxygen thermophilic process: 11-year operation and monitoring of different plant configurations. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:588-596. [PMID: 25746652 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research was carried out on a full-scale pure oxygen thermophilic plant, operated and monitored throughout a period of 11 years. The plant treats 60,000 t y⁻¹ (year 2013) of high-strength industrial wastewaters deriving mainly from pharmaceuticals and detergents production and landfill leachate. Three different plant configurations were consecutively adopted: (1) biological reactor + final clarifier and sludge recirculation (2002-2005); (2) biological reactor + ultrafiltration: membrane biological reactor (MBR) (2006); and (3) MBR + nanofiltration (since 2007). Progressive plant upgrading yielded a performance improvement chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was enhanced by 17% and 12% after the first and second plant modification, respectively. Moreover, COD abatement efficiency exhibited a greater stability, notwithstanding high variability of the influent load. In addition, the following relevant outcomes appeared from the plant monitoring (present configuration): up to 96% removal of nitrate and nitrite, due to denitrification; low-specific biomass production (0.092 kgVSS kgCODremoved⁻¹), and biological treatability of residual COD under mesophilic conditions (BOD5/COD ratio = 0.25-0.50), thus showing the complementarity of the two biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Collivignarelli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail:
| | - G Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sordi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail:
| | - R Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Courtens ENP, Vlaeminck SE, Vilchez-Vargas R, Verliefde A, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Boon N. Trade-off between mesophilic and thermophilic denitrification: rates vs. sludge production, settleability and stability. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:234-244. [PMID: 25007305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of thermophilic nitrogen removal strategies will facilitate sustainable biological treatment of warm nitrogenous wastewaters. Thermophilic denitrification was extensively compared to mesophilic denitrification for the first time in this study. Two sequential batch reactors (SBR) at 34 °C and 55 °C were inoculated with mesophilic activated sludge (26 °C), fed with synthetic influent in a first phase. Subsequently, the carbon source was switched from acetate to molasses, whereas in a third phase, the nitrate source was fertilizer industry wastewater. The denitrifying sludge maintained its activity at 55 °C, resulting in an immediate process start-up, obtaining nitrogen removal rates higher than 500 mg N g(-1) VSS d(-1) in less than one week. Although the mesophilic SBR showed twice as high specific nitrogen removal rates, the maximum thermophilic denitrifying activity in this study was nearly 10 times higher than the activities reported thus far. The thermophilic SBR moreover had a 73% lower sludge volume index, a 45% lower sludge production and a higher resilience towards a change in carbon source compared with the mesophilic SBR. The higher resilience was potentially related to a higher microbial diversity and evenness of the thermophilic community at the end of the synthetic feeding period. The thermophilic microbial community showed a higher similarity over the different feeding periods implying a more stable community. Overall, this study showed the capability of mesophilic denitrifiers to maintain their activity after a large temperature increase. Existing mesophilic process systems with cooling for the treatment of warm wastewaters could thus efficiently be converted to thermophilic systems with low sludge production and good settling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie N P Courtens
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Arne Verliefde
- The Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL. Optimization on thermophilic aerobic treatment of anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (POME). Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abeynayaka A, Visvanathan C. Mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic batch biodegradation, utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources in high-strength wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2358-2366. [PMID: 21075626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compares organic and nitrogen removals of thermophilic and mesophilic aerobic processes. The experiments were performed in three 7.2L sequential batch reactors (SBRs) operated at 30, 47 and 60°C. Molasses based synthetic wastewater consisting chemical oxygen demand (COD): 11,200 mg/L, total kheljal nitrogen (TKN): 770 mg/L, ammonical nitrogen (NH(4)): 560 mg/L was the feed medium. Biokinetic parameters, COD, NH(4)(+) and TKN removal efficiencies were compared under six different operating conditions. Five times lower sludge production and similar COD removal were observed in thermophilic SBRs compared to mesophilic SBR under 8.25 kg COD/m(3)d loading rate. However at 24.75 kg COD/m(3)d there were no differences in terms of sludge production while COD removals were varied as 59%, 80% and 82% at 30, 47 and 60°C respectively. A mechanism was developed to understand the varying behaviors of thermophilic aerobic process. Stripping is the major mechanism for nitrogen removal in thermophilic SBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Abeynayaka
- School of Environment, Resource and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL. Effects of Temperature on Aerobic Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901952m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing Chan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei Fong Chong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Lim Law
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sarpola AT, Saukkoriipi JJ, Hietapelto VK, Jalonen JE, Jokela JT, Joensuu PH, Laasonen KE, Rämö JH. Identification of hydrolysis products of AlCl3·6H2O in the presence of sulfate by electrospray ionizationtime-of-flight mass spectrometry and computational methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:377-88. [PMID: 17199154 DOI: 10.1039/b614814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and computational methods (DFT, MP2, and COSMO) were used to investigate the hydrolysis products of aluminium chloride as a function of sulfate concentration at pH 3.7. With the aid of computational chemistry, structural information was deduced from the chemical compositions observed with ESI-MS. Many novel types of hydrolysis products were noted, revealing that our present understanding of aluminium speciation is too simple. The role of counterions was found to be critical: the speciation of aluminium changed markedly as a function of sulfate concentration. Ab initio calculations were used to reveal the energetically most favoured structures of aluminium sulfate anions and cations selected from the ESI-MS results. Several interesting observations were made. Most importantly, the bonding behaviour of the sulfate group changed as the number of aqua ligands increased. The accompanying structural rearrangement of the clusters revealed the highly active role of sulfate as a ligand. The gas phase calculations were expanded to the aquatic environment using a conductor-like screening model. As expected, the bonding behaviour of the sulfate group in the minimum energy structures was distinctly different in the aquatic environment compared to the gas phase. Together, these methods open a new window for research in the solution chemistry of aluminium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja T Sarpola
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, Finland.
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